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Jul 12 9 tweets 3 min read
The #Righteous amongst us
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Jan Konstanski
How good neighbors overcame the flames of war

1/n At the age of 15, Jan never looked back. He risked his life to help Jewish friends who were his neighbors in his childhood.
This is a story about personal courage against all odds. Image 2/n Wladyslawa Konstanska lived in Warsaw with her son and 2 daughters. In 1940, they moved to an apartment building. There they became close friends of the Wierzbicki family who were Jewish.

Jan Kostanski (left) and Jakob Wierzbicki ride in a rickshaw in the Warsaw ghetto Image
Jul 12 7 tweets 3 min read
GEORGES HORAN-KOIRANSKY
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Georges Koiransky, born in Saint Petersburg (Russia) on November 25, 1894, arrived with his family in Paris in 1900. Naturalized French in 1925, he became an industrial designer at the aviator Farman. Image 2/n Arrested on July 11, 1942, Georges Koiransky was interned in the Drancy camp on July 12. He very quickly discovered the reality of this camp, made up of misery and tensions, malnutrition and idleness.
Very quickly noticed for his aptitude for drawing, Georges Koiransky met Image
Image
Jul 11 8 tweets 3 min read
"Black Sabbath"
11 July 1942, Salonika, Greece
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On the eve of World War II, approximately 77,000 Jews lived in Greece.  Some 56,000 of them lived in Thessaloniki. The Jews of Thessaloniki were prominent in the fields of industry, banking and tourism. Image
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2/n Many were laborers and artisans, and worked in the ports.
On 6 April 1941, the Germans invaded Greece, and they occupied Thessaloniki on 9 April.  The members of the Jewish community council were arrested, Jews' apartments were requisitioned, and the Jewish hospital was Image
Jul 9 9 tweets 2 min read
#OTD, July 9 1944, Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg arrived in Budapest. His arrival marked the start of a huge rescue operation. ⬇️ 1/n August 4, 1912. Diplomat Raoul Wallenberg was born in Lidingö, Sweden. He saved thousands of Jews from death in Nazi-occupied Hungary during the later stage of WW2 by issuing protective passports while serving as Sweden’s special envoy in Budapest between July & December 1944 Image
Jul 8 8 tweets 3 min read
#OTD July 8, 1944, Marianne Cohn, Jewish resistant, was tortured and brutally murdered by French militiamen.
She gave her life saving children.
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Her body would be discovered after the war. She had been arrested by the Gestapo for smuggling Jewish children into Switzerland. Image
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2/n Marianne and Lisette were sent in 1939 to the office of the EIF (Israelite Scouts of France) to be evacuated. After the outbreak of war, Marianne's parents were interned in the Gurs camp, as German citizens. She and her sister Lisa then went to Villefranche-de-Rouergue and
Jul 7 11 tweets 3 min read
Inge Auerbacher's doll
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When she was two years old, her grandmother gifted her with a very popular blonde-haired, blue-eyed Aryan doll that she named Marlene. Image
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2/n Inge was the only child of Berthold and Regina Auerbacher. The Auerbachers were religious Jews who lived in Kippenheim, a village in southwest Germany near the Black Forest. Inge's father was a textile merchant.
Jul 6 6 tweets 2 min read
1/n The Evian Conference of July 6, 1938, organised by President Roosevelt, had attempted to discuss the Jewish refugee problem, but no country was prepared to extend their quotas for immigration or contribute to a practical solution for Jewish refugees. Image 2/n In addition to this, the Nazis had increased the so-called Flight Tax, which taxed people emigrating from the country, making emigration even more expensive and therefore not an option for people of the working class. Despite these extensive barriers to emigration,
Jul 5 8 tweets 3 min read
Harry Haft: The Concentration Camp Boxer Who Fought To Survive
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Harry Haft was born Herschel Haft on July 28, 1925, in the small Polish town of Belchatów. His early years were unremarkable, spent in a working-class Jewish family, but his childhood ended abruptly Image 2/n when Nazi Germany invaded Poland in 1939. By the time Haft was 16, he had been separated from his family and sent to a series of concentration camps.
In 1942, Haft found himself imprisoned in Jaworzno, a subcamp of Auschwitz notorious for its cruelty. Image
Jul 4 6 tweets 2 min read
@auschwitzxhibit This was the first mass transport from camp Westerbork for Auschwitz on Wednesday July 15, 1942 1/n
The list was compiled in a hurry, because a transport from France had not departed as planned (that would become the Vel d'Hiver Roundup) and Reichsführer SS Image @auschwitzxhibit 2/n Heinrich Himmler was about to visit the extermination camp on July 17 and 18. As the figure of 962 deportees arriving by train from Amsterdam in Westerbork on July 15 was considerably smaller than the Germans had expected – they aimed to deport 4,000 Jews from the Netherlands
Jul 1 5 tweets 2 min read
28 June 1940: Hitler poses in front of the Eiffel Tower - but will never reach the top

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When German troops entered the city, the Eiffel Tower technicians decided to put up a little symbolic resistance. They deactivated the elevators, declaring them "out of order" Image 2/n due to a lack of spare parts, which officially could not be obtained due to the war. This meant that anyone who wanted to reach the top would have to climb over 1,600 steps.
When Hitler arrived at the foot of the Eiffel Tower, accompanied by his generals,
Jun 28 10 tweets 3 min read
Bilcze Złote, Poland, 1943
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"Darling Mother, don't be upset that I'm writing so little,
The man didn't have time to wait."

