@auschwitzxhibit This was the first mass transport from camp Westerbork for Auschwitz on Wednesday July 15, 1942 1/n
The list was compiled in a hurry, because a transport from France had not departed as planned (that would become the Vel d'Hiver Roundup) and Reichsführer SS
@auschwitzxhibit 2/n Heinrich Himmler was about to visit the extermination camp on July 17 and 18. As the figure of 962 deportees arriving by train from Amsterdam in Westerbork on July 15 was considerably smaller than the Germans had expected – they aimed to deport 4,000 Jews from the Netherlands
Jul 1 • 5 tweets • 2 min read
28 June 1940: Hitler poses in front of the Eiffel Tower - but will never reach the top
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When German troops entered the city, the Eiffel Tower technicians decided to put up a little symbolic resistance. They deactivated the elevators, declaring them "out of order" 2/n due to a lack of spare parts, which officially could not be obtained due to the war. This meant that anyone who wanted to reach the top would have to climb over 1,600 steps.
When Hitler arrived at the foot of the Eiffel Tower, accompanied by his generals,
Jun 28 • 10 tweets • 3 min read
Bilcze Złote, Poland, 1943 1/n "Darling Mother, don't be upset that I'm writing so little,
The man didn't have time to wait."
The Last Letter from 11-year-old Rivka Folkenflick 2/n Rivka-Regina Folkenflick wrote these words to her parents, Chana and Moshe, and her brother, David, from her hiding place, a short time before she was murdered. Chana, Moshe and David survived.
Moshe and Chana lived in the city of Borszczów in the district of Tarnopol,
Jun 28 • 7 tweets • 3 min read
The Lasi Pogrom - June 28, 1941 1/n On Saturday evening, June 28, 1941, Romanian and German soldiers, members of the Romanian Special Intelligence Service, police, and masses of residents murdered and plundered the Jews of Iasi. Thousands were killed in their homes and in the 2/n streets additional thousands were arrested by patrols of Romanian and German soldiers and taken to police headquarters.
Lazar Rozin, who was only fourteen years old in June 1941, describes:
The rabbi of the city carrying a Torah scroll on his way to a deportation train.
Jun 26 • 7 tweets • 3 min read
The Hunger Winter of 1944-1945:
Hunger and cold in the Netherlands 1/n The liberation of the southern part of the Netherlands in the autumn of 1944 has dire consequences for the occupied western part of the Netherlands. The Dutch government in London calls for a major strike in 2/n rail transport to support Operation Market Garden on 17 September 1944. 30,000 railway employees are on strike. The trains don't run anymore until the end of the war. But as a punitive measure, the German occupiers blocked food transports to the provinces of North and South
Jun 13 • 9 tweets • 3 min read
June 13, 2010: Theodor and Jarosława Florczak were recognized by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations.
They saved little Dita from deportation.
🧵 1/n 2/n Shortly before the Bendin (Będzin) ghetto was liquidated in August 1943, Sara and Yehiel Gerlitz decided to separate from their daughter Dita in order to save her. Assuming they would never see their daughter again,
Sara Gerlitz with Dita
Jun 10 • 7 tweets • 3 min read
#OnThisDay, June 10th, 1944:
The Oradour-sur-Glane massacre
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Oradour-sur-Glane was the site of a particularly brutal atrocity during World War II. The entire village was destroyed and its inhabitants killed by German troops on June 10, 1944, exactly two years after a 2/n similar fate had befallen the Czechoslovakian village of Lidice.
In reprisal for Resistance attacks, an SS detachment of 200 men routed all 652 inhabitants from their homes and into the village square. A search for hidden explosives and an identity check were announced,
Jun 7 • 7 tweets • 2 min read
#OTD Camp Vught - the children's transports 1/n On 6 June 1943, the first transport of children to Sobibór departed from Camp Vught in The Netherlands.
1300 children were sent to the gas chambers. 2/n In Camp Vught the children had already had a hard time. Children over the age of four were placed in separate barracks and rarely saw their parents, if at all. This was very hard for the children. Some children became rowdy, others very ill. Various contagious diseases were
Jun 5 • 4 tweets • 2 min read
1/n On February 20, 1943, David Olère was arrested by French police, during a round up and placed in Drancy internment camp. On March 2, 1943, he was one of 1,000 Jews deported from Drancy to Auschwitz. From this transport, Olère was one of 119 people selected for work; the rest 2/n were gassed shortly after arrival. He was registered as prisoner 106144 and assigned to the Sonderkommando at Birkenau, the unit of prisoners forced to empty gas chambers and burn the bodies, firstly working in Bunker 2, later in Crematorium III.
In addition to these duties,
May 26 • 10 tweets • 4 min read
1/n The Auschwitz Album is the only surviving visual evidence of the process leading to the mass murder at Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is a unique document, donated to Yad Vashem by Lilly Jacob-Zelmanovic Meier.
The date of this transport's arrival was the morning of May 26, 1944. 2/n Taken either by Ernst Hofmann or by Bernhard Walter, two SS men whose task was to take ID photos & fingerprints of the inmates (not of Jews who were sent directly to the gas chambers). The photos show the arrival of Hungarian Jews from Carpatho-Ruthenia. Many of them came
May 24 • 7 tweets • 2 min read
The Village Idiot 1/n Anton Sukhinski lived on the edge of society in the town of Zborow, Poland; no friends, no family; his home a rundown shack.
