It's rare to be able to see shockwaves in the exhaust of a jet engine without the aid of the afterburner being lit, but in this brilliant photograph they can clearly be seen.
The initially overexpanded flow of the exhaust adjusts to ambient pressure through a sequence of shock waves and expansion fans known as shock diamonds, normally requiring specialized optical equipment to see. ⤵️
First of all, what exactly is being asked here? 🤔 The fastest car on the grid is slowed (by increasing weight or decreasing power), and the slowest car on the grid is made faster by the same variables (less weight/more power). The race is ONLY between these four modified cars.
Since there's no limit to how much time a bad driver can cost you[1], we suggest using the best qualifying lap from each team as a metric for “pure” car performance. In Melbourne, this gives the following results: