There are gross elements in every historical aesthetic. Suits can be reduced to the rise of the Second British Empire. Ivy style is associated with privileges derived from inherited wealth. But when you dig deeper into these aesthetics, their histories are more complicated 🧵
The cowboy/girl aesthetic appeals bc it reference a type of American character: self-reliance, resourcefulness, practicality, optimism, and rugged individualism. You can trace this association back to Frederick Turner's thesis on the origins of American identity & polity.
Turner believed that Americans' experience on the frontier made them particularly self-reliant and uninterested in social hierarchies. It didn't matter if you were a titled Duke on the frontier, as every person had to survive. American politics and identity grew out of this
Of course, the thesis is problematic. Turner directly refers to Native Americans as savages, and pretends that frontier Americans just went westward and discovered land (rather than forcefully taking it). The cowboy is not just an independent character, he's sometimes violent.
Nonetheless, Turner eventually set the tone for a lot of storytelling in the 20th century. As historian William Appleman Williams wrote, Turner’s ideas soon “rolled through the universities and into popular literature like a tidal wave."
Nine years after Turner published his thesis, Owen Wister published The Virginian, the first Western novel. The Virginian is about a tall ranch hand with a deep personality and an ongoing romance with a frail East Coast woman who’s not used to the Wild West.
Being a virtuous character, this cowboy resists the temptation to run down his enemies but is eventually forced into a climactic gun dual. Sound familiar? That's because this storyline set the template for the Western film genre in the decades following.
Hollywood churned out hit after hit, each movie traveling along the same well-rutted road: Dodge City (1939), Red River (1948), Rio Grande (1950), Shane (1953), The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), and many more.
Eventually, the storyline became tired, the tropes too old, and the genre mostly burned out. In the 1970s, Native American protestors made Americans more aware of the problematic history of this country. This culminated in the Wounded Knee Occupation of 1973.
After that, filmmakers could no longer depict cowboys as virtuous heroes galloping into towns, dispensing justice, and acting as harbingers of civilization. They started to make Revisionist Westerns, like Django Unchained. But we no longer have that idealized man, as Tony notes
When people find themselves attracted to Westernwear, they are often drawn to the romanticized and sanitized version of this American history, first created by Turner and then propagated through novels and films. This makes it easy for many people to shoot it down.
But the cowboy/girl aesthetic is also so much more than this narrowly defined social history. Just as suits are more than the garb of imperialists and Ivy button-downs more than the shirt of rich preppy kids.
Many of the original cowboys were former slaves known as Exodusters who migrated along the Mississippi River. As some broke West, they also learned horse-handling skills from Mexican vaqueros and cattle-raising Native Americans.
In his book The Black West, William Loren Katz writes about Black cowboys, such as Bass Reeves (the real-life inspiration for The Lone Ranger), Bill Pickett (inventor of bulldogging), and Nat Love (a crack shot and cattle rancher whose life was a string of wild adventures).
According to some historians, the term cowboy was originally pejorative for black farm workers. Their white equivalents were known as “cowhands.”
Today, there are Native American rodeo competitions with regional associations in two nations and at least two national finals.
I once interviewed Donna Hoyt, who serves as the General Manager of the Indian National Finals Rodeo, the oldest organization of its kind. She says such events are natural since horsemanship has deep roots in Native American culture.
She told me: “They’ve inherited this lifestyle through their grandfathers and great-grandfathers. Today, they keep this Western heritage alive by participating in rodeos, Indian relay races, and other activities they’ve grown up doing.”
Derrick Begay is a Navajo team-roping cowboy from a reservation in Arizona. He grew up with nothing but was raised in the saddle. By the time he retired in 2020, he had won multiple titles and $1.2M. To people on his home reservation, he is a hero. To rodeo cowboys, he’s a legend
I love the Western aesthetic because it represents a sense of rugged optimism and self-reliance. Yes, it has a problematic history—just like suits and prep. But when you dig into those histories, you also see Black jazz musicians, Jewish tailors, and Lo Heads.
The cowboy/girl aesthetic is similarly rich and nuanced, more than its stereotypes. I love how you can wear a Western denim shirt with a tweed sport coat or trucker jacket (originally a ranch jacket) with jeans or fatigues. RRL makes otherworldly cardigans
Westernewar is great bc you can incorporate just one piece into a basic workwear wardrobe, like milsurp field jackets or double riders. Or you can get more directional with it, such as wearing cowboy boots or even Western suits (so good!!)
