Mushtaq Bilal, PhD Profile picture
Nov 25, 2022 28 tweets 9 min read Read on X
Zotero is the best citation management software — it's free and does not monetize your data

But many folks have a hard time starting out on it.

Here's how you can get started on Zotero in 15min:

Zotero for beginners: a step-by-step tutorial 🧵
Go to Zotero's website, click on the "Download" button. A screenshot of the landing page of Zotero. A yellow arrow p
You'll need to install two things:

1. Zotero desktop app
2. Zotero Connector to connect your app to your web browser

Download and install the desktop app first.

[For this tutorial, I'm using a Windows PC, and Google Chrome.] A screenshot of Zotero's homepage. A red rectangle highlight
Open the Zotero desktop app once it's installed. It's interface will look like this.

[I couldn't take a screenshot of the welcome message. If anyone does, please share.] A screenshot of the main user interface of the Zotero deskto
Go back to Zotero's homepage.

Click on "Install Chrome Connector."

[Zotero Connectors are also available for Microsoft Edge and Firefox. The Connector for Safari is bundled with Zotero. You can enable it form the Extension pane of the Safari preferences.] A screenshot of Zotero's homepage. A red rectangle highlight
You'll be taken to the Zotero Connector in the Chrome Web Store.

Click on "Add to Chrome." A screenshot of the Zotero Connector in the Chrome Web Store
After adding the Zotero Connector, click on the puzzle-like sign in the top right corner of Chrome.

It will open your Chrome Extensions.

Go to Zotero and pin it to your Chrome. A screenshot of Google Chrome on Mushtaq's computer. A red r
Now go back to Zotero's landing page and create a free account. A screenshot of Zotero's login page. A red rectangle highlig
Now go to the Zotero desktop app and click on "File" and then "New Collections."

[Zotero's collections are *like* folders but they aren't exactly folders. Tell us if you know what the difference is.] A screenshot of Zotero's main user interface. A yellow arrow
Think of a project you've worked on in the past and use its title to name the collection: [Project Name]-Mock.

Avoid doing it with a work-in-progress when starting out.

[For illustrative purposes, I'm naming the collection "Pakistani Anglophone Literature - Mock."] A screenshot of the "New Collection" menu in Zoter
Go to Google Scholar and look up keywords related to your project.

[I'm looking up "Pakistani Anglophone Literature."]

Then click on the Zotero Connector in the top right corner.

[You can also do this with your university's library or a search engine like PubMed.] A screenshot of a Google Scholar page showing search results
This will open a "Zotero Item Selector" box with all the search results on the page.

Select the items relevant to your project. A screenshot of the Zotero Item Selector on a Google Scholar
Zotero will show that it's saving the items in your library.

Since I named the collection "Pakistani Anglophone Literature" and looked up the same words, Zotero automatically knows where to save these items. A screenshot of the Zotero Connector saving items to the col
Go to the Zotero desktop app and you will see all the selected items in the relevant collection.

But that's not it.

Zotero will also look for un-paywalled PDFs of these items from around the web and add them to your collection. A screenshot of the items in the "Pakistani Anglophone
You can also add items using DOIs, PMIDs, and ISBNs.

To do so, click on the "Add Item(s) by Identifier" button and paste the relevant identifier.

Here I'm adding an item using its DOI.

[Quiz: the first person to tell me the title of this item will get a free Zotero workshop.] A screenshot of Mushtaq's Zotero library. A red rectangle po
Once you've added the items, you can open them up by double clicking on them.

You can annotate a PDF (left pane) and take notes (right pane) *in* Zotero. A screenshot of a PDF opened in Zotero's inbuilt PDF reader.
Now open a blank document in MS Word.

You'll see that Zotero has automatically installed a plugin. A screenshot of a blank document in MS Word. Two red rectang
Select a quote from one of the papers in your collection, and type it in the document.

To add an in-text citation, click on "Add/Edit Citation" in the Zotero menu. A screenshot of an MS Word document. A yellow arrow points t
Zotero may open "Document Preferences" with a list of available citation styles.

Select the style appropriate to your field. A screenshot of Zotero's "Document Preferences" in
Zotero will open a red search bar. A screenshot of Zotero's citation search bar in MS Word.
Enter the name of the author you want to cite.

Zotero will show you the relevant item in your library.

Select the item. A screenshot of the Zotero citation search bar in MS Word wi
Zotero will prepare the citation for insertion.

You can also add page numbers by clicking on the citation in the search bar.

Add a few in-text citations from different items in your collection. A screenshot of a citation in the Zotero's citation search b
Once you're done with in-text citations, click on "Add/Edit Bibliography" in the Zotero tab. A screenshot of an MS Word document. A yellow arrow points t
Zotero will add the bibliography according to the style you had selected. A screenshot of a document in MS Word. A red rectangle highl
One last thing: go and log in to your Zotero account. A screenshot of Zotero's login page.
Click on "Web Library" and you will see that your library in the Zotero desktop app is available in your web library too. A screenshot of the collection "Pakistani Anglophone Li
Hope you found this tutorial useful.

