1/ If we'd only take inhalation dose of virus-laden aerosols seriously. In Canada - COVID-19 funding/person in 2020 was $770/person (much lower now). COVID-19 fatalities nearly doubled between Oct '21 and Oct '22. Wait for it ....
2/ A reasonable estimate at CA $6/student, just 0.8% of the $770/person a #CorsiRosenthalBox could have been placed in every single classroom in primary and secondary classroom in Canada.
3/ This would have likely reduced children and teacher inhalation dose of virus-laden aerosol particles by 50 to 80% depending on range of typical classroom sizes & CR Box use (air flow, fan).
4/ Cost estimates based on capital costs for materials, cost of replacement materials, and recurring energy costs (all averaged over teh 3 years of the pandemic) and normalized to an annual cost/student.
5/ Benefit estimates based on REAL data (published and soon to be published) on #CorsiRosenthalBox performance.
10. No brainer, folks - speaking to you, school districts across Canada & the US (& beyond). Highly accessible (low cost), open source technology that provides educational benefit & significant reduction in inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles. Just do it!
-10 for grammar. Please insert "for" before "just" and remove "classroom in". It shoudl be "every single priamry and secondary classroom in Canada"
By the way, the total cost to do this would be about $30M/year Canadian.
Even more typDohs! in my correction. Time to take a break. 🙄
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It's the holidays (primary candle season) & power outages are likely with a huge winter storm (usually meaning more candle use). While candles certainly provide for ambiance, spiritual cermonies, & lighting, they also emit.
2/ Candles are used extensively in US homes, i.e., approximately 70% of US homes with an estimated 1 billion pounds of wax used in US candles sold each year. Studies in Denmark show that in many Danish homes candles are the #1 source of indoor particles.
3/ Candles vary by type of wax (fuel), fragrance ingredients and load, type and composition of wick, colorants, and shape. The primary waxes used in candles consist of C20 to C40 hydrocarbons, long chain fatty acids and their esters.
1/ Vaccines are very important. But think about how many more lives would have been saved w/ proper communication & action (including personal) to also lower inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles.
2/ Significantly lower probability of infection by significantly lowering inhalation dose of virus-laden aerosol particles. And it ain't rocket science, folks. Never has been.
3/ Wear well-fit high quality (N95 or better) mask in indoor environments w/ others you do not know or trust (hate to use that word - but it is unfortunately relevant). This can lower YOUR inhalation dose by 20x or more vs no mask. Not foolproof, but HUGE risk reduction.
1/ SARS-CoV-2 concentrations are skyrocketing in wastewater across California. Results below for the Hyperion treatment plant that serves a large fraction of City of Los Angeles wastewater.
2/ Nobody should be surprised this is happening. When large swaths of the population let down their guard, travels & gathers w/ many others in indoor spaces for the holidays ... boom. Got some add-ons ahead w/ December holidays. Not looking like a kind January.
3/ It is not all that difficult to significantly reduce probability of infection by significantly reducing inhalation dose of virus-laden respiratory aerosol particles. Vaccinate to bivalent booster to reduce chance of severe outcome if infected.
1/ Some #CorsiRosenthalBox data courtesy of students in my 1st-year seminar course. They built 9 CR boxes that will be transported to a good cause in Sacramento in January (more on that in a future tweet).
2/ The class built CR boxes w/ four 20" x 20" x 2" MERV-13 filters & low-cost box fans. A 16" diameter shroud was used on each system.
3/ Students measured power demand (W) & static pressure drop (Pa) across filters. CADR was "reasonably" but not rigorously (experimentally) estimated. Air cleaner efficiency & $/CADR also estimated.
1/ Fun demos last night in my undergrad 1st-year seminar on indoor air quality. Lecture = indoor ozone chemistry. Follow-up demo of chemistry in action by mixing a little O3 w/ unsaturated hydrocarbons emitted by consumer products & measuring BURSTS of ultrafine particles (UFP).
2/ Image above = scented candle exposed to ozone w/ increase in UFP from 2,500 particles/cm3 to 370,000 particles/cm3. Similar results for a single orange herbal tea bag. Big winner = eucalytus oil, which pegged the UFP particle measurement at 500,000 particles/cm3.
3/ The ozone source is a small ozonation device that costs about $30 for use in refrigerators (advise against using for anything but cool class demos).
I have heard many say that MERV-13 filters do not work well for "tiny" or "small" particles. "Tiny" and "small" are subjective terms.
2/ Most filters have a minimum single-pass removal efficiency at a particle diameter of approximately 0.2 microns +/- a little bit that depends on particle density, shape, filter morphology change as it accumulates particles, etc ... but close to 0.2 microns.
3/ Above 0.2 microns the single-pass removal efficiency increases. But the single pass removal efficiency also increases for particles with diameters less than 0.2 microns as Brownian motion becomes increasingly important as a removal mechanism as diameter decreases.