There are gross elements in every historical aesthetic. Suits can be reduced to the rise of the Second British Empire. Ivy style is associated with privileges derived from inherited wealth. But when you dig deeper into these aesthetics, their histories are more complicated 🧵
The cowboy/girl aesthetic appeals bc it reference a type of American character: self-reliance, resourcefulness, practicality, optimism, and rugged individualism. You can trace this association back to Frederick Turner's thesis on the origins of American identity & polity.
Turner believed that Americans' experience on the frontier made them particularly self-reliant and uninterested in social hierarchies. It didn't matter if you were a titled Duke on the frontier, as every person had to survive. American politics and identity grew out of this
Of course, the thesis is problematic. Turner directly refers to Native Americans as savages, and pretends that frontier Americans just went westward and discovered land (rather than forcefully taking it). The cowboy is not just an independent character, he's sometimes violent.
Nonetheless, Turner eventually set the tone for a lot of storytelling in the 20th century. As historian William Appleman Williams wrote, Turner’s ideas soon “rolled through the universities and into popular literature like a tidal wave."
Nine years after Turner published his thesis, Owen Wister published The Virginian, the first Western novel. The Virginian is about a tall ranch hand with a deep personality and an ongoing romance with a frail East Coast woman who’s not used to the Wild West.
Being a virtuous character, this cowboy resists the temptation to run down his enemies but is eventually forced into a climactic gun dual. Sound familiar? That's because this storyline set the template for the Western film genre in the decades following.
Hollywood churned out hit after hit, each movie traveling along the same well-rutted road: Dodge City (1939), Red River (1948), Rio Grande (1950), Shane (1953), The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), and many more.
Eventually, the storyline became tired, the tropes too old, and the genre mostly burned out. In the 1970s, Native American protestors made Americans more aware of the problematic history of this country. This culminated in the Wounded Knee Occupation of 1973.
After that, filmmakers could no longer depict cowboys as virtuous heroes galloping into towns, dispensing justice, and acting as harbingers of civilization. They started to make Revisionist Westerns, like Django Unchained. But we no longer have that idealized man, as Tony notes
When people find themselves attracted to Westernwear, they are often drawn to the romanticized and sanitized version of this American history, first created by Turner and then propagated through novels and films. This makes it easy for many people to shoot it down.
But the cowboy/girl aesthetic is also so much more than this narrowly defined social history. Just as suits are more than the garb of imperialists and Ivy button-downs more than the shirt of rich preppy kids.
Many of the original cowboys were former slaves known as Exodusters who migrated along the Mississippi River. As some broke West, they also learned horse-handling skills from Mexican vaqueros and cattle-raising Native Americans.
In his book The Black West, William Loren Katz writes about Black cowboys, such as Bass Reeves (the real-life inspiration for The Lone Ranger), Bill Pickett (inventor of bulldogging), and Nat Love (a crack shot and cattle rancher whose life was a string of wild adventures).
According to some historians, the term cowboy was originally pejorative for black farm workers. Their white equivalents were known as “cowhands.”
Today, there are Native American rodeo competitions with regional associations in two nations and at least two national finals.
I once interviewed Donna Hoyt, who serves as the General Manager of the Indian National Finals Rodeo, the oldest organization of its kind. She says such events are natural since horsemanship has deep roots in Native American culture.
She told me: “They’ve inherited this lifestyle through their grandfathers and great-grandfathers. Today, they keep this Western heritage alive by participating in rodeos, Indian relay races, and other activities they’ve grown up doing.”
Derrick Begay is a Navajo team-roping cowboy from a reservation in Arizona. He grew up with nothing but was raised in the saddle. By the time he retired in 2020, he had won multiple titles and $1.2M. To people on his home reservation, he is a hero. To rodeo cowboys, he’s a legend
I love the Western aesthetic because it represents a sense of rugged optimism and self-reliance. Yes, it has a problematic history—just like suits and prep. But when you dig into those histories, you also see Black jazz musicians, Jewish tailors, and Lo Heads.
The cowboy/girl aesthetic is similarly rich and nuanced, more than its stereotypes. I love how you can wear a Western denim shirt with a tweed sport coat or trucker jacket (originally a ranch jacket) with jeans or fatigues. RRL makes otherworldly cardigans
Westernewar is great bc you can incorporate just one piece into a basic workwear wardrobe, like milsurp field jackets or double riders. Or you can get more directional with it, such as wearing cowboy boots or even Western suits (so good!!)
There's an argument here that city slickers like me are cosplaying in Westernwear. I'll leave that debate for another day, but I am generally fine with wearing stuff just because it makes me happy. I encourage you to explore. Westernwear is more than its simple stereotypes.