The Last Letter from 11-year-old Rivka Folkenflick Image 2/n Rivka-Regina Folkenflick wrote these words to her parents, Chana and Moshe, and her brother, David, from her hiding place, a short time before she was murdered.  Chana, Moshe and David survived.
Moshe and Chana lived in the city of Borszczów in the district of Tarnopol,
Jun 28 7 tweets 3 min read
The Lasi Pogrom - June 28, 1941
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On Saturday evening, June 28, 1941, Romanian and German soldiers, members of the Romanian Special Intelligence Service, police, and masses of residents murdered and plundered the Jews of Iasi. Thousands were killed in their homes and in the Image 2/n streets additional thousands were arrested by patrols of Romanian and German soldiers and taken to police headquarters.
Lazar Rozin, who was only fourteen years old in June 1941, describes:

The rabbi of the city carrying a Torah scroll on his way to a deportation train. Image
Jun 26 7 tweets 3 min read
The Hunger Winter of 1944-1945:
Hunger and cold in the Netherlands
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The liberation of the southern part of the Netherlands in the autumn of 1944 has dire consequences for the occupied western part of the Netherlands. The Dutch government in London calls for a major strike in Image 2/n rail transport to support Operation Market Garden on 17 September 1944. 30,000 railway employees are on strike. The trains don't run anymore until the end of the war. But as a punitive measure, the German occupiers blocked food transports to the provinces of North and South Image
Jun 13 9 tweets 3 min read
June 13, 2010: Theodor and Jarosława Florczak were recognized by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations.
They saved little Dita from deportation.

🧵 1/n Image 2/n Shortly before the Bendin (Będzin) ghetto was liquidated in August 1943, Sara and Yehiel Gerlitz decided to separate from their daughter Dita in order to save her. Assuming they would never see their daughter again,

Sara Gerlitz with Dita Image
Jun 10 7 tweets 3 min read
#OnThisDay, June 10th, 1944:

The Oradour-sur-Glane massacre
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Oradour-sur-Glane was the site of a particularly brutal atrocity during World War II. The entire village was destroyed and its inhabitants killed by German troops on June 10, 1944, exactly two years after a Image 2/n similar fate had befallen the Czechoslovakian village of Lidice.
In reprisal for Resistance attacks, an SS detachment of 200 men routed all 652 inhabitants from their homes and into the village square. A search for hidden explosives and an identity check were announced,
Jun 7 7 tweets 2 min read
#OTD Camp Vught - the children's transports
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On 6 June 1943, the first transport of children to Sobibór departed from Camp Vught in The Netherlands.
1300 children were sent to the gas chambers. Image 2/n In Camp Vught the children had already had a hard time. Children over the age of four were placed in separate barracks and rarely saw their parents, if at all. This was very hard for the children. Some children became rowdy, others very ill. Various contagious diseases were
Jun 5 4 tweets 2 min read
1/n On February 20, 1943, David Olère was arrested by French police, during a round up and placed in Drancy internment camp. On March 2, 1943, he was one of 1,000 Jews deported from Drancy to Auschwitz. From this transport, Olère was one of 119 people selected for work; the rest Image
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2/n were gassed shortly after arrival. He was registered as prisoner 106144 and assigned to the Sonderkommando at Birkenau, the unit of prisoners forced to empty gas chambers and burn the bodies, firstly working in Bunker 2, later in Crematorium III.
In addition to these duties, Image
Image
May 26 10 tweets 4 min read
1/n The Auschwitz Album is the only surviving visual evidence of the process leading to the mass murder at Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is a unique document, donated to Yad Vashem by Lilly Jacob-Zelmanovic Meier.
The date of this transport's arrival was the morning of May 26, 1944. Image
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2/n Taken either by Ernst Hofmann or by Bernhard Walter, two SS men whose task was to take ID photos & fingerprints of the inmates (not of Jews who were sent directly to the gas chambers). The photos show the arrival of Hungarian Jews from Carpatho-Ruthenia. Many of them came Image
May 24 7 tweets 2 min read
The Village Idiot
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Anton Sukhinski lived on the edge of society in the town of Zborow, Poland; no friends, no family; his home a rundown shack.
The townspeople called him “the village idiot”.
When the Nazis came, they immediately killed 1000 Jewish men, and herded the Image 2/n remaining Jews into a ghetto.
Amidst this chaos was the Zeiger family, just a mom and dad with two little boys, and two orphans they were attempting to save. They turned to their former neighbors for help, but could not find one willing soul.
May 20 9 tweets 3 min read
The Day in Jewish History the Jewish Community of Crete was Lost at Sea
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At dawn on May 20, 1944, the Jews of Crete were arrested by the German army of occupation. Most of them lived in the Jewish quarter, in the Old Town of Chania, and were taken to the prisons of Agia. Image 2/n They were held there in inhumane conditions, as described by their (non-Jewish/Christian) friends who tried to contact them. Many had nothing to wear other than the clothes they were in at the time of their arrest.
May 12 5 tweets 2 min read
1/n Richard Stern enlisted in the German Army as a teenager and was awarded the prestigious Iron Cross for his distinguished service during World War I.
Later, Hitler would send the Hanseatic Cross to Stern for his war merit not realizing Stern was a Jew. Image 2/n Starting in 1927, Stern looked after his sister Martha and became the legal guardian of her son Rudolf.
On April 1, 1933 the day Nazis launched the boycott of Jewish owned businesses, there is a famous image taken of Stern in front of his Cologne bedding store. Image