#OTD 28 December, 1812, Macdonald reoccupied Tilsit, where he reestablished his communications with Königsberg and waited for Yorck’s Prussians.
The Cossack envoys carrying Diebitsch’s intelligence about Yorck narrowly escaped capture by the French vanguard. #Voicesfrom1812
Grandjean’s division was leading the way from to Tilsit.
At 10 p.m. on the 27th, this foremost French column of the X Corps entered the town and expelled from it a Russian force under Lieutenant Colonel Tettenborn.
(Hartwich, Segur)
“The astounded inhabitants told us that the Russians had been there for eight days and had conducted themselves perfectly,” noted Hartwich, seeing the strategic speck on the Russo-Prussian border, so readily evacuated by by the enemy, in a disconcerting tranquil.
On the 28th, the advanced guard of Grandjean, commanded by Bachelu, continued pursuing Tettenborn’s forces from Tilsit to Regnitz, while the main French columns under Macdonald joined Grandjean at Tilsit.
Here, the marshal called for a day’s rest while waiting for Yorck. (S)
Macdonald also reopened his line of communications with Murat’s headquarter in Königsberg. This rekindled his spirit:
“I informed General Yorck of the happy issue, and desired him to hasten his march; we had opened the way, and he might arrive the following day.”
(Macdonald)
En route to Regnitz, to the right side of Tilsit, the Prussian Leib-Husaren of Bachelu’s vanguard “had a clash with about 2,000 Kalmucks and a regiment of dragoons” belonging to D’Auvray. According to Hartwich, Bachelu “lost quite a few men” in the action.
(Hartwich)
During the seemingly unfruitful clash, they nearly seized the Cossacks carrying Diebitsch’s letter to D’Auvray.
“This letter, or rather scrap,” to cite Clausewitz, actually “contained an account..in French, briefly detailing how far progress had been made with General Yorck.”
Had the letter fallen into Bachelu’s hands, he would have sensed something other than fatigue in the Prussian officers’ complain, that “their vanguard marched unwillingly and carelessly, allowed itself to be surprised, and was thrown into disorder.” (Segur)
A stroke of luck, however, bypassed him, and instead landed on Uradnick, a Cossack officer who had fled with the letter.
Acceding to the Prussians’ clamor for respite, Bachelu entered Regnitz.
(Clausewitz, Segur)
During this time, Yorck was desperately sought after by both Macdonald and Diebitsch.
Then, at night, the latter ran into Clausewitz, just back from two days of frustratingly unproductive negotiation in Yorck’s heaquarter to obtain a categorical commitment from the general.
Diebitsch, looking “much discomposed,” broached the bad news to the young Major-that his letter to D’Auvray had been intercepted by the French at Regnitz, who were assuming Yorck to be marching after them from Tauroggen.
(Clausewitz)
Going “beside himself at the reflection of being chargeable with this misfortune to the Prussian,” he sent Clausewitz again on a shady mission.
With “supplicatory language,” the general urged him to “return immediately to General York, to make an honourable confession.”
“The commission was not a pleasant one, but the Author willingly undertook,” wrote Clausewitz.
But this day showed no lack of reversals; as soon as he opened the door, Uradnick broke into the room, panting out that “he had been attacked, and his people dispersed.”
(Ibid)
According to Clausewitz’s recollection, Diebitsch ran toward the messenger, creating a scene:
“‘And the letter?’ cried the General in haste.
‘It is here,’ quietly replied the Cossack, holding it out to the General. The latter fell on the neck of the Author, and wept.”
-The End-
Thank you for all the birthday wishes. Like Clausewitz I was saved from another all nighter today 🎂
#OTD 29 December, 1812, Macdonald held onto Tilsit, making every futile effort to hear back from Yorck.
At night, Clausewitz presented an ultimatum to Yorck at Tauroggen-to immediately swear his commitment or put his army at Wittgenstein’s disposal. #Voicesfrom1812
At Tilsit, Macdonald aimlessly waited for any dispatch from Yorck, who was supposed to be marching from Tauroggen. But his apprehensions multiplied as “the officers, and the orders which he sent them, were vainly multiplied; no news of Yorck transpired.”
