There was a tradition of Giving curse by inscriptions
In order to declare the grant or implement rules, it was said in the inscriptions that, whoever violate this grant or rules his mother will copulate with an animal
This type of inscriptions r called Gadhegal, Hattigal etc
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Marathi language has been used in the curse stones of Shilahara age
Let's see some examples
Aparaditya Shilahara's inscription from 1187 AD has a portion of curse in Marathi
The arrow of Vaidyanatha will fall on the entire family of whoever violates this grant, his mother will suffer an Intercourse with an A$$
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Another Gadhegal inscription of Aparaditya from 1184 has same curse with some minor difference
इये शासने लिखिता भाषा जो लोपी अथवा लोपावि या गर्दभेन, तेहाचिए मांए सूर्यपर्वे गर्दभु झवे इति विचार्य
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~ Whoever violate this Rule, he will become an A$$ and his mother will suffer an intercourse with donkey till the sun exists
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Shilahara Samanta Sihapa has used very harsh words in his marathi Gadhegal inscription, it says
"granting land to the Nagujesvara , one who plows this land will eat its grains. Whoever violates this rule will become an A$$, Dog & Chandala and will consume his own mother
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Ramchandradeva Yadava's Akshi Gadhegal inscription from 1285 mentions A$$ and Horse together with the depiction of Curse
तेहाचीये माएसी गाढौ घोडु...
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Maradadeva kadamba's Tuljapur inscription of year 1164 has different type of curse,
It mentions a practice of Donation of 2 Drammas of grain per month, if anyone obstructs this practice, he will become a dog
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Early Buddhists had a good knowledge of Ramayana and Mahabharata
In the Bhuridatta-Jataka the brothers of Naga king Bhuridatta , 'Arittha and Subhaga' discuss about the Kings of Ramayana and Mahabharata who used to perform 'Yajnas'
1]
Arittha gives example of Suryavanshi king 'Saraga' (सगर) who conquered the land upto sea shore
सागरान्त सागरो विजित्वा
He established a Golden Yupa in Yajna
युपं सुभं सोण्णमयं
Yupa is a sacrificial pillar of 'Pashuyaga' to which sacrificial animal was tied
See the carving
2]
Next Arittha mentions the Kings of Mahabharata
He says, Arjuna, Bhima and Sahasrabahu also performed Yajnas to attain the Godly position
Trayastimsa Heaven and the Ladder of Sankisa
(तांवतिंसलोक/त्रायस्त्रिंशा/तैतिस कोटी)
Trayastimsa Heaven is an important celestial realm in Buddhism, Buddhist literature is full of references to it
#Thread
1]
According to scriptures,Buddha ascends a celestial ladder to visit the Devalok to preach the assembly of 33 Gods in Trayastimsa-bhavana in the presence of lord Indra & Brahma
After giving sermon, Buddha descends to Sankisa on earth with the help of this ladder
[देवोरोहणवत्थु]
2]
The concept of 33 gods is the product of Vedic literature, in which Indra is the head of the assembly
But its prevalence among Buddhists may seem strange
However, the Buddha himself lectures on this in the Sanyukta Nikaya
[देवतासंयुक्तं, संयुक्तनिकाय]
Collection of Some inscriptions which mention Hindu varnas
Firstly the girnar rock edict of Ashoka mentioning 'Brahmana'
ब्राम्हणस्रमणानं
Ashoka has used different words for Brahmins like बम्हण, बाभन etc. But Girnar edicts contain pure sanskrit words like this
Secondly a Satavahana era Prakrit inscription from Kanheri caves mentions Two Kshatriya brothers 'Gajasena' and 'Gajamitra' who were Traders by profession
वाणिजकेहि..
खतियेहि भतुहि...
गजसेनेन गजमितेन...
The next inscription belongs to the great Satrapa king Rudradamana the famous Junagadh inscription.
It mentions Pusbyagupta the Vaishya Governer of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya