The Brihadeshwarar Devalaya was founded by the Tamil emperor Arulmozhivarman, popularly known as Rajaraja Chola I, in 1002 CE. It was the first major building project of the great Tamil Chola dynasty.

Inspired by Shaivism, the temple stands as a significant testament to this tradition.

The frescoes on the Devalaya walls were damaged due to exposure to smoke and camphor. The Tanjore Nayak replaced the damaged paintings with their own. Later, @ASIGoI repaired the paintings. However, a few of the original artworks have begun to reappear.

1/16 This exquisite fresco, dating back over a millennium, vividly captures the grace of two female and one male dancer in a mesmerizing performance. Nestled within the revered Brihadeshwarar Devalaya in Tamil Nadu, this ancient artwork reflects the region's rich cultural heritage and the timeless allure of classical Indian dance traditions.

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Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu, and other gods and goddesses blessing Guru Nanak Ji as a child

Paiting at Baba Atal Gurdwara, Amritsar.

Bābakalasī Gurū Nānak Jī Nali'ā Paḍata | ਬਾਬਕਲਸੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਜੀ ਨਲਿਆ ਪੰਡਤ (Translated using Google Translation. Please correct me if there are any errors).

1/5 Another wall painting were Hindu God and GOdesses are praying before Gurudwara

"Sansarik" is imprinted on the cow. Can someone elaborate its significance.

Paiting at Baba Atal Gurdwara, Amritsar.

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In 1770, the British Invasion on Australia's native territories, along with the determined original Australian opposition, was thoroughly documented by both James Cook and Joseph Banks, the British botanist who journeyed with the Endeavour expedition. In his journals, which can be found on the State Library of NSW website, Banks described the efforts of Aboriginal fighters to block the expedition's landing at Botany Bay. Cook similarly recorded the armed resistance to the British landing party, writing in his journal on April 30, 1770, that "all they seem'd to want was for us to be gone."

The Ṛgveda is believed to originate from the early 3rd millennium BCE., with some hymns possibly tracing back to the late 4th millennium BCE.

Its compilation likely ended around 1500 B.C., not in 1500 BCE as commonly believed, just as the Indus Valley civilization was fading and Mesopotamia was undergoing a time of uncertainty and turmoil (Levitt 2003: 356b).

Here in this thread, a commonality between Sumerian and Bhartiy text.

1/7 The argument links an Indo-European view with the Vedic origin of the god Indra's name from the Sanskrit "indh-" meaning "to kindle." However, this doesn’t explain all of Indra's traits, which resemble those of the Sumerian god Enlil.

Both Indra and Enlil lead their pantheons, surpass higher moral gods, separate heaven from earth, and are storm gods in both literal and figurative senses. Indra's defeat of Aryan enemies parallels Enlil's conquests.

In Vedic and 3rd millennium B.C. Sumerian traditions, major natural forces were personified. Both have chief gods of air and storm—Indra for the Vedic and Enlil for the Sumerian—showing the significance of rain and storms in their cultures (Dandekar 1958: 13, Jacobsen 1949: 150). This connection is clear.

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Have you ever wondered why the topic of dinosaurs in India seems absent from common knowledge?

In truth, dinosaurs thrived in the Indian peninsula 250 to 65 million years ago, and they were unlike any others seen globally.

Sadly, many people, including myself, aren't aware of this, which is why I'm sharing this #thread.

1️⃣ The very first dinosaur discovery, Titanosaurus Indicus, unearthed from the Deccan Traps in Jabalpur, dates back to 1832 and is 70 million years old. After vanishing in 1877, it made a dramatic comeback, resurfacing in the Shiwalik Gallery of the Indian Museum.

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IMO, History is variable and rewritten by the rulers.

In this series here's a brief thread on an expected spurt of Krishna and Radha's relationship following the Mongolian incursion. The artwork, largely from Kangra, Sirmaur, and Mandi, portrays Krishna observing Radha, glancing at other gopis, or caught in moments of affection.

Take a couple of minutes to explore this intriguing twist. If you believe that these scene are from any epic pl do share

#Thread 🧵 Pic representational This earliest find is after Akbar started interpolation.

In the scene,
- Krishna Kisses Radha.
- The crown are typical marriage crown during the period.
- There are persian vases placed in the back and front of the scene

The Page from the Boston Rasikapriya (Lover's Breviary)
India (Rajasthan, Amber?)
ca.1610 (Mughal rule)

Regardless of the patent under the name Ludo by Britisher Alfred in 1896, Pachisi (25) has been played in India for over 5000 years. #Archaeology uncovers cultural appropriation.

Bhanpur (3000 bce), Banawali Haryana (3000bce), Chandraketugarh (200 bce), Modern in 1938, the American toy and game company Transogram launched a widespread board game edition titled Game of India, which was subsequently advertised as Pa-Chiz-Si: The Game of India

Critical analysis of a Market Scene in Rua Direita, Goa 1596 ce, roughly after 100 years of exploitation by the Portuguese.

Very important and rare view in the past of Goa after 30 years of Goa inqu!s!tion.

#Archaeohistories

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https://twitter.com/GemsOfINDOLOGY/status/1891359451854381320

There appears a native woman upper selling goods to seemingly a converted. The contrast between the converted and native is startling. However, both seems to be from poor class.

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Thread exploring the tradition of 'Nose-Piercing in India. Some believe it's inherently Indian, although it was actually foreign to Indian customs 1000 years back. Let's dive in.

Female Beauty #Archaeohistories

1/14 The first mention of nose-ring (for nose piercing) is in Old Testament when Abhraham's servant gives his daughter-in-law 'Rebekah' a golden nose-ring ("Shanf" in Hebrew). This practice of gifting rings to brides continues even today.

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Matrimonial connection between ancient Greece and modern India

The similarities between these two civilizations are striking, from fathers arranging marriages for their daughters to wedding rituals spanning several days.

Vases dating back to 500-400 BCE found in Greece and artifacts from 200 BCE-200 CE found in Chandraketugarh, Bengal hint at a connection.

Let's begin

#Thread #bookmark #Retweet

1/17 Preparation for marriage | Finding the groom

A woman's guardian, or kyrios, was responsible for arranging her marriage, as she couldn't legally do it herself. She likely had some social contact with her future husband. Marriages within extended family groups, such as first cousins, uncles and nieces, second cousins, or half-siblings, were common.

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Neglect Threatens Bagh Caves Artwork

While @ASIGoI established by Britishers preserving Graveyards, the descendent of Ajanta, the Bagh Caves in Madhya Pradesh, a series of fifth-century rock-cut caves adorned with exquisite Buddhist murals, are facing severe neglect despite their historical and cultural importance. Once vibrant with intricate artwork tied to the Ajanta school, the caves now suffer from water seepage and a lack of proper maintenance, putting the remaining wall art at risk of permanent damage.

Although these caves played a significant role in India's art history—the site today receives minimal tourist attention and no substantial preservation effort. Local authorities have voiced intentions to promote tourism around the caves, but immediate and focused conservation efforts are critical to prevent further deterioration of this invaluable heritage site. @MinOfCultureGoI @narendramodi @DrMohanYadav51 @JansamparkMP @CMMadhyaPradesh @UNESCO A veena player. The original Bagh Cave paintings were made in tempera using mineral colours from ochre, clay, chalk, kaolin line, lamp-black, gypsum green glauconite, and lapis lazuli.

Small #Thread on YG Srimati, who revitalized Indian classical painting, challenging the British replica tradition. She and her peers ignited a new Indian art movement with their innovative approaches.

As a young, educated supporter of India's independence, Srimati was a talented artist and musician. In 1946, she sang devotional songs at independence rallies in Chennai, supporting Mahatma Gandhi's vision of cultural unity.

Y.G. Srimati with Mahatma Gandhi at an independence rally
1946 Woman with Lotus
Y. G. Srimati Indian

August 27, 1951

Throughout her career Srimati enjoyed producing paintings that celebrate feminine beauty. While inspired by figure-types in the sixth-century cave murals at Ajanta, the studies are distanced from their source by the absence of narrative. Their success depends instead on the quality and purity of line. Woman with Lotus is one of the artist’s most daring works in this genre. Its large scale demanded an absolute sureness of line and the subtle manipulation of large areas of color washes. The resulting work is both sinuous and sensuous.

