The #Righteous during World War Two
Jan Zwartendijk, the angel of Lithuania
A Dutch Consul saved more than 2,000 Jews' lives 1/n One day at the end of June 1940, Isaac Lewin and his Dutch wife Pessla, both Polish Jews, knock on the door
of a certain Jan Zwartendijk in the Lithuanian capital Kaunas. In addition to director of the Philips Lithuania branch, the Dutchman has recently also become deputy consul. Isaac and Pessla want to leave for fear of the advancing Nazis and Soviets. They cannot apply for a visa
for the Netherlands, because the Netherlands has also been occupied since May 1940. But Curaçao, still free territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, wouldn't that be an option? It is the beginning of an unknown exodus that would save the lives of more than 2,000 Jews.
Thanks to Jan Zwartendijk. Not the "Angel of Curaçao", as he was called in publications in 1963 and afterwards, but the "Angel of Lithuania". Because in that chaotic summer of 1940 in the capital Kaunas many lives of Jews in Lithuania could be saved
through his actions and that of his Japanese colleague Chiune Sugihara.
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December 11, 1944: The last gassing takes place at Hartheim eurhanasia centre 1/n In May 1940, psychiatrist Dr. Renno was deputy head of the Hartheim killing centre & its institution of Niedernhart. He checked the patients shortly before they were murdered in the gas chambers
2/n and was responsible for the introduction of gas.
As of October 1941, Renno headed the "children's ward" Waldniel/Süchteln. After falling ill with tuberculosis, he returned to Hartheim as its deputy director in 1943, where concentration camp prisoners were once again
3/n murdered in 1944.
After the war, Renno lived near Ludwigshafen & worked for the pharmaceutical company Schering. Only in the 1960s did he have to stand trial. He was not convicted: in 1975, the trial against him was shelved on account of his inability to stand trial.
Thursday December 11, 1942 1/n Twenty-seven-year-old SS-Hauptsturmführer Friedrich Charles Entress, a Nazi physician, begins working at Auschwitz I. He is an ethnic German of Polish descent. He is considered to be one of the most cruel Nazi doctors in the camp. He sends thousands
2/n of prisoners to death during selection, and sometimes, he executes the selected prisoners by injections himself and performs experiments on them. He always keeps a straight face; he sends people to their death without mercy. Often, his decision is made only after a fleeting
3/n glance at the person
Since the spring, or no later than from the summer of 1942, experiments are done on the prisoners. Usually medicine from pharmaceutical companies is tested on them. Doctor Entress takes advantage of Block 28 in Auschwitz I, which soon gains the notorious
Auschwitz December 9, 1942, Wednesday 1/n That evening, twenty-seven-year-old SS-Hauptscharführer Otto Moll chooses 300 Jewish men of the transport from the Mlawa ghetto that just arrived, and names them as the new Sonderkommando. He also replaces SS-Obersturmführer Franz Hössler
2/n 2/n in the position of commandant of Bunker II.
One of the prisoners new to the Sonderkommando is twenty-year-old Shlomo Dragon, as well as his twenty-three-year-old brother Abraham Dragon and twenty-one-year-old Eliezer Eisenschmidt. After the first day, Shlomo attempts
3/n suicide, Eliezer sometime later by taking 20 tablets of Luminal, which are sleeping pills. All three survive the camps and the war, and later provide valuable witness testimonies.
Another chosen inmate is thirty-two-year-old Lejb Langfuss, who becomes the chronicler and main
June 13, 2010, Theodor and Jarosława Florczak were recognized by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations. They saved little Dita from deportation ow.ly/mWXJ50JnWpb
1/n Shortly before the Bendin (Będzin) ghetto was liquidated in August 1943, Sara and Yehiel Gerlitz decided to separate from their daughter Dita in order to save her. Assuming they would never see their daughter again, they wrote a letter and handed her daughter over to the
2/n Florczak family. Sara Gerlitz put a photo of Dita in a small locket and managed to keep it with her even after her deportation to Auschwitz.
Sara and Yehiel survived the Holocaust and reunited with their daughter. They emigrated to Israel, from where they kept in touch with
2/n "the painters' studio". Bekeffi does not survive the deportation from the Dossin barracks, but leaves behind a “comic story” devoted to the daily life of the detainees in the SS assembly camp. Eleven drawings of the complete series have been preserved.
3/n In 1944 György Bekeffi makes a series of at least 13 drawings in colored chalk. They teach us more about the daily life of the Jews interned in the Dossin barracks. Striking is the attention that Bekeffi pays to the 'Flitzers': escapees who have been re-arrested and returned
Auschwitz - Sewing for survival 1/n For a group of 40 seamstresses imprisoned at Auschwitz, the ability to create high-end fashion meant the difference between life and death.
Amid the horror of the Holocaust, starting in 1943, a select group of hand-picked women were segregated
from their peers and set up in a workshop to create haute couture for the wives of Nazi camp officers. Their fame spread and wives from as far away as Berlin soon found themselves on a six-month waiting list for the Auschwitz seamstresses’ garments.
On February 14 last year,
Berta Berkovich Kohút — the “sewing circle’s” last survivor — died of COVID-related complications. She would have been 100 years old now.
“She was the last living person from among these dressmakers. She was in Auschwitz for 1,000 days and she always said she could have died