2-way masking, with respirators, can stop transmission cold.
To stop transmission we need to bring Rt <1.
Masks are one important way we can reduce Rt.
The type of mask & it's impact on Rt makes a big difference.
SARS2 has evolved to be much more transmissible so we need much better masks, aka respirators.
It's pretty easy to see that 2-way masking is much more effective than 1-way masking.
It's also easy to see that 2-way respirators can easily bring Rt <1.
But that's just a model you say? How does that translate to the real world?
Well, Flu has a low R0 so it's easy to see the impact of masking.
Take Japan for example, Flu was virtually eliminated.
In the U.S., Flu also disappeared with masking, but of course it came back with the great unmasking of 2022.
In Canada, masking recommendation was introduced in spring 2020 by the feds & the provinces mandated masks.
SARS2 Wild Type had a modest R0 ~ 2.3 to 3.4 so masks worked well.
Cases remained low, peaking at about 1,000 cases per day but generally measured in the 10s & 100s.
In year 2, more transmissible variants arrived but so did vaccines.
Masks & vaccines together with an R0 for Alpha, Beta, Delta ~ 5 to 8 kept daily cases in the low 1,000s, peaking at 10,000.
And then came the spectre of Omicron, a tsunami in the making.
The Feds recommended upgrading masks to respirators in December 2021.
Public respirator demand increased 10-fold in December / January.
When Omicron hit it blew right through cloth & surgical masks with an R0 > 12, peaking at 350,000 cases.
At the same time, an anti-govt, anti-vax, anti-mask, "FREEDOM" movement erupted.
And provinces dropped mask mandates.
Since then daily cases have oscillated between 100,000 to 150,000 per day, something unfathomable in the beginning and largely unknown to the public today.
Officially we only report 1/50 to 1/100 the actual # of cases in Canada so how would the public know?
Unbridled transmission has led to the infection of 80% of the population in just one year.
And hyperendemicity.
And frequent re-infections.
And massive #'s of ppl with damaged immune systems.
And out-of-season diseases, multiple simultaneous diseases & severe disease cases.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) has called for universal respirator use in healthcare settings & when performing patient care outside of healthcare settings (eg – in the home) in the latest edition of CSA Z94.4, Selection, use and care of filtering respirators.
How you can help:
The draft CSA Z94.4 Standard is now out for Public Review until August 19, 2025.
Please weigh in with your positive, constructive comments at .
The draft Standard embodies the Precautionary Principle.
In the absence of risk analysis, N95s are required because healthcare spaces & activities involve daily HCW exposure to Risk Group 2 (RG 2) pathogens like Influenza and RG3 pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, often unknown.
hopefully we can all take the temperature down a few notches, after all, we're all trying to make the system better. 😊
Let's start with 20 ACH Laminar Air Flow (LAF) in ORs. Good idea from the 1960s & generally an improvement over lower airflows.
@alijzimmerman @naner81 @GhostOfSocrates @N0nyM00se @doctor_zeest Does it stop all airborne transmission?
Sadly, no.
Is it the best approach to stopping airborne transmission?
Sadly, no.
Does the medical community think it's the best approach to stop airborne transmission?
Sadly, yes. 😢
@alijzimmerman @naner81 @GhostOfSocrates @N0nyM00se @doctor_zeest First, several systematic reviews and comparative studies have shown that LAF is no more effective than Mixed Ventilation (MV).
Some comparative studies have shown MV to be superior
Because Hospital Acquired Infections are way too high & flash disinfecting air & surfaces immediately after occupancy, especially in hospital bathrooms, is a game changer for protecting patients (& HCWs) from exposure to pathogens
Because air and surfaces that are biologically clean don't transmit disease
I would be excited about this inhaled Covid vaccine being developed at McMaster if it was a traditional protein-based vaccine delivering a known volume of antigen(s) (similar to Novavax)