Sphinx (face of human and body of lion or other animal) or Purush Singha was popular way of probably representing figure of royalties or kingship in Egypt and India and even Mesopotamians. This thread capture such instances of Purush Singham from India.
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Keith 1914 translates Purushamriga Chandramase as 'The Human-Beast to the Moon' YV-II.5.5.14 but we will call such figures Purush Singham for sale of simplicity and uniqueness.
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These 4500 years old Harappan seals with depictionof Nari Singham or anthropomorphic figures with face of a human mostly female and body of a beast (mostly tiger) are probably of a queen/King/royalty.
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This Pair of Purusha Singha guard the entrance of the Shri Shiva Nataraja temple in Chidambaram, India. Male and female,
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Purush Singham and Nari Singham on a pillar of Shri Airavateshvara temple in Darasuram
12th cent. CE
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Pair of Purush Singham in Shri Sarangapani temple in Kumbakonam
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Seated sphinx among the sculpture of the Krishna cave in Mamallapuram
Granite
8th century
Approximately 85 cm high
Photo by Raja Deekshithar, 25 July 2005
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Walking Purush Singham
Shri Shiva Nataraja temple
12th century
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Purush Singham from the wall of the Shri Varadaraja Perumal temple in Tribhuvanai near Pondicherry
1000 CE
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Purush Singham ? and Bhima from the
Mahabharata and the judgment by Dharmaraja Yudhistira in the Shri Airavateshvara temple in Darasuram
Granite
12th century
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Purush Singham worshipping a Shiva Linga South Gopuram of the ??? temple in Villianur, Puducherry
15th century
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Purush Singham worshipping a Shiva Linga, South gopuram of the Shri Arunachaleshvara temple in Tiruvannamalai
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Purush Singham in standing upright posture
Shri Subrahmania shrine, Rajarajeshvara temple in Tanjore
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Purush Singham depicted on the base of the Vishnu shrine in the temple of Tirumalai in Kanya Kumari district
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Sad, some of the temple are only 400 years old with these purush Singham sculptures and yet we can only guess about their meaning. There are no expert of the subject matter left it seems. This thread is from my own research and opinions. Pics taken from respective owners
Just to clarify
Purush Singham has manly face and lion body
Narsimha has a lion face and human body.
In ancient times, Gods were depicted with animal faces and human bodies while Kings were depicted with human faces and animal bodies.
So not to be confused
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Purush Singha from Harappan Period
This Anthromorph figure of composite animal and humanly may be precursor of Early Purush Singha (Depiction of a King) #Archaeology
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1️⃣ A 10,000 BCE cave painting just cracked open India's migration mystery
Bhimbetka artists drew a two-horned rhino. The species never lived in central India.
But before we decode ancestral memory, let's talk about colonial amnesia.
Before 1800, approximately 20,000 rhinos roamed Bengal and Assam.
By 1908? Barely 200. 🦏💰
#Decolonisation
2️⃣ British trophy hunting didn't just reduce numbers. It systematically erased a species from entire geographies.
Major-General Richard Carnac killed 30 rhinos in a single year near Purnea, Bihar, 1780s. Sport, they called it. Extinction engineering, more accurately.
Each horn fetched £100-150 in Victorian markets. Aphrodisiac myth met colonial greed.
3️⃣ The Bhimbetka paintings now make perfect sense.
Austroasiatic peoples migrated from Southeast Asia through Indonesia-Thailand-Myanmar around 10,000 years ago—the exact route Sumatran rhinos took. They carried ancestral memory of two-horned creatures, painted them centuries later at Bhimbetka.
January 2024: Tamil Nadu excavations at Molapalayam unearth 3,600-year-old rhino bones. First direct evidence of Indian one-horned rhinos in deep South.