You can read more about this in a post I wrote a couple of years ago. It includes some practical suggestions on how you can incorporate Westernwear into your wardrobe. There are also videos of Charlie Pride and Flaco Jimenz singing. They are a must listen
Years ago, I used to visit a friend's home every winter holiday to meet up with his uncle (Uncle John). Uncle John was a lifelong Democrat from Arizona who wore denim shirts, sport coats, and Native American jewelry. We met up bc we both love to play chess.
Every Xmas holiday was the same: we'd meet up, exchange pleasantries, and then sit down for a game of chess on my tournament board. John was insanely good. The games lasted three hours. I would always be so tired at the end, we'd shake hands, and I'd go home to sleep.
Uncle John died a few years ago in a car accident, and my buddy gave me one of his bolo ties. I still don't know how to wear bolo ties, but this is a special item in my closet bc of my memories of John. Shows you can't reduce Westernwear to just "racists." John was a mensch.
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It's a lot easier to understand fashion/ clothing if you think of it in terms of social language, not purely in terms of function or artistic expression. I will give you some examples. 🧵
Have you ever wondered why there's this buttonhole on a jacket's lapel? Or really, suit jackets and sport coats have lapels at all? The lapels seemingly serve no practical function and yet take a bit of fabric and skill to make.
The answer is in the garment's history.
The lapel's buttonhole is a vestigial detail from when sport jackets could be buttoned up all the way up to the neck to protect the wearer from blustery cold. Here, we see single and double-breasted coats with what's known as a Ghillie collar.
Some quick reactions to the menswear outfits seen tonight at the Golden Globes show. Please note that none of these comments are personal. I'm just reacting to the outfits. 🧵
IMO, Daniel Craig's outfit has too much velvet. Compare him to Hiroyuki Senada, who wears a similar outfit but ditches the vest. I think this improves the look, as black velvet can suck up a lot of light. The white shirt here provides some needed contrast.
Not a fan of these unusual double-breasted jackets made with one or two button closures. I don't think it improves on the traditional design. The lapels are also too narrow for his frame and the shoes are too inelegant for the outfit.
I said "one of the most," not "the most." But I'm happy to explain why Kapital has been *one of the most* creative, fun, and interesting menswear brands in the last twenty years. Hopefully this thread inspires you to explore the world of offbeat Japanese workwear. 🧵
In 1985, Toshikiyo Hirata built a clothing factory in Kojima District, Okayama, an area known as Japan's denim capital (hence the brand's name). He had just spent time in the US, where he fell in love with vintage jeans, so he wanted to make American workwear using Japanese craft
In 2002, his son Kiro Hirata joined the company. Kiro is immensely creative and borrows heavily on Americana, workwear, and counter-cultural movements. He uses familiar archetypes: the hippie, surf bum, war vet biker, rock star, etc. But designs feel psychedelic.
The first and most obvious is that taste is a social construct shaped by forces such as cultural and financial capital. As Pierre Bourdieu pointed out in his book Distinction, our notions of "Good Taste" is often nothing more than the preferences and habits of the ruling class.
In this sense, judgements of taste tend to be path dependent. Dress shirts are considered to be in "good taste" when they're white or light blue for no other reason than the fact that's what elites wore. Black dress shirts are associated with the lower, sometimes criminal classes
Like a lot of stuff in classic men's dress, the rule of "no white after Labor Day" is rooted in class dynamics during the early 20th century. Many questions can be answered by "what is the aesthetic?" and "who set the rules?" 🧵
During the early 20th century, men's dress was governed by TPO (time, place, and occasion). In England, where we get many of our rules, men did business in London while wearing navy suits and black oxfords. But when in the country, they wore brown tweeds and grained derbies.
This is where we get the rule "no brown in town." The idea was that you were not supposed to wear brown tweeds and brown grained derbies while doing business in London (a rule that held pretty firmly until relatively recently, at least for sectors like finance).
When people think of menswear crafted with a high-degree of workmanship, they think of places such as France, Italy, and the UK. Some may think of Japan. But few will think of India, even though some of the most incredible workmanship is happening there now. Let me show you. 🧵
This thread starts with a premise: quality workmanship speaks for itself regardless of where it's done. Often, people's view of "quality" is colored by where a garment was made. Robert Schooler showed this in a 1965 paper published in Journal of Marketing Research.
As you read this thread, I want you to keep in mind the stories you may have read about European craftsmanship. These stories inspire awe because they're about skilled labor and dedication to one's trade. We should be in no less awe when the same craft happens in India.