1/55 Covid and the brain. An update of my January 29 2022 thread (linked).
A lot of new science, some therapy suggestions.
Peer reviewed, preprints, news commentaries, videos. 55 tweets.
A lot of new science, some therapy suggestions.
Peer reviewed, preprints, news commentaries, videos. 55 tweets.
https://twitter.com/AndrewEwing11/status/1487473810915876864.
2/ first some old references I missed in the earlier thread, then new material.
3/ November 2020, Title: Anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the CSF, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and neurological outcome
Antibodies in brains of severe covid patients.
nn.neurology.org/content/7/6/e8…
Antibodies in brains of severe covid patients.
nn.neurology.org/content/7/6/e8…
4/ Jan 5 2021, Title: Alzhheimer’s Foundation call to action
“The chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19: The need for a prospective study of viral impact on brain functioning” alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
“The chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19: The need for a prospective study of viral impact on brain functioning” alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
5/ April 12 2021, Title: Study: A Third of COVID Patients Develop Neuropsychiatric Symptoms
”Patients may have new neuropsychiatric symptoms or worse symptoms of an existing mental illness.”
”virus may cause brain damage f inflammation or blood clotting.”
verywellhealth.com/covid-19-psych…
”Patients may have new neuropsychiatric symptoms or worse symptoms of an existing mental illness.”
”virus may cause brain damage f inflammation or blood clotting.”
verywellhealth.com/covid-19-psych…
6/ July 2021, Title: The prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in patients recovering from COVID-19
” detected remarkable high rates of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) that might explain the common fatigue symptoms”
openres.ersjournals.com/content/7/supp…
” detected remarkable high rates of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) that might explain the common fatigue symptoms”
openres.ersjournals.com/content/7/supp…
7/ Aug 9 2021, Title: Long covid study. Brain issues
“5 most common symptoms were fatigue (58%), headache (44%), attn disorder (27%), hair loss (25%), and dyspnea (24%).” & “80% of the infected patients with SARS-CoV-2 devel 1 or more long-term symptoms.” nature.com/articles/s4159…
“5 most common symptoms were fatigue (58%), headache (44%), attn disorder (27%), hair loss (25%), and dyspnea (24%).” & “80% of the infected patients with SARS-CoV-2 devel 1 or more long-term symptoms.” nature.com/articles/s4159…
8/ September 2021, Title: Neurocognitive Outcome Following Recovery from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome – Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1)
cambridge.org/core/journals/…
cambridge.org/core/journals/…
9/ December 21 2021, Title: SARS-CoV-2 infection of olfactory epithelial cells and neurons drives acute lung injury and lethal COVID-19 in mice
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
10/ January 8 2022, Title: Risks of mental health outcomes in people with covid-19: cohort study
”The findings suggest that people who survive the acute phase of covid-19 are at increased risk of an array of incident mental health disorders.”
bmj.com/content/bmj/37…
”The findings suggest that people who survive the acute phase of covid-19 are at increased risk of an array of incident mental health disorders.”
bmj.com/content/bmj/37…
11/ March 31 2022, Title: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in mouse via non-cell autonomous hippocampal neuronal death
nature.com/articles/s4159…
nature.com/articles/s4159…
12/ May 17 2022, Title: Amyloidogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
” the results propose taking S-protein amyloidogenesis into account when studying COVID-19 and long COVID-19 symptoms.” Diabetes, neurodegeneration all possible.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja…
” the results propose taking S-protein amyloidogenesis into account when studying COVID-19 and long COVID-19 symptoms.” Diabetes, neurodegeneration all possible.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja…
13/ May 20 2022, Title: SARS-CoV-2 Infects Peripheral and Central Neurons of Mice Before Viremia, Facilitated by Neuropilin-1
”SARS-CoV-2 rapidly invades & establishes productive infection in unassessed sites in the nervous system via direct invasion.”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
”SARS-CoV-2 rapidly invades & establishes productive infection in unassessed sites in the nervous system via direct invasion.”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
14/ May 25 2022, Title: Covid and the brain: A neurological health crisis
” Even a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause inflammation that disrupts neural communication, says Stanford neurologist Michelle Monje.”
knowablemagazine.org/article/health…
” Even a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause inflammation that disrupts neural communication, says Stanford neurologist Michelle Monje.”
knowablemagazine.org/article/health…
15/ May 26 2022, Title: Mental health outcomes following COVID-19 infection: Evidence from 11 UK longitudinal population studies
” Self-reporting COVID-19 was longitudinally associated with deterioration in mental health and life satisfaction.”
