John Paulson on the big short (book: How to Invest):
"I had developed a specialty in the late ’80s, when Drexel was imploding, of shorting investment-grade corporate bonds. That is an investment that is structured to have relatively little downside but substantial upside."
"However, the probability of an investment grade bond defaulting is very rare. But we found an area where it does happen, primarily with financial companies, as these companies are highly leveraged and a small decline in their assets could wipe out the equity."
"If they do fail, many times the unsecured bonds issued by these companies will go to zero. I was always looking for mispriced credit securities."
"Because of the asymmetry of this short, I never gave up on looking for large amounts of credit securities that could be borrowed, that could be shorted, and that could default."
"We finally found that in subprime mortgage-backed securities. We focused on the BBB tranche. A loss of 7% would wipe out the BBB. We thought housing was overvalued, mortgage securities were in a bubble, and that losses in these pools would exceed 7%, probably be as high as 20%."
"We told our investors, “We’d like to take a hedge and we’d like to pay 2% in premiums to buy protection.” For 2% per year, we could short bonds with a notional value of 200% of our AUM. “We could make 200 % if
they fell to 0.”
"There had never been a default of investment-grade MBS. They were viewed as the safest securities next to Treasuries.
What others missed was that the underwriting quality of securities had never been as poor as it had been in that period."
"The fact that they hadn’t defaulted in the past had nothing to do with whether or not the securities being issued would default in the future."
"The difficulty in shorting credit is you have to actually borrow the securities and you have a negative carry. Profiting from short credit is quite challenging.
You didn’t have to borrow. You could just buy a credit default swap."
"I haven’t found anything that is as asymmetrical
as this particular trade."
Interview from August 12, 2021: "The area that’s most mispriced today is credit. The 10-year is 1.3%, the 30-year 2%"
"Our view is that the market is that if inflation does prove to be higher than market expectations, that will result in higher gold prices and higher interest rates. We have set up positions that could result in 25x to one."
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"It's like you have a cell phone and then somebody gives you the charger. Oh, I can get this thing up to a hundred anytime I want?!
"It doesn't feel like anything. Doesn't do anything. I don't get it. I don't understand it. But here's the difference: at 1pm that day, my head does not hit the desk like it used to. ... I sail through the day."
"The way I look at life, basically is it's exhausting. Being busy is exhausting. Doing nothing is exhausting. No matter what you do, it's exhausting.
Sleep is hit and miss, [transcendental meditation] is not. It's this thing that augments your need for rest.
"I would always say to the people that don't do it, I can't believe you stay up all day."
"A lot of stand up is analogies.
The phone charger is pretty tough to beat as an analogy because your phone charger never doesn't work.
And that's the great thing about TM. You never have to wonder. That's the big difference between sleep and TM. TM never doesn't work perfect."
"Trait #1 is the ability to buy stocks while others are panicking and sell stocks while others are euphoric.
When 1999 comes around and the market is going up almost every day, you can't bring yourself to sell because if you do, you may fall behind your peers."
Roughly: Investing -> returning capital -> liquidating assets.
Unexpected:
"We expected low or negative spreads between ROIC and WACC for companies newly listed, rising spreads as they mature, a decline in senescence.
What we found was nearly the opposite. The spread at the date of the IPO was high and narrowed before stabilizing."
Companies going public (selling equity to new investors) when return on capital looks most attractive (and is about to decline)?
Returns to shareholders on the other hand were most attractive for more mature companies.
Druckenmiller: "I am so tired of being a bear, and being labeled a bear."
But: Liquidity ⬇️
"Since it's taken so long, the Fed has ended up with a higher terminal rate. Inflation gets stickier the longer its in the system. That increases the probability of a hard landing."
"We always short the same way. ... I try and think of a situation 12 to 18 months from now and if I think the security prices are going to be less, I short.
Frankly, I'm not sure I've ever made money in shorts. I like it. It's fun, but you can get your head handed to you."
"When I was at Soros, I shorted $200 million worth of Internet stocks in March of 99. And in three weeks covered them at a $600 million loss. I lost $600 million on a $200 million investment in three weeks.
I was short 12 stocks. They all went bankrupt Every one of them."
ROIC and margins for companies with different moats by @mjmauboussin
"A company creates value when its ROIC is in excess of cost of capital. Stated differently, it makes a dollar worth of investment worth more than a dollar in market value.
The market broadly appreciates this, especially when growth is considered as an additional variable."
"Markets are akin to an ecosystem where investors fill various niches. Investors with a short-term horizon tend to focus on near-term metrics such as sales and earnings.
Investors with a long-term horizon focus on competitive advantage and the size of the market opportunity."
Like other great investors, Sam Zell used content as a form of leverage. His "guide to the risky art of resurrecting dead properties" earned him his nickname, the Grave Dancer.
"Some might see buying and creating value from others’ mistakes as a form of exploitation, but I see it as giving neglected or devalued assets new life.
Often in my career I’ve been the only bidder for them—the last chance for a resurrection."
"I’m not claiming to be altruistic— just optimistic, and confident that I can turn those assets around.
That, in my definition, is an entrepreneur. Someone who doesn’t just see the problems but also sees the solutions—the opportunities."