🧵 Evgeny Prigozhin and Ramzan Kadyrov have recently criticized the army leadership going as far as to name and shame specific generals.
Some suspect they represent the "party of war" within the Kremlin or even nascent hawkish opposition to Putin. I disagree; here's why ⬇️
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This conflict invokes a pattern familiar to any scholar of Russian politics.
Putin sets up two or more centers of power and allows petty feuds between them. By now, this is almost an instinctive move for him.
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One such long-standing feud is between Rosneft, Russia's biggest oil company, and Transneft, an oil pipeline monopoly. Both are headed by Putin's close associates with a KGB background.
Rosneft's Sechin an Transneft's Tokarev often clash over oil transportation issues.
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Another long-standing conflict is between two law enforcement agencies, the Prosecutor's Office and the Investigative Committee (IC). At some point, the IC even tried to interrogate the son of the prosecutor general.
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Both conflicts were public and involved real sources of tension (money, turf wars). Yet neither led to any kind of destabilization of Putinism.
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Putin has been perfectly okay with such conflicts as they make him indispensable - who else can resolve them?
Furthermore, as long as the elite clans are fighting with each other, they will not unite to oust Putin himself.
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As simple as this tactic is, it has served Putin well during his 22 years in power.
To me, Putin's heavy reliance on Kadyrov and Prigozhin during this war represents the same old playbook ("Personalist dictatorship 101"), but there's a catch.
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It is one thing to play such palace games in peacetime and another to do the same during Europe's most brutal war in 75 years.
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As the military experts and war correspondents (including Z ones) point out, lack of proper coordination between Russia's motley crew of ground forces - the regular army, Kadyrov's troops, Prigozhin's PMC, Donbas militias - results in diminished effectiveness.
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Russia's "clan state" or "network state" is ill-suited for war which requires highly coordinated and rational organization that overrules any political feuds.
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Furthermore, Kadyrov/Prigozhin's attacks test the patience of the generals. Unlike Shoigu who is well versed in palace politics, the generals have never played the political games they are now forced to play.
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The generals are also easily thrown under the bus by Putin. They are given the weakest hand in this situation - maximum responsibility and no real political influence.
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Is it smart to alienate the generals during war? About as smart as launching this war itself.
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The bottom line: noises from Kadyrov and Prigozhin are well within the limits of typical Kremlin politics, but this kind of politics itself is out of touch with the reality of war that the Kremlin is waging.
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More defeats on the battlefield are coming and Putin will eventually have to face the political consequences of a lost war.
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Confusion everywhere, people do not understand the stakes in the current moment.
Russia can either lose or win this war, and this is decided right now.
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Russia's main goal has never been to occupy and annex territories, but to subjugate Ukraine and crush its sovereignty. Ukraine has been fighting valiantly (and successfully) to prevent this outcome.
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Despite Trump's betrayal, European states can still save the situation. They need to:
1) Sign ironclad guarantees of massive military supplies to Ukraine for decades to come (and mobilize their military industries to achieve this)
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He also notably calls the Minsk agreements "the first partition of Ukraine". But... but... The Kremlin was earnest about Minsk, the agreements were about re-integrating the Donbas into Ukraine! And now this! I wonder what Aaron Maté and his bunch would say.
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Surkov was, quite officially, Putin's assistant in charge of Ukraine policy in 2013-2020. He now admits that the Minsk Agreements were akin to Russia's annexation of part of Ukraine's territory.
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I feel like most of the debates about the resolution of the war in Ukraine miss the point. It's not about the occupied territories, NATO or security guarantees. It's about the future of the Ukrainian army.
A 🧵.
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Most people agree at this point that the liberation of all the occupied territories is unrealistic.
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However, the NATO issue refuses to go away. Ukraine will not be admitted to NATO for the simple reason that Russia's renewed aggression against Ukraine would mean a war between Russia and NATO.
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Fascinating how Putinist the so-called "Project 2025" is both in terms of ends and means.
Goals such as completely banning gender-affirming care and sexuality education: done and done in Russia.
Means: creating a parallel government to control the entire bureaucracy (President's Office of Management and Budget in the US case) - done! See Putin's Presidential Administration.
Recent staff changes at the top in Russia reveal Putin's thinking about his entourage. Essentially, he divides his people into three categories: experts on the Anglo-Saxon conspiracy, old heavyweights and guys actually capable of working ("technocrats").
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Putin's clear preference lies with the conspiracy experts, as he's become such an expert himself. He likes to talk to them and hang with them, discussing Russia's historic mission and Western perfidy.
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However, he realizes that such cadres should not be appointed to the positions that require real work. As much as he enjoys listening to them (or to himself through their speeches), he reserves positions of responsibility for the "technocrats"...
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I am devastated by the news from Moscow. The death toll is terrible. I will not speculate about the perpetrators. Nor will I tolerate gloating comments here.
One thing I will note though. After such an attack, one wants to know the truth - and this is precisely the thing the Russian authorities cannot deliver.
In 2017, a bomb blast killed 16 and wounded 87 in Saint-Petersburg metro. The remains of a suicide bomber, Akbarzhon Jalilov, were found on site.