'Hindu Marriage' carved on a Turtle shell c.200 bce, Chandraketugarh, W. Bengal, India

#Archaeology

1/9 The story starts with a Princess enjoying on a swing with her friends.

In yet another scene, she is seen enjoying in a pond. Lotus flowers make the scene lively.
#Archaeology

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Thread on the global events surrounding the initiation of Kaliyuga, often termed "A Celestial Clock Reset." It was triggered by a rare planetary conjunction on 18th Feb 3102 BCE.

This era marked profound shifts in ancient civilizations, influencing cultural narratives and astronomical records.

This thread captures archaeological, paleological, Occeanographical, meteriotical records.

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#Archaeology #Astronomy #AncientHistory Documented Celestial Events of 3100 BCE
- In a remarkable display of cosmic choreography, four notable comets blazed across the night sky, each arriving with a month's interval. These celestial visitors, meticulously chronicled by Duncan Steele, intersected Earth's orbit, captivating ancient sky-watchers.
- Among them, the mighty Proto-Encke made its closest approach, a spectacle that would have inspired awe and possibly fear, as it loomed large and bright.
- This period also witnessed a mysterious global dust veil, shrouding the Earth and leaving its mark on tree growth rings, particularly in regions like Ireland and England. This veil likely caused cooler temperatures and affected agriculture, embedding the memory of these celestial events into the very fabric of history and nature.

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Exploring Greek scholars' perspectives on women in society (800-400 BCE).

During 500–200 BCE, Athens saw women confined to households without political voice. Contrastingly, Spartan women owned property and engaged in physical education.

Discover the intricate roles played by women in religion amid societal constraints on public life.

#GreekSocietyPerspectives

1/8 480 BCE: In Euripides' Hippolytus, the protagonist ponders, "zeus, why did you place women on earth, a deceptive affliction for men?" (Hippolytus 616-17)

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The story of real brown "Americans". Their rituals resemble those of Bharat, and they believe they have emerged from beneath the world.

The Navajo, the original Americans, are the most populous of all Native American peoples in the United States, with approximately 300,000 individuals living in New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah and the insignifant to the invaders.

As for the mixed Spaniards who label themselves as "white Americans," they must return to Spain. Tag them who call themselves as Americans. Also Tag the original American and support them

P.S. 12,000 years ago, Asia and America were connected and could be reached by foot.

1/12 Indian Ten Commandments:

- The earth is our mother, care for her.
- Honor all your relations.
- Open your heart and soul to the Great Spirit.
- All life is sacred, treat all beings with respect.
- Take from the earth what is needed and nothing more.
- Do what needs to be done for the good of all.
- Give constant thanks to the Great Spirit for every new day.
- Speak the truth but only of the good of others.
- Follow the rhythms of nature; rise and retire with the sun.
- Enjoy life's journey but leave no tracks.

The above commandments are similar to Hindu beliefs of nature lover.

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Did lay Buddhists truly accept the caste system without objection?

Y. Krishnan's critical analysis sheds light on this controversial topic, revealing insights into the complexities of Buddhism and caste discrimination.

Join me as we unravel the truth in this enlightening #thread.

1/23 A. Varna as the Basis of Castes:

The Madhura Sutta (84), Kannakatthala Sutta (90), and Assalayana Sutta (93) from the Majjhima Nikaya, as well as the Cullavagga ix.1.4 of the Vinaya Pitaka, all acknowledge the existence of four castes: Kshatriya, Brahmana, Vaisya, and Sudra.

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Ashwamedha "अश्व मेध" to Ashwavadha "अश्व वध:" : a concocted Mughal journey.

Ashwamedha as Horse sacrifice was propagated by Moghuls as against popular belief that Britishers tempered it. Here are chronological archaeo and painting records proving ashwamedha was never to kill horse untill the Mughal courtiers interpolated it.

The study found that 27 kings from 18 dynasties had performed a total of 81 documented Ashwamedha Yagyas from the 1st century BCE to the 18th century CE.