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
” Self-reporting COVID-19 was longitudinally associated with deterioration in mental health and life satisfaction.”
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
16/ May 26 2022, Title: Unusual Involvement of Basal Ganglia and Dentate Nucleus in Children with Acute Encephalopathy with COVID-19
” two cases of acute encephalopathy with COVID-19”
link.springer.com/article/10.100…
” two cases of acute encephalopathy with COVID-19”
link.springer.com/article/10.100…
17/ June 4 2022, Title: Long COVID is associated with extensive in-vivo neuroinflammation on [18F]DPA-714 PET
” Quantitative measures of binding (BPND values) were increased .. implicates profound neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of long COVID.”
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
” Quantitative measures of binding (BPND values) were increased .. implicates profound neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of long COVID.”
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
18/ June 6 2022, Title: The unique ORF8 protein from SARS-CoV-2 binds to human dendritic cells and induces a hyper-inflammatory cytokine storm
”neutralizing antibody .. blocking the cytokine / chemokine response .. therapy of severe SARS-CoV-2 cases”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
”neutralizing antibody .. blocking the cytokine / chemokine response .. therapy of severe SARS-CoV-2 cases”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
19/ June 9 2022, Title: Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 1 Year in Infants of Mothers Who Tested Positive for SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy
”those born to mothers w pos SARS-CoV-2 pcr during pregnancy were more likely to have neurodevel diagnosis in 12 months”
jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
”those born to mothers w pos SARS-CoV-2 pcr during pregnancy were more likely to have neurodevel diagnosis in 12 months”
jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
20/ June 12 2022, Title: Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation
Mouse model and human follow up for neuro effects of mild respiratory Sars infection. Preprint is discussed in the earlier thread.
cell.com/cell/fulltext/…
Mouse model and human follow up for neuro effects of mild respiratory Sars infection. Preprint is discussed in the earlier thread.
cell.com/cell/fulltext/…
21/ June 2022, Video on covid-induced inflammation and the brain by Michelle Monje
22/ June 7 2022, Title: Post-acute COVID-19 cognitive impairment and decline uniquely associate with kynurenine pathway activation: a longitudinal observational study
"KP as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19-related cognitive impairment.”
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
"KP as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19-related cognitive impairment.”
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
23/ June 10 2022, Title: Comprehensive clinical assessment identifies specific neurocognitive deficits in working-age patients with long-COVID
”Cognitive assessment ->specific deficit ->magnitude as intoxication at the UK drink driving -> 10 years ageing
journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
”Cognitive assessment ->specific deficit ->magnitude as intoxication at the UK drink driving -> 10 years ageing
journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
24/ June 13 2022, Title: Neurotoxic amyloidogenic peptides in the proteome of SARS-COV2: potential implications for neurological symptoms in COVID-19
”2 peptides from SARSCoV-2 proteome->self-assemble into amyloid assemblies->toxic to neuronal cells”
nature.com/articles/s4146…
”2 peptides from SARSCoV-2 proteome->self-assemble into amyloid assemblies->toxic to neuronal cells”
nature.com/articles/s4146…
25/ June 24 2022, Title: Increased levels of circulating neurotoxic metabolites in patients with mild Covid19
”The levels of neurotoxic metabolites were significantly associated with key inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNFα.”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
”The levels of neurotoxic metabolites were significantly associated with key inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNFα.”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
26/ June 29 2022, Title: Covid associated with neurodegenerative disorders
43,375 cases: 3.5 x increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease, 2.6 x Parkinson’s disease, 2.7 x ischaemic stroke, and 4.8 x intracerebral hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain)
eurekalert.org/news-releases/…
43,375 cases: 3.5 x increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease, 2.6 x Parkinson’s disease, 2.7 x ischaemic stroke, and 4.8 x intracerebral hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain)
eurekalert.org/news-releases/…
27/ July 2022 Evidence that SARS cov2 might build nanotubes from nose cells to brain cells allowing it to shuttle through”Coronavirus may enter the brain by building tiny tunnels from the nose”
newscientist.com/article/232954…
newscientist.com/article/232954…
28/ July 2022, Title: Neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation in COVID-19. Severe “patients had multifocal vascular damage as determined by leakage of serum proteins into the brain parenchyma.”
