Dancing larynx!!!

“a variant of palatal tremor?”

British neurologist Anette-Eleonore Schrag
1999, first description
@UCLIoN

#MedTwitter #neurotwitter #EndNeurophobia #tweetorials

1/ Image
Definition

“rhythmic vertical laryngeal cage movements of varying frequency with synchronous movements of the tongue, posterior pharynx, and the palatopharyngeal arch”

- not affecting uvula

2/ Image
Pathophysiology

Variant of palatal tremor
- oscillatory firing of neurons in the inferior olives

Functional

3/
Clinical clues

i) suppressed by action

ii) no palatal tremor
- no uvula involvement

iii) sensory triggers
- head flexion trigger attacks

iv) no focal dystonia
- sleep persistence & ear click

4/
Management

- spontaneous recovery
- botox

5/
Dancing larynx

💡MS
💡irritation of the trigeminal nerve motor root or pons

doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.00… via: Neurology

6/
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More from @theneurolander

Dec 10
Dermatome!!!

“Dermatomal man, early twentieth century”

University of Edinburgh Image Collections

#MedTwitter #neurotwitter #EndNeurophobia #tweetorials

1/ Image
History

“dermatomal charts are primarily derived from 3 sources”

Head & Campbell
-herpetic eruptions

Foerster
-rhizotomy in chronic pain
-dermatomal overlap

Keegan & Garrett
-various diseases
-exam & surgical correlate: 53%

American neurosurgeon John Jay Keegan(1889-1978)
2/ Image
Definition

“area of skin in which sensory nerve derive from a single spinal nerve root”

- 31 spine segments
8C + 12T + 5L + 5S + 1 coccygeal
- dermatomes exist for each spinal nerve, except C1

3/
Read 25 tweets
Dec 9
Hereditary Ataxias!!!
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA)

“SCA1 …. the unstable CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion”

American geneticist Harry T. Orr

#MedTwitter #neurotwitter #EndNeurophobia #tweetorials

1/ Image
SCA definition

“complex group of heterogeneous degenerative diseases of the cerebellum and its connections”

2/
Worldwide distribution of SCA subtypes

21% SCA3, Brazil & Portugal
15% SCA2, India & Singapore
15% SCA6, Japan & Germany
6% SCA1, South Africa
5% SCA7, South Africa
3% SCA8, worldwide

<1% rare
SCA 10, SCA 12, SCA 14, SCA17

3/ Image
Read 18 tweets
Dec 8
Rabbit syndrome!!!

“a peculiar extrapyramidal reaction”

Canadian psychiatrist André Villeneuve
1972, the first report

#MedTwitter #neurotwitter #EndNeurophobia #tweetorials

1/
Definition

“stereotyped vertical, rhythmic movements, similar to the chewing movements of a rabbit”

5 Hz
Lips produce a popping sound
Not tardive dyskinesia!
- persist stage I sleep

2/
Pathophysiology

- cholinergic system?

3/
Read 15 tweets
Dec 5
Belly Dancer's Dyskinesia!!!

“first described by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1723 when he himself experienced the symptoms”

#MedTwitter #neurotwitter #EndNeurophobia #tweetorials

1/
Definition

“rhythmic, involuntary contractions of the diaphragm resulting in undulating, rhythmic movements of the abdomen resembling a belly dance”

-bilateral, most freq
-limited to axial musculature
-sometimes painful
-no suppress on breath holding
-150 contraction/min

2/
History

1723, Leeuwenhoek
- 1st report
- diaphragmatic flutter

1976, Nichols
- 1st report
- abdominal wall dyskinesia
- phrenic palsy in a newborn

1990, Iliceto
≠ diaphragmatic flutter

3/
Read 26 tweets
Dec 2
Jack-in-the-box tongue!!!

“The English Hippocrates”

English physician Thomas Sydenham (1624 – 1689)
discovered Sydenham's chorea

#MedTwitter #neurotwitter #EndNeurophobia #tweetorials

1/
Pathophysiology

“combination of chorea & motor impersistence”



2/
Definition

“unable to maintain tongue in protruded state and the tongue moves in and out”

3/
Read 20 tweets
Dec 1
Milkmaid’s grip!!!

“motor impersistence of the hand”

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Paracelsus Bombastus von Hohenheim (1493–1541)
(Paracelsus)
first coined the term Chorea Sancti Viti

#MedTwitter #neurotwitter #EndNeurophobia #tweetorials

1/
Pathophysiology

“combination of chorea & motor impersistence”

Motor impersistence
- inability to maintain tetanic muscle contraction
- positioning & compensatory repositioning
- independent of chorea
- linearly progressive (marker of disease severity?)
- frontal lobe

2/
Examples of motor impersistence

- Milkmaid’s grip
- inability to maintain eye closure
- ‘Jack in the box’ tongue

3/
Read 19 tweets

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