There's an argument here that city slickers like me are cosplaying in Westernwear. I'll leave that debate for another day, but I am generally fine with wearing stuff just because it makes me happy. I encourage you to explore. Westernwear is more than its simple stereotypes.
You can read more about this in a post I wrote a couple of years ago. It includes some practical suggestions on how you can incorporate Westernwear into your wardrobe. There are also videos of Charlie Pride and Flaco Jimenz singing. They are a must listen
Years ago, I used to visit a friend's home every winter holiday to meet up with his uncle (Uncle John). Uncle John was a lifelong Democrat from Arizona who wore denim shirts, sport coats, and Native American jewelry. We met up bc we both love to play chess.
Every Xmas holiday was the same: we'd meet up, exchange pleasantries, and then sit down for a game of chess on my tournament board. John was insanely good. The games lasted three hours. I would always be so tired at the end, we'd shake hands, and I'd go home to sleep.
Uncle John died a few years ago in a car accident, and my buddy gave me one of his bolo ties. I still don't know how to wear bolo ties, but this is a special item in my closet bc of my memories of John. Shows you can't reduce Westernwear to just "racists." John was a mensch.
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I think "fun socks" should be used judiciously, as a lot of what's worn today feels more childish than whimsical. IMO, most men should avoid them entirely.
But if you insist on wearing them, here are some suggestions on how to make them look less bad. 🧵
Any time this topic comes up, people invariably bring up George HW Bush, who was known to wear fun socks later in life. While I wasn't a fan of those socks, I agree that Bush was well-dressed. I also think when you reach a certain age, you have license to wear whatever you want
There are a few reasons why most outfits look bad with these sorts of socks. First, most men are not at that senior age where these socks become charming.
Second, most of these socks look like something you acquire by sending in a proof-of-purchase from a cereal box.
Most people think of black tie as the most formal kind of menswear, but technically speaking, it's semi-formal evening attire. Historically, men wore this kind of outfit to dinner or evening shows, such as going to the opera or ballet. Or celebrations such as NYE parties.
White tie is true formalwear. It differs from black tie primarily in how it requires a long tailcoat (black tie originated when men cut the tails off their coats to create a more casual garment for dinner). Also requires a white waistcoat, white tie, and wing collar.
If you're interested in bespoke tailoring and based in the United States, I have some trunk show announcements to share with you. Since Twitter recently changed their formatting options, I will be doing this as a thread. 🧵
Matthew Gonzalez
There's a long history of cross-border influence and immigration in tailoring, but as far as I know, Matthew Gonzalez is the first American to operate under his own banner on Savile Row. Born and raised in Southern California, he moved to London about twenty years ago to pursue a degree in bespoke tailoring from the London College of Fashion. Thereafter, he climbed the ranks — moving from undercutter at Thom Sweeney to cutter at Dunhill and eventually Huntsman, where he achieved his longtime goal of cutting on Savile Row.
Today, he runs his own firm, where he merges his California sensibility with his training in British bespoke craftsmanship. He recently told me he admires a photo of JFK staring out of a window. The President dressed in a dark worsted suit, white button-up shirt, and dark silk necktie, but everything about the photo looks very casual and relaxed. This, he told me, is what American style means to him.
Gonzalez cuts suits and sport coats inspired by that mid-century American tailoring, although he's adamant about not wanting the clothes to look like historical costumes. Thus, while the jackets have a soft, natural shoulder line, he sticks with front darts and prefers side vents (rather than the dartless front and hook vent characteristic of Ivy Style). The lapels have a moderate width and minimal belly (the curve sometimes distinguishing an older style of British tailoring). The garments are designed so they can be teamed with a dress shirt and tie, or something more casual such as a chambray button-up.
Given Gonzalez's penchant for slightly more relaxed, casual attire, it's no surprise that he also offers made-to-measure suede jackets, wool-cashmere shawl collar cardigans, and denim Western shirts (made without the contrast stitching, so they look more at home with tailoring). He's also one of the few bespoke tailors I've met who "gets it" when it comes to the polo coat, arguably the most iconic of American overcoat styles. Gonzalez tells me he thinks a polo coat should have letter box patch pockets, a half belt, gauntlet cuffs, an inverted back pleat, and a center button vent. But crucially, he also thinks the split-sleeves should be made with a lapped seam. To my eye, this makes the garment more casual and sporty—truer to its original roots—and allows the tailor to shape the sleevehead.
