GemsOfINDOLOGY Profile picture
Preserving the past. Guiding the present. Always asking, never settling
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Oct 25 8 tweets 5 min read
When Sargon of Akkad bragged about "ships from Meluhha docking at Agade" (2334 BCE), he wasn't making it up.

The Sumerians called India by a name meaning "THE ELEVATED PLACE."

Why? Because mountains were how they FOUND us.

A thread on ancient branding. 🧵🗻 2/ Let's talk about how the Sumerians knew India as 'MELUHHA' 🧵

When Sargon of Akkad boasted (2334 BCE) about ships from Meluhha docking at Agade, he wasn't just name-dropping. The term possibly derives from Dravidian 'mel-akam' = 'elevated place.'

Why? Mountains.

Mount Meru/Sumeru wasn't just mythology—it was NAVIGATION. Ancient maritime traders crossing the Persian Gulf needed distinctive landmarks. The Harappan civilization's mountain ranges (Himalayas, Aravallis) served as crucial geographic identifiers.

Evidence? EVERYWHERE:

Harappan seals found in Ur, Babylon, Kish (2600-1900 BCE)

Gudea's records: 'translucent carnelian FROM MELUHHA'

Shortugai colony near Afghanistan lapis mines

Meluhhan interpreters living in Mesopotamian cities

The cosmic mountain of Vedic texts wasn't abstract philosophy—it was rooted in the REAL geography that made India recognizable across 2000km of ancient trade routes.

Mountains weren't just landmarks. They were BRANDS. 🗻Sumerian cuneiform tablet showing the term "Meluhha" referring to ancient India
Oct 19 11 tweets 4 min read
1/ Ever heard of Vasantsena? The legendary courtesan from Sudraka’s Sanskrit play “Mrichchhakatika” (The Little Clay Cart) – a woman who broke stereotypes & redefined love in ancient Indian drama. 🧵👇 This sculpture is on display at the National Museum, has a back and front scene - on one side the beautiful Vasantasena creeps away into the night, with her anklets hitched to her knees so that she may make no sound. She holds her arms high, using her garment to hide her identity and revealing the secret tryst she is on. Her attendant holds a parasol behind her alluding to her important position. She is the heroine of a famous Sanskrit play called Mrichchhakatika (The Little Clay Cart) Directly behind this panel is a drunk Vasantasena, youth incarnate and shown full busted, bejewelled and b... 2/ Located in Ujjayini, “Mrichchhakatika” focuses not on deities or royalty, but on everyday individuals—an altruistic yet impoverished Brahmin named Charudatta, an astute courtesan called Vasantsena, as well as ambitious politicians and street scoundrels. Image
Oct 11 9 tweets 4 min read
1/ Who was Chand Bibi? Around 1550, Chand Bibi emerged as the regent for the Sultanates of Bijapur and Ahmednagar. Fluent in multiple languages, a talented artist, and a fierce warrior, she stood out as a remarkable figure during the Deccan's challenging times. #History #WomenInPowerChand Bibi Hawking with Attendants in a Landscape ca. 1700  Chand Bibi was a legendary queen of Ahmadnagar in the Deccan, who valiantly defended her fortress against the Mughal army in the sixteenth century. Her image became a popular subject in Deccani painting, and she is frequently depicted hawking, as in this work. Here she rides a white horse, whose lower half has been colored red with henna to symbolize its wading through blood (or bravery in battle). Three female attendants accompany her on foot; one holds up a ceremonial sunshade behind the queen while another leads the way ahead of... 2/ Raised in royal grandeur, the daughter of Hussain Nizam Shah I excelled in a diverse array of languages like Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Marathi, and Kannada. Her talents extended to the sitar, painting, and even the game of polo—skills that were exceptional for women of her stature during that era. #GemsOfIndologyImage
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Oct 2 11 tweets 4 min read
1️⃣ 🧵 Thread: The European Genocide of the Selk'nam — Tierra del Fuego’s Forgotten People

The Selk'nam were indigenous to the remote Tierra del Fuego archipelago in South America. Around 4,000 strong in the 1880s, within 50 years, they were nearly wiped out. Why? Because European foreigner settlers saw them as obstacles to colonization.

Tag this to your favourite european occupiers in South America #Selknam #GenocideImage 2️⃣ In 1520, Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, sailing for Spain, first saw Tierra del Fuego, naming it the "Land of Fire" due to numerous coastal fires lit by Indigenous peoples. Among them were the Selk'nam, also known as Ona or Onawo, one of the four tribes present when Europeans arrived.Image
Sep 27 18 tweets 8 min read
1️⃣ Did you know early human societies around 5000 BCE may have had more balanced or even female-skewed populations? Archaeological sites like Escoural Cave in Portugal reveal more women than men buried, hinting at goddess-worshipping, egalitarian cultures. Imagine a world led by the divine feminine! How does that contrast with what we see today

#Thread #Patriarchy #matriarchy how it shaped the world around.Image 2️⃣ Fast forward to 3000 BCE, the Bronze Age Steppe migrations changed everything. These male-heavy migrant groups (up to 14 men for every woman!) swept across Europe, bringing patriarchal Indo-European cultures. This massive male influx reshaped societies and sidelined earlier goddess-centric beliefs. Could migration be a key driver of social change?Image
Sep 19 11 tweets 5 min read
1. Thread: The Forgotten Names of the Bay of Bengal – A Journey Through Time 🧵👇

🌊 Most people know it as the Bay of Bengal. But did you know it once had many other names? The story of this bay is as ancient, diverse, and contested as Indian heritage itself

* maps AI generated and not politicalImage @narendramodi @PMOIndia @mygovindia @IndicMeenakshi 2. 🗺️ In Vedic and classical Indian texts, this vast water body was called "Mahodadhi" (the great ocean), "Vangasagara" (Bengal Sea), and "Purvapayodhi" (Eastern Sea). These names reflect the immense cultural and maritime legacy of the eastern coast Image
Sep 17 11 tweets 7 min read
1️⃣ 🧵 Thread: The Ancient Burial Jar Tradition from Assam to Indonesia - A Journey Through Time and Culture 👇

Did you know? Across Asia, from Northeast India to Indonesia, ancient cultures practiced fascinating burial customs using massive stone and ceramic jars to honor their dead. These burial jars reveal secrets about trade, beliefs, and connections over 2,000 years ago!

