Max Anderson Profile picture
Nov 3, 2022 15 tweets 3 min read Read on X
For anyone who still believes the narrative that this inflation was an accident

Or some kind of "policy error"

Here's a brief reminder about how sovereign debt bubbles work 👇
First, a yucky situation:

🚨 Debt/GDP > 100% Image
If your economy is capable of growing ~2% per year, and your debt becomes bigger than your GDP

Then you are heading into a runaway death spiral ☠️🌀

*Unless* you can somehow keep the growth rate of your debt below 2%...

Which means bond yields PLUS deficit % below 2%
Not an easy thing to do

Especially if you like your deficit spending, as most governments do

You are in quite a nasty pickle
You have 3 options:

1️⃣ Drastically cut spending + simultaneously raise taxes

And pray to god the resulting surplus can somehow erode the numerator of Debt/GDP...

faster than those austerity measures attack the denominator of Debt/GDP

Not fun, nor good for getting re-elected
2️⃣ Go bankrupt
3️⃣ Print sh*tloads of $ anytime there's a crisis, and gradually inflate the debt away over the course of a decade

Hmm.... yeah

We like option #3 😁
But before you get too far ahead of yourself, you've got to go about option #3 the right way

You can't just start printing money out of nowhere. That might raise some questions

Questions you'd really rather not have to answer

What you need, is a ✨crisis✨
Any old crisis should do the trick

War, pandemic, natural disaster, etc. You get my drift

If you're lucky, you can just wait around until a big beautiful crisis lands on your doorstep

If you're unlucky, and no crisis seems to be showing up on its own, you'll have to create one
Either way, once you have your crisis, here's the secret:

Big spikes of inflation 🔴
... above prevailing interest rates 🟢
... drive big drawdowns in Debt/GDP 🔵

You can use the 1940s & 50s as a textbook example 👇 Image
Coming out of WWII, we found ourselves in a similarly nasty debt-pickle, with ~120% debt/GDP

But we ran the playbook, and it worked beautifully

2-3 big spikes of inflation, and debt/GDP quickly came back down to a healthy ~50%
It's remarkably simple

Just generate some inflation, allow it to run hot for a year or two, and then hold bond yields below CPI

Repeat a few times (preferably spaced out inconspicuously over a decade), until Debt/GDP comes back down to target, something manageable like ~50%
Voilà 🪄

Your horrifying, potentially empire-toppling, civilization-ending clusterf*ck of a debt bubble miraculously disappears 🥳 Image
How financial markets work during sovereign debt bubble unwinds

Why liquidity becomes the #1 driver

And how to set yourself up to benefit from it:

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More from @maxjanderson

Jan 7, 2025
Most Americans assume a strong dollar is automatically a good thing

They view currencies like a scoreboard of how “good” or “bad” a country is doing

This is dumb, here’s why 👇🏼 Image
If you’re an American who spends most of your money traveling abroad, then yes, it feels amazing when the dollar is strong

It’s pretty fun to go to Japan right now, where everything is 33% cheaper than it was a few years ago Image
And it’s extra fun to visit Turkey, where everything is 7x cheaper vs a few years ago Image
Read 18 tweets
Jan 3, 2025
The only chart you need to understand macro economics and personal finance for the next 30 yrs 👇 Image
Coming out of WW2, the US federal debt hit a whopping 120% of GDP

Which was a problem, because of the next thing:

There's a law of nature when it comes to taxes

No government has ever been able to sustainably collect more than ~20% of it's GDP as tax revenue

Regardless of what it tries to do with taxes ratesImage
The US learned this lesson the hard way in 1945, when in an attempted to deal with our 120% debt to GDP conundrum, we raised the top marginal tax rate to 94%

What happened over the next 5 years?

Federal revenue absolutely cratered

From 20% all the way down to 13% of GDP by 1950

Raising taxes wasn't a solution
Read 43 tweets
Nov 2, 2023
There are only 4 metrics that matter in any business:

1) profit per hour (of YOUR time)⏳

2) profit per employee 👥

3) market share 🥧

4) moat 🏰

These are the Golden Metrics 👑
The Golden Metrics are equally valid for companies of every size, in every industry

Whether you’re a sole proprietor, or a Fortune 500 CEO

If you fail to measure them, you will work way too hard, for way too long

And you will give up years of your life in exchange for mediocre outcomes
So don’t be a chump

✅ measure the Golden Metrics 👑

✅ set goals against them

✅ don’t think about anything else
Read 14 tweets
Jul 24, 2023
Still relevant 👇 https://t.co/cl6kYVzqup
Image
If rates stay at 5.5%

The cost to service America’s $33 trillies of debt

grows to $1.8 trillies per year

Which sounds like a lot of fun coupons

But unless you’re a mouthbreathing giga🧠 turbo nerd

trillies are a silly concept

So to translate for the midwits like me…
1.8 trillies is enough to buy:

🚀 55 more NASAs
🎓 6 more Education Systems
👵🏽 3 more Welfare Systems
🪖 1.5 more US Militaries
🏝️ 1.2 more Pension Systems
🏥 1.1 more Healthcare Systems

But that’s not all, because we have to remember that
Read 25 tweets
Jun 16, 2023
Massive $120bn drawdown in Reverse Repo yesterday, atop no significant change in TGA, and flat Fed Bal Sheet week-over-week.

Strong bid for Treasuries across the curve for everything 6mo+ duration coming out of yday's FOMC

$SPX ~200pts above fair value, while $BTC has reverted… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… ImageImage
Watch RRP closely over the coming days. If RRP continues drawing down aggressively (esp by more than what's required to fill the TGA) it may indicate the time has finally come for that sidelined $2T to re-enter the game

fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RRPONTS…

Updates at 2pm EST daily
Remember: RRP drawdown = mathematically identical to QE

Difference is the Fed doesn't control it, and RRP $ is supposed to be more risk-averse w/ duration

Which is why it's anomalous to see a bid across entire YC (everything 6mo+ duration) coinciding with large drawdowns in RRP
Read 5 tweets
May 22, 2023
$SPX is ~100pts above fair value based on USD Liquidity, looking forward 1-2 wks

$BTC is ~$500 above fair value based on same model

Neither divergence is significant on a coincident basis

But both are exceedingly offsides on a 3-4mo forward basis ImageImage
Based on most recent TBAC recommendations:

⚠️ Treasury should issue $733bn of net-new debt between now & end of Sep

✅ Of this, ~75% ($554bn) will be in the form of short-dated T-Bills, which can be mostly funded by pulling funds from RRP (liquidity neutral, this is good)
⚠️ The other 25% ($179bn) will be in the form of longer-duration notes & bonds, which can only be funded by pulling reserves from the banking system (liquidity down, this is bad)

home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/…
Read 6 tweets

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