Prof Lennart Nacke, PhD Profile picture
Dec 31, 2022 25 tweets 3 min read Read on X
I learned 22 academic writing lessons the hard way.

Here they are to celebrate the end of 2022: ↓
But why listen to me?

- Built an online writing course for #chi2023 authors in 2022

- Have taught this writing course for 6+ years at conferences and other venues

- Over 27,000 citations to my research

- Publish 3+ papers every year at high-impact HCI venues
Alright, here we go.

Lesson 1

🔴 Academic writing isn't just about publishing.

🟢 Academic writing is a way to share your knowledge with the world.
Lesson 2

🔴 Only the accuracy and facts of your writing matter.

🟢 The clarity and precision of your writing reflect the depth of your thinking.
Lesson 3

🔴 Never challenge existing facts and conventional wisdom.

🟢 Don't be afraid to challenge conventional wisdom in your writing.
Lesson 4

🔴 Every insight comes from existing literature.

🟢 Every research question is an opportunity for new insights.
Lesson 5

🔴 You have to get your writing right the first time you submit.

🟢 Effective academic writing involves ongoing revision and improvement.
Lesson 6

🔴 The best academic writing is driven by format and impassionate writing style.

🟢 The best academic writing is driven by curiosity and a desire to make a difference.
Lesson 7

🔴 You write for your peers to build on your research.

🟢 Your writing should be accessible to a broad audience.
Lesson 8

🔴 You should use exotic terminology to make yourself sound brilliant.

🟢 Your writing should be clear and concise, not verbose or jargon-filled.
Lesson 9

🔴 Effective academic writing needs time crunch and a deadline.

🟢 Effective academic writing requires discipline and focus.
Lesson 10

🔴 Your writing should shake up existing content structures.

🟢 Your writing should be well-organized and logical, following the IMRD (introduction, methods, results, discussion) structure.
Lesson 11

🔴 You can frame your evidence even with non-credible sources.

🟢 Your writing should be supported by evidence and credible sources.
Lesson 12

🔴 You can water down all of your ideas to the basics.

🟢 The structure of your writing should reflect the complexity of your ideas.
Lesson 13

🔴 You don't need to proofread your manuscript, just get it done and submitted.

🟢 Effective academic writing requires careful proofreading & editing.
Lesson 14

🔴 Your results can just confirm existing research.

🟢 Maybe, but your writing should contribute something new to the conversation.
Lesson 15

🔴 Language does not matter as much as content.

🟢 The language you use in your writing should be appropriate, active, and professional.
Lesson 16

🔴 Great results require hyperbolic writing to state the importance.

🟢 The tone of your writing should be respectful and unbiased.
Lesson 17

🔴 You can always catch your mistakes in the camera-ready version.

🟢 Your writing should be free of errors and mistakes as much as possible for the first submission.
Lesson 18

🔴 You can write using the same style for different disciplines and fields.

🟢 Your writing style should be appropriate for your audience and purpose.
Lesson 19

🔴 Effective academic writing is not creative.

🟢 Effective academic writing requires a balance between formality and creativity.
Lesson 20

🔴 Your writing should just be formal.

🟢 Your writing should be engaging and inspiring.
Lesson 21

🔴 Writing is done alone.

🟢 Writing is a collaborative effort that involves feedback and input from others.
Lesson 22

🔴 Your writing should not have personality.

🟢 Your writing should reflect your passion and dedication to your field.
That's a wrap. Thanks for your time.

If you liked this, give it a RT and follow me @acagamic to learn more about games, UX research, and writing.

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More from @acagamic

Nov 3
After reviewing almost 100 papers for CHI,

I've noticed awesome research get killed on page 1.

Your paper has 8,000+ words.
Reviewers spend < 3 minutes to form an impression.

If they can't see why your work matters,
how you proved it, and what changes.

They reject it.

Most papers try to prove everything.
Everywhere.

Here's the 3R framework that wins best paper awards:The three Rs.
Every section serves ONE purpose:

Relevance: Why this study matters now.
Reasoning: How you built and tested it.
Resolution: What changes from your work.

Never all three at once.
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Your intro answers one question:
Why should anyone care RIGHT NOW?

Not "this topic is important."
Not "previous research suggests."

The gap + problem that make your study urgent.
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Nov 1
Harvard just admitted their grading system is broken.

About 60% of grades are now As.

Two decades ago? Only 25%.

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Grade inflation is everywhere.

But Harvard's new report confirms what I've known:Grades don't measure learning anymore.
Evaluation systems are broken.

Well-intentioned pedagogy created perverse incentives.
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Harvard's median GPA hit 3.83 for the Class of 2025.
For the Class of 2015?
Just 3.64.

Since 2016, the median GPA has been an A.
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Oct 30
Rejected within 24 hours.

That’s how my academic journey really started.

My writing has never been the same since.
Here’s what I learned from 300+ submissions:

Too many papers get rejected instantly. rules of thumb
I still remember opening my inbox at 6 AM.
One line: "We regret to inform you…"
I’d spent six months on that paper.
I thought it was genius.

Well, turns out it wasn’t.
It was unreadable.

Why?
Simple mistakes in structure and style.

Here's what I learned from writing 100+ papers:

1. Your title has ONE job

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• State your conclusions
• Add key numbers

So, here's a fun thing I noticed:
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Oct 20
Most PhD students fail at research questions.

(I used to be one of them)

See, back when I started my research journey,
I thought coming up with research questions was luck.

Just throw something at the wall and hope it sticks.

Wrong.

After helping 100s of students with their research,
I've discovered a secret 4-step question formula:Image
1. Start with scope
Don't jump straight to questions.
First, outline your broad area in 1-2 sentences.

Example: "Virtual reality user interactions"
This gives you boundaries to work within.
2. Identify the gap & problem
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Make it obvious.

Example: "VR motion sickness during extended use"

• Look for contradictions in existing studies
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Oct 17
Top researchers publish 2x more papers.

More papers, faster defence, higher grant rates.
Same effort, double output.

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Here are 3 pillars of research superstars:
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Pillar 1: Cognitive Foundation
Your brain is your primary research tool.

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• Regular exercise for enhanced focus

Without this foundation, everything else crumbles.
Pillar 2: Strategic Focus
Clarity beats activity time and again.

• Saying no to non-essential commitments
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Oct 17
I submitted my first conference article at 26.

It failed for one reason:

I structured it like a conclusion, not a story. Image
I didn’t become a better writer with tricks.
I just learned to start with the problem.

My paper didn't get rejected due to too complex prose.
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The biggest difference here:
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Weak academic writing starts with the solution:

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Here's my research result.
Here's my methodology.

This forces readers to reverse-engineer.
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