And if you did:

1. Scroll to the top and retweet the first tweet to share it with your friends and colleagues.

2. Follow me @MushtaqBilalPhD for more Zotero tutorials.
If you're interested in learning more about Zotero, here are a few more tutorials for you.

Ignore the first one since it's quite similar to this one.

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More from @MushtaqBilalPhD

Jan 5
How to build an academic writing habit (to write a lot and publish a lot):
In his book "Atomic Habits," James Clear writes about habits that are so small we don’t even notice them, but the power they have over us is immense.

He calls them atomic habits.

Although they are small, building atomic habits is VERY DIFFICULT.

Why? A photo of James Clear's book "Atomic Habits."
Clear calls the time between the point we start a habit to the point we start seeing its first results "the plateau of latent potential."

Most people remain stuck within this plateau.

To see the results of any habit, we must cross the plateau of latent potential. A photo of "The Plateau of Latent Potential" from James Clear's book "Atomic Habits."
Read 21 tweets
Dec 25, 2025
Don't use Sci-Hub — it's a "controversial" website with 84M+ research papers freely available.

We should all try to make billion-dollar academic publishers richer.

Anyway, here's a thread on how to integrate Sci-Hub with Zotero to get free papers.

🚨DO NOT DO IT!
1. Don't go to this link:
github(dot)com/syt2/zotero-scipdf

But if you do, replace the word "dot" with an actual [.]

Don't scroll down and click on "latest release xpi file."

This will download an "xpi" file to your computer.
2. Don't open your Zotero. But if you do, click on "Tools."

In "Tools," click on "Plugins." This will open Zotero's Plugin Manager.

In the Plugin Manager, click on the gear-like icon and select "Install Plugin From File."

Navigate to the XPI file you downloaded and add it.
Read 6 tweets
Dec 24, 2025
10 books to help you become a better academic writer so you can write a lot and publish a lot:

1. Academic Writing as if the Reader Matters by Leonard Cassuto

Practical tips on how to make your academic writing more engaging and readable. Examples from the arts and sciences. Academic Writing as if the Reader Matters by Leonard Cassuto
2. The Clockwork Muse by Eviatar Zerubavel

Helpful advice on how to organize your writing process in terms of time.

A-Time: for writing new material (deep work)
B-Time: for shallow work like compiling bibliography, etc.
C-Time: for house chores The Clockwork Muse by Eviatar Zerubavel
3. Write Your Dissertation in Fifteen Minutes a Day by Joan Bolker

Excellent tips on how and why you should write zero drafts.

Teaches you how to understand different stages of the writing process from ideation to drafting to revision. Write Your Dissertation in Fifteen Minutes a Day by Joan Bolker
Read 11 tweets
Dec 15, 2025
Dr Ally Louks's viral PhD thesis (130M views) on the politics of smell redefined the way people talk about smell.

Everyone wants to read her thesis, but it's unavailable until 2028

Here are 10 books on the politics of smell that you can read right now:

1. The Smell of Slavery A photo of Dr Ally Louks with her PhD thesis titled, "Olfactory Ethics: The Politics of Smell in Modern and Contemporary Literature."
The Smell of Slavery: Olfactory Racism and the Atlantic World by Andrew Kettler
1. The Smell of Slavery by Andrew Kettler

Shows how white slave owners defined Black, African bodies as noxious and deserving of enslavement.

Smell was used to dehumanize Black folks who were equated with animals by white slave owners. The Smell of Slavery: Olfactory Racism and the Atlantic World by Andew Kettler
2. The Foul and the Fragrant by Alain Corbin

Considered a foundational text in smell studies.

Shows how the bourgeois nose associated bad smells with the poor and how deodorization became a tool for state control in 18th and 19th century France. The Foul and the Fragrant by Alain Corbin
Read 11 tweets
Dec 2, 2025
Getting past peer review is a challenge every researcher faces.

Stanford researchers recently launched a free AI-powered Agentic Review that can help you with it.

It gives you a human-level mock peer review so you can polish your paper before submitting it.

Check it out 👇
1. Go to paperreview[.]ai and upload your manuscript.

Enter your email and specify your target venue (conference or journal).

You may also want to copy the "Review Token" in case you don't receive an email.
2. A few minutes later you will receive an email with a link to the review report.

Go through the review report and revise your paper according to the suggestions you think are most relevant.
Read 4 tweets
Oct 6, 2025
Libgen, Sci-Hub, and Z-library had millions of pirated academic books and papers.

So, they were shut down. We shouldn't use them anyway.

We should help billion-dollar academic publishers get richer.

Anyway, here's how to access these libraries:

Don't do this!
1. Don't go to open-slum[.]org.

Because there you will see links to LibGen, Anna's Archive, Z-Library, and Sci-Hub.
2. Don't click any link because that will open your desired library.

Don't type the title of a book you want to read because it might show up.

Look at this, someone has pirated my own book. I'm livid!
Read 5 tweets

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