The townspeople called him “the village idiot”.
When the Nazis came, they immediately killed 1000 Jewish men, and herded the 2/n remaining Jews into a ghetto.
Amidst this chaos was the Zeiger family, just a mom and dad with two little boys, and two orphans they were attempting to save. They turned to their former neighbors for help, but could not find one willing soul.
May 20 • 9 tweets • 3 min read
The Day in Jewish History the Jewish Community of Crete was Lost at Sea
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At dawn on May 20, 1944, the Jews of Crete were arrested by the German army of occupation. Most of them lived in the Jewish quarter, in the Old Town of Chania, and were taken to the prisons of Agia. 2/n They were held there in inhumane conditions, as described by their (non-Jewish/Christian) friends who tried to contact them. Many had nothing to wear other than the clothes they were in at the time of their arrest.
May 12 • 5 tweets • 2 min read
1/n Richard Stern enlisted in the German Army as a teenager and was awarded the prestigious Iron Cross for his distinguished service during World War I.
Later, Hitler would send the Hanseatic Cross to Stern for his war merit not realizing Stern was a Jew. 2/n Starting in 1927, Stern looked after his sister Martha and became the legal guardian of her son Rudolf.
On April 1, 1933 the day Nazis launched the boycott of Jewish owned businesses, there is a famous image taken of Stern in front of his Cologne bedding store.
May 11 • 4 tweets • 2 min read
1/2
“You’ve known for a long time that my greatest wish is to be a journalist, and later on, a famous writer. We’ll have to wait and see if these grand illusions (or delusions!) will ever come true, but till now I’ve had no lack of topics. 2/2
In any case, after the war I’d like to publish a book called The Secret Annex. It remains to be seen whether I’ll succeed, but my diary can serve as the basis.”
Anne Frank
Diary, 11 May 1944
May 10 • 6 tweets • 3 min read
Erich Kästner
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“I... saw our books fly into the twitching flames and heard the corny little tirade of the wily little liar. Funeral weather hung over the town. It was disgusting."
Erich Kästner about the book burning on Berlin's Opernplatz on May 10, 1933 2/n on May 10, 1933, university students burned over 25,000 volumes of “un-German” books, presaging an era of state censorship & control of culture. On the evening of May 10, in most university towns, right-wing students marched in
May 9 • 7 tweets • 3 min read
OTD, May 9, 1945, Theresienstadt was liberated
"For us the victory had come too late, much too late" 1/n When liberation came to Thereisenstadt, many hardly noticed. One moment the SS guards were there, and then they disappeared. “Our prison guards left us without a stir”, 2/n wrote Käthe Stark, “of which we were completely unaware.” Only a few days later, when the Red Army troops arrived, did the inmates really feel that they had been liberated. Yet for many survivors liberation was too much to bear. In an interview, one of the pioneers of
May 9 • 7 tweets • 2 min read
February 18, 1943 1/n Hans Scholl and his sister Sophie (born 9 May 1921) , the leaders of the German youth group Weisse Rose (White Rose), are arrested by the Gestapo for opposing the Nazi regime. 2/n The White Rose was composed of university (mostly medical) students who spoke out against Adolf Hitler and his regime. The founder, Hans Scholl, was a former member of Hitler Youth who grew disenchanted with Nazi ideology once its real aims became evident.
May 6 • 8 tweets • 3 min read
Carl Lutz - The Swiss man who saved tens of thousands of Jews 1/n Carl Lutz (30 Mar 1895 – 12 Feb 1975) was a Swiss diplomat who served as Vice-Consul in Budapest, Hungary, from 1942 until the end of the war. He is credited with saving over 62,000 Jews in a large rescue operation 2/n Lutz arrived in Budapest in January 1942 as Swiss vice-consul, and was put in charge of representing the Unites States, Great Britain, and other countries that had cut off ties with Hungary.
Weeks after the Germans occupied Hungary in March 1944, they began deporting Jews to
May 5 • 11 tweets • 4 min read
May 5, 1945. Mauthausen liberated 1/n August 8 1938, Himmler ordered a couple of 100 prisoners from Dachau camp to be transported to the little town of Mauthausen just outside Linz. The plan was to build a new camp in order to supply slave labor for the Wiener Graben stone quarry 2/n Until 1939, most of the prisoners were put to work building the camp and the living quarters for the SS. The main camp of Mauthausen consisted of 32 barracks surrounded by electrified barbed wire, high stone walls, and watch towers. Due to the immense number of prisoners that
Dec 15, 2024 • 7 tweets • 2 min read
Christmas - December 1944.
PRIMO LEVI was held at Auschwitz III (Monowitz)
Levi recounted the memorable Christmas of 1944 1/n Though they understood the war may soon be ending, Levi and his fellow prisoners knew nothing of their fate. 2/n So as December wore on and snow engulfed the camp and the factory where Levi worked, things both had changed and were the same as always.
Until Christmas: "It was a memorable Christmas for the world at war; memorable for me too, because it was marked by a miracle.
Dec 15, 2024 • 5 tweets • 2 min read
15th December 1941: 1/n The photographic evidence taken at the Skede Beach massacre Liepāja, Latvia. 2/n Photo: Jews from Liepāja on the dunes of the village of Šķēde, north of Liepāja, where they were murdered, 15-17 December 1941. The 2,750 victims were apprehended in Liepāja; after selection they were brought to Šķēde, where they were marched to ditches dug in the sand. They