Here we go. Retweet and bookmark this important debunking

#Archaeology

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Hindu ancient text emphasises the importance of Yagya and Nation building. Two of major text arer here

ऋग्वेदः - "अ॒ग्निमीळे॑ पुरोहितं॒ य॒ज्ञस्य॑ देवं॒ ऋत्विज॑म्। हो॒तारं॑ रत्नधात॒मम्॥" इति। अत्र अग्निः यज्ञे पुरोहितः (ऋत्विज्) भवति।
”agnim īḻe purohitaṃ yajñasya devam ṛtvijam | hotāraṃ ratnadhātamam ||” implies that the agni is the purohit (priest) in this sacred spiritual act (yagya)

शतपथब्राह्मणम् (१३.१.६) इत्यस्मिन् स्पष्टं वर्तते - "राष्ट्रं वा अश्वमेधः"। अत्र अश्वमेधयज्ञस्य वास्तविकं तात्पर्यम् देशस्य सुशासनं व्यवस्थापनं च इति, यत्र मानवसाधनं पर्यावरणं च सम्मिलितं भवतः।

Shatpath Brahman (13.1.6), it is stated that ”Rashtram va Ash­wamedha”, which implies the real meaning of Ashwamedha Yagya is to administer and manage the country efficiently, which not only involves human resources but also the ecosystem.

Note: No Horse "Sacrifice" Advised.

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"Connections Between Vedic and Sumerian Civilizations"

Meru and Sumeru might not be just mythological concepts; they could have coexisted with striking similarities.

Both cultures worshipped sun deities and had similar creation myths involving cosmic battles and detailed genealogies of gods. Linguistic parallels further support these connections.

Despite historical gaps, this analysis offers a glimpse into ancient cross-cultural influences, inviting us to consider how ideas traveled long before modern communication.

#Bookmark this #Thread of #Threads 📚

1/ ***Language***

Sumerian and Sanskrit, though geographically distant, share intriguing similarities offering insights into early human civilization. Both are among the oldest written languages, with linguistic ties suggesting possible cultural exchange between their regions.

Sumerian and Sanskrit share complex inflectional systems for nouns, verbs, and sentences, suggesting common structural principles or ancient interactions. Lexical similarities also exist in areas like agriculture, family, nature, and religion.

Shail Vyas, Homi Bhabha Fellow, found more than 90 commonalities amont the name of musical instruments x.com/Ugra___/status…

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"Breast Cloth" and "Mulakkam" : a Breast tax or Adulthood tax

The projection as "Breast-Tax" is a recent twist.

No records in 300 years of history—discovery only 48 years ago.

#thread #bookmark

1/15 Mentions of Breast-Tax in Chronology:

- 1972: Book by T.K. Ravi
- 1973: Book by T.K. Ravi
- 2000: Book by S.N. Sadesivan
- 2011: Book by A. Raju
- 2016: BBC
- 2017: Indiatimes, Scroll, The Hindu
- 2018: Deccan Chronicle, India Today, Movie by Pagare
- 2019: Books by Menon, Emmanuel T, Subhrashis, S. Pillai

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Boar: Reverence to Hunt

Boars embody incredible strength, courage, virility, and ferocity, making them formidable creatures both revered and feared across cultures.

Throughout Bharat's known history, since Kaliyuga in 3101 BCE, Varah has been depicted saving Bhumi Devi, symbolizing the divine intervention and the cosmic duty of preserving the earth. Varah, the boar incarnation of Lord Vishnu, embodies the primal power and resilience necessary to uphold the world.

On the contrary, hunting boar was heroic in known Western history, celebrated in epic tales and royal pastimes, where the hunt tested bravery and skill. The boar was a symbol of both bounty and battle.

In modern times, "suar/swine" is used as an insult, reflecting a shift in perception. Let us begin with what is available on Boar, bridging ancient reverence and contemporary views.

Long thread #Bookmark and Share

1/17 Boars, a species of wild pigs, are believed to have originated in the lush, biodiverse landscapes of Indonesia approximately 4.2 million years ago. Over millennia, these adaptable creatures migrated and thrived across various terrains, leading to their domestication in East and Central Asia around 10,000 years ago. This domestication marked a pivotal shift in human agricultural practices, influencing the development of early civilizations.

Note: The accompanying map serves solely for illustrative purposes and does not delineate modern political boundaries or country borders.

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