(Segur)
The Marshal recounted the inklings of the impending betrayal:
“I sent in all directions after General Yorck. Two days previously he ought to have arrived at Taurogen to support my advance-guard, which had quitted it in the morning; they had no news of him.”
(Macdonald)
#OTD 27 December, 1812, Eugene and his IV Corps-the farthest away from their homes next to the Spanish troops-began settling into their winter quarters in Marienwerder. Coming in terms with the reality, Napoleon’s stepson cherished hopes for the coming year. #Voicesfrom1812
His army, consisting of the French, Italian, and Croats, had quickly left Königsberg for Marienwerder. These men were the southern European soldiers who amazed Larrey with their higher survival rate in the cold than their northern European counterparts.
(Larrey)
Before leaving Eylau on the 22nd, the Viceroy of Italy wrote to his beloved wife:
“My dear Auguste, I arrived here two hours ago, the King of Naples is going to establish his headquarters in Königsberg, I am going to Marienwerder;
#OTD 26 December, 1812, the advanced guard of Macdonald's corps carried out a forward flanking march, unintentionally making complete the final wedge between the French and Prussians of the X Corps. They, in turn, forged an ideal moment for Yorck's defection. #Voicesfrom1812
The X Corps, owing to the abundance of fur in Latvia and the commander’s unforgettable experiences in “the winter campaigns of 1794-95 in Holland, and more especially of that of 1800 in the Grisons, and when crossing the Alps,” looked remarkably well-clad. (Macdonald)
Macdonald had personally requisitioned “30,000 sheepskin pelisses from the Polish and Russian peasants” in exchange for “the skins of the sheep consumed” by his men. He attested that “[t]his wise precaution saved them from hunger and cold” of -27°C. (Ibid)
#OTD 25 December, 1812, on Christmas day, Poniatowski and all the Polish corps returned to Warsaw.
Near Koltiniany, the first round of peace negotiation, mediated by Clausewitz, was opened up between Yorck and Diebitsch. #Voicesfrom1812
Poniatowski was seriously wounded in Smolensk and remained inactive thereafter. Travelling on his carriage, he quelled boredom by reading an extremely absorbing book he had picked up in Moscow.
To our disappointment, its title remains unknown.
(Zamoyski)
It was already Christmas when he finally saw his homeland again. Driving an open sledge with his adjutant Arthur Potocki, the general still suffered from a nervous fever.
Countess Potocka, who witnessed his long-awaited return, stated that he was "one of the last to come back."
#OTD 24 December, 1812, Tsar Alexander held a belated celebration of his birthday in Vilna.
Kutuzov, in return for his victory at Krasny, was accorded the Order of St. George of the First Class and the title of the Prince of Smolensk. #Voicesfrom1812
The actual date of the Tsar's birth was 23 December, when he arrived in Vilna. But after observing the miserable condition of the field hospitals, Alexander refused any celebration, insisting that "dancing or even the sound of music could not be agreeable." (Wilson, Mikaberidze)
But Kutuzov shrewdly proposed that they make the best of the occasion to celebrate the Russian victory. After their successive victories, all festivities had been confined to singing Te Deums in St. Petersburg.
Alexander could not help but accede to his shifty request.
#OTD 23 December, 1812, Tsar Alexander reached Vilna on his 35th birthday. Forgoing celebration, he and Grand Duke Constantine set on rescuing the French prisoners stricken with disease. At the same time, he maintained that his campaign must be continued. #Voicesfrom1812
Alexander arrived in Vilna on Wednesday, just before daybreak. It had taken him four days of carriage ride from his Winter Palace through unabating snowstorm.
"The happy inhabitants," according to Lowenstern, brought horse-driven sledges to carry the entourage to the Palace.
It was the same castle in Old Vilna he, shortly followed by Napoleon, had stayed in during the summertime.
At its gates Alexander found the old Field-Marshal who, despite his age and gout, had been waiting for him in freezing weather.
(Lowenstern)