Consider Gonzalez if you share the same sensibilities: a love for classic American tailoring, but a suspicion of styles that are too anachronistic, and a bias towards clothes that feel more relaxed and casual. The point about Gonzalez using a split-sleeve with a lapped seam demonstrates that he takes care of details that may not occur to a client, but will be appreciated years down the road.
Taillour
In bespoke tailoring, there's a generally accepted rule that most clients would do well to observe: choose a company based on their house style and stay close to it. The term "house style" refers to the tailor's established methods, which combine to create clothes with a distinguishable fit and feel. Just as you wouldn't order burritos from a ramen chef, you shouldn't ask an English tailor for an Italian jacket (or vice versa).
Taillour is one of the few exceptions. Co-founder and head cutter Fred Nieddu has worked in the bespoke tailoring industry for decades, cutting for firms such as Thom Sweeney and even teaching pattern drafting courses at the London College of Fashion. A good percentage of his current workload involves making clothes for films and TV shows. In fact, you may have seen his creations. He made all the menswear for the Netflix series The Crown, the suits in the film The Phoenician Scheme, and one of the colorful costumes for Wonka. Given this experience, he's more flexible than most tailors regarding what he's willing and able to make.
Still, I think it's always a good idea to stay close to the house style. I think of Taillour's house style as very soft but architectural in its lines. Nieddu uses a full body canvas and only a bit of laptair near the wearer's collar bone to prevent the jacket from sinking. The shoulders are minimally padded, giving the garments a very light feel. While Neapolitan tailors are known for a similar construction, Taillour's jackets have a bit more room and shape. The shoulder line is very straight, and the chest is slightly full. When combined with those characteristically straight lapels and larger jacket collar, I find Taillour's jackets have an angular appearance reminiscent of Apparel Arts drawings.
Consider Nieddu if you want a tailor who's a bit more flexible in terms of what they're willing to make (although, again, I recommend tweaking at the margins, not bringing in a photo of something and asking for it to be copied). He has also made clothes for women, which will be useful if you're looking for someone who can make a women's suit, sport coat, or overcoat.
Summer is around the corner and soon you'll read a bunch of tweets about how every man should have a pair of loafers.
I don't think anyone needs anything, but if you're shopping for a pair, let me show you how to think about loafers. This applies to any wardrobe item. 🧵
When it comes to choosing loafers, a simple answer will go something like this: "Such-and-such brand makes the best pairs." Or "Here's a hierarchy of loafers." IMO, such approaches are reductive and often devolve into trend or status pursuits.
Let me show you another approach.
As always, it's helpful to start at the beginning.
There are a few origin stories for loafers, but most lead back to Norway. If menswear lore is to be believed, then the penny loafer comes from a simple slip-on shoe known as the teser, which was once worn by Norwegian peasants.
Someone asked if I could tell them where to buy a pair of good chinos. In this thread, I will tell you, but my answer is not simple. On the upside, I think this is a better approach when shopping for clothes and you can apply it to any kind of item. 🧵
A simple answer will go something like this: "Such-and-such makes the highest quality chinos." Or "this brand provides the best value." While potentially useful in some respects, I don't think this gives you the fullest picture.
Instead, let's start at the beginning.
During the 1898 Spanish-American War, US troops stationed in the Philippines wore sand-colored pants made from a heavy cotton twill woven in China. Since the Philippines had been under Spanish colonial rule at this time, the locals call these "pantalones chinos" (Chinese pants).
One day, "It" will happen, by which I mean sudden and unexpected news that you want to celebrate. In such cases, you will want the right outfit. 🧵
What do I mean by "It?" I mean that joyous moments are not always something you can plan for. Perhaps you received a pay raise or got accepted at a waitlisted school. Perhaps a loved one is now cancer-free. Such moments can be sudden and unexpected — and you want to be prepared.
Of course, you can always celebrate in the same clothes you wear to bed. But IMO, this diminishes the moment. Thus, it's nice to special outfits for "It," even if you don't wear them all the time. It's similar to toasting a special glass of champagne and drinking water.