academic.oup.com/brain/advance-…
academic.oup.com/brain/advance-…
29/ July 5 2022, Title: Possible cause of long COVID ‘brain fog’ revealed – study. “In the course of their research, scientists found that the neurological effects of long-COVID were strikingly similar to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.”
jpost.com/health-and-wel…
jpost.com/health-and-wel…
30/ July 5 2022, Title: COVID-19 Neuropathology: evidence for SARS-CoV-2 invasion of Human Brainstem Nuclei. “Evidence for SARS2 invasion of brain stem nuclei”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
31/ July 5 2022, Title: Small NIH study reveals how immune response triggered by COVID-19 may damage the brain
”evidence of an immune attack after COVID-19 infection that may damage the cells lining the inside of blood vessels in the brain. ”
ninds.nih.gov/news-events/pr…
”evidence of an immune attack after COVID-19 infection that may damage the cells lining the inside of blood vessels in the brain. ”
ninds.nih.gov/news-events/pr…
32/ July 5 2022, Title: Neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation in COVID-19
” Antibody-mediated cytotoxicity directed against the endothelial cells ->vascular leakage, platelet aggregation, neuroinflammation and neuronal injury."
academic.oup.com/brain/article/…
” Antibody-mediated cytotoxicity directed against the endothelial cells ->vascular leakage, platelet aggregation, neuroinflammation and neuronal injury."
academic.oup.com/brain/article/…
33/ July 15 2022 ” SARS-CoV-2 causes brain inflammation via impaired neuro-immune interactions”
“adenovirus vector expressing SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein into the nasal cavity of mice, -> mouse model -> brain inflammation, fatigue, depressive symptoms”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
“adenovirus vector expressing SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein into the nasal cavity of mice, -> mouse model -> brain inflammation, fatigue, depressive symptoms”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
34/ July 31 2022, Title: One-two punch from pair of common viruses may trigger Alzheimer’s disease
speculates future Alzheimer’s problems from COVID-19 pandemic as SARS-CoV-2 infections can reactivate dormant VSV&HSV-1 infections.
newatlas.com/health-wellbei…
content.iospress.com/articles/journ…
speculates future Alzheimer’s problems from COVID-19 pandemic as SARS-CoV-2 infections can reactivate dormant VSV&HSV-1 infections.
newatlas.com/health-wellbei…
content.iospress.com/articles/journ…
35/ August 2022, Title: 3 children with new-onset neurocognitive problems after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), that showed, at the brain positron emission tomography/computed tomography, hypometabolism in the left orbito-frontal region
journals.lww.com/pidj/Abstract/…
journals.lww.com/pidj/Abstract/…
36/ August 5 2022, Title: Notes from the Field: Increase in Pediatric Intracranial Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic — Eight Pediatric Hospitals, United States, March 2020–March 2022
cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
37/ August 5 2022, Title: COVID-19 infection in crucial brain regions may lead to accelerated brain aging
”COVID-19 may predispose to developing irreversible neurological conditions, strokes, chance of developing persistent brain lesions brain bleeding.”
medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-c…
”COVID-19 may predispose to developing irreversible neurological conditions, strokes, chance of developing persistent brain lesions brain bleeding.”
medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-c…
38/ August 5 2022, Title: Long COVID, Cognitive Impairment, and the Stalled Decline in Disability Rates
Discussion of how long covid cognition effects.
federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/…
Discussion of how long covid cognition effects.
federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/…
39/ August 9 2022, Title: Loss Of Smell Linked To Long Term Covid Cognitive Impairment
W Hazeltine ” a study presented at this year’s Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC) may have uncovered a key to solving this riddle: loss of smell.”
forbes.com/sites/williamh…
W Hazeltine ” a study presented at this year’s Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC) may have uncovered a key to solving this riddle: loss of smell.”
forbes.com/sites/williamh…
40/ August 15 2022, Title: COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction: a looming wave of dementia?
journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.11…
journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.11…
41/ August 31 2022, Title: Neuroinvasion and anosmia are independent phenomena upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, hamster model; “all SARS-CoV-2 variants were found to be neuroinvasive, regardless of the clinical presentation they induce.”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
42/ September 2022, Title: SARS-CoV-2 and the central nervous system: Emerging insights into hemorrhage-associated neurological consequences and therapeutic considerations
”Hemorrhage neurotoxicity may synergistically predispose to neurodegen/dementia”
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
”Hemorrhage neurotoxicity may synergistically predispose to neurodegen/dementia”
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
44/ September 2022, Title: COGNITIVE-LINGUISTIC DIFFICULTIES IN ADULTS WITH LONG COVID
Cognitive-linguistic difficulties in adults with Long COVID and Communication-related quality of life in adults with Long COVID
H/T @Fewtrella1
tandfbis.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/rt-files/docs/…
Cognitive-linguistic difficulties in adults with Long COVID and Communication-related quality of life in adults with Long COVID
H/T @Fewtrella1
tandfbis.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/rt-files/docs/…
45/ September 15 2022, Title: Long COVID Was a Preventable Tragedy. Some of Us Saw It Coming
“between 800,000 and 2.5 million Americans had ME/CFS before the pandemic. Now, billions worldwide infected by SARS-CoV-2, upended millions.”
webmd.com/lung/news/2022…
“between 800,000 and 2.5 million Americans had ME/CFS before the pandemic. Now, billions worldwide infected by SARS-CoV-2, upended millions.”
webmd.com/lung/news/2022…
46/ September 16 2022, Title: SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 Induce Amyloid Aggregation in Human CSF
”induce amyloid aggregation of proteins in human CSF, ->potential mechanism for the assoc btwn persistent & latent/reactivating brain inf & neurodegen diseases”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
”induce amyloid aggregation of proteins in human CSF, ->potential mechanism for the assoc btwn persistent & latent/reactivating brain inf & neurodegen diseases”
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
47/ September 22 2022, Title: Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19
”hazard ratio of any neurologic sequela was 1.42 (95% confidence intervals 1.38, 1.47) and burden 70.69 (95% confidence intervals 63.54, 78.01) per 1,000 persons at 12 months.”
nature.com/articles/s4159…
”hazard ratio of any neurologic sequela was 1.42 (95% confidence intervals 1.38, 1.47) and burden 70.69 (95% confidence intervals 63.54, 78.01) per 1,000 persons at 12 months.”
nature.com/articles/s4159…
48/ September 30 2022, Title: The impact of a home-based personalized computerized training program on cognitive dysfunction associated with Long COVID: a before-and-after feasibility study
Computer games to help brain fog
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Computer games to help brain fog
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
49/ October 1 2022, Title: Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1 284 437 patients
“risk of psych disorder, cognitive, dementia, epilepsy seizures ”
thelancet.com/journals/lanps…
“risk of psych disorder, cognitive, dementia, epilepsy seizures ”
thelancet.com/journals/lanps…
50/ October 5 2022, Title: Neurogenesis is disrupted in human hippocampal progenitor cells upon exposure to serum samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms
nature.com/articles/s4138…
nature.com/articles/s4138…
51/ October 11, 2022, Title: Brain imaging and neuropsychological assessment of individuals recovered from a mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection
White matter is related to MS and is reduced after mild to moderate infection.
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
White matter is related to MS and is reduced after mild to moderate infection.
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
52/ October 18 2022, Title: Severe COVID-19 may increase the risk for schizophrenia
” COVID-19 cases that resulted in hospitalization were associated with an 11% increase in risk for developing schizophrenia.”
psypost.org/2022/10/severe…
” COVID-19 cases that resulted in hospitalization were associated with an 11% increase in risk for developing schizophrenia.”
psypost.org/2022/10/severe…
53/ October 21 2022, Title: Long-Haul COVID Patients: Prevalence of POTS Are Reduced but Cerebral Blood Flow Abnormalities Remain Abnormal with Longer Disease Duration
mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/1…
mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/1…
54/ October 21 2022, Title: T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people with and without neurologic symptoms of long COVID, “Proteomics analysis -> enhanced plasma immunoregulatory proteins in Neuro-PASC patients ”
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
55/ November 2022, Title: Larger gray matter volumes in neuropsychiatric long-COVID syndrome
In long covid grey matter (nerve cells) increases from inflammation.
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
In long covid grey matter (nerve cells) increases from inflammation.
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Excellent related thread here!
https://twitter.com/MeetJess/status/1576398431907500032
Nov 1 2022, Title: SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein
"mechanism of microglial immune activation by SARS-CoV-2 -> could explain the increased vulnerability to developing Parkinson’s disease in COVID."
nature.com/articles/s4138…
"mechanism of microglial immune activation by SARS-CoV-2 -> could explain the increased vulnerability to developing Parkinson’s disease in COVID."
nature.com/articles/s4138…
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