More intriguining is that these gigantic jars are made out of rock. How they achieved this feat is mysterious.
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2/ In Assam, India, the mysterious megalithic stone jars of Dima Hasao date back to 400+ BCE. Some jars stand over 3 meters tall, carved from sandstone, placed on hilltops! The largest site — Nuchubunglo — houses 546 jars, the biggest collection worldwide yet lacking research #AssamHeritage

Key Assam Sites:
-Nuchubunglo (Bolasan): 546 stone jars - the world's largest concentration
-Hojai Dobongling (Derebore): Original site documented in 1929
-Lower Chaikam: 35 jars discovered in 2020
-Herakilo: 10 jars found during recent surveys
-Longkhai Hamrim Hading: Single weathered jar with human remainsImage
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Sep 14 12 tweets 9 min read
1️⃣ The Archaeological Survey of India won't reveal the true story of Rohtasgarh Fort.

- Ancient Times: Legend has it that Rohtasgarh was established by Rohitashva, the son of the mythical Suryavanshi ruler Harishchandra, which inspired the area's name. However, since there are no definitive ruins from before the 7th century, its early history remains enigmatic.

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2️⃣ An ancient inscription traces back to Mahasamanta Shashankadava, believed to be connected to Shashanka, the Gauda monarch. Around the 13th century, the Khayaravala dynasty, which likely had ties to local Kharwar tribes, governed the area. A notable inscription from 1223 CE references Shri Pratapa, who triumphed over a Muslim "Yavana" force. The royal seal features a humped bull as its emblem.Image
Sep 13 5 tweets 2 min read
1️⃣ In Goa, Hindu communities embrace an age-old custom of venerating anthills, considering them sacred representations of the Earth Goddess. Locally referred to as Sateri (Santeri), Bhoomika, Ela, among other names, these anthills are honored as symbols of mother earth's divinity. The village name "Bhoma" in Goa is rooted in this reverence, connecting back to Bhoomi (Earth). One notable example is the revered anthill in Virnoda, Goa.Image 2️⃣ The revered structures are termite mounds, not ant hills, as termites and ants are biologically different species. In Konkani, "ro’in" signifies anthills, which historically connects to the Austric-rooted word "Rono," meaning "full of holes." Image
Sep 12 19 tweets 25 min read
1️⃣ # Victorian Code of Modesty: A Thread on Female Status and personal Life vs Men

## The Hidden Reality Behind Victorian "Virtue"

The Victorian era (1837-1901) created one of history's most elaborate systems of female subjugation, disguised as moral protection. While we often picture prudish women fainting at exposed ankles, the reality was a calculated legal, medical, and social framework that stripped women of personhood while claiming to honor their virtue.

This should be bookmarked for future references. RT maxImage 2️⃣ ## The Doctrine of Separate Spheres: Biology as Destiny

Victorian society was built on the "doctrine of separate spheres"- the belief that men and women were naturally designed for completely different roles:

**Men's Domain:**
- Public sphere (politics, business, law, commerce)
- Active, rational, progressive nature
- Financial providers and decision-makers
- Natural sexual beings with legitimate desires

**Women's Domain:**
- Private sphere (home, family, religion)
- Passive, emotional, nurturing nature
- Moral guardians without sexual feelings
- Dependent beings requiring male protection

This wasn't merely social convention - Victorians believed it was **biological destiny**[4]. As one Victorian theorist declared: "The man's power is active, progressive, defensive... but the woman's power is for rule, not for battle"[5].Image
Sep 12 7 tweets 3 min read
1️⃣ What is Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC)?

AKTC is a philanthropic agency of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN), founded in 1988 in Geneva, Switzerland, with the aim to revitalize historic cities, conserve monuments, and leverage culture for community development. Image 2️⃣ Who Founded AKTC?

AKTC was created by His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan IV, the 49th hereditary Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims, as part of AKDN’s broader mandate to improve welfare in Asia and Africa. Image
Sep 10 7 tweets 3 min read
1/ 🧵Colonial Science & Caste: A Madras Observatory Story
How did Brahmins become human instruments of empire? A thread on caste, race, and the strange machinery of colonial astronomy in India. 👇  colonial-era engraving of the Madras Observatory, showing domed structures and astronomical instruments. 2/ Brahmin as Tools

The Madras Observatory served as more than just a center for astronomical study; it was where colonial science intersected with issues of caste and ethnicity. Brahmins were chosen not solely for their expertise, but for their skills in calculation, documentation, and adherence to orders. They gradually became regarded less as intellectuals and more as automated entities—akin to "human substitutes for self-recording devices."

Despite their crucial contributions, Indian assistants were often reduced to mere 'tools' or machines, with their wisdom and independence minimized in official narratives.Brahmins weren’t just scholars—they became human instruments of empire. Their scribal skills made them ideal for chronometric tasks.
Aug 31 9 tweets 3 min read
Join me in celebrating the 132nd Birth Anniversary of Paramananda Acharya, a trailblazer in Odisha Archaeology.

Discover the legacy of this Padma Shri awardee in putting Odisha in the map of #Archaeology 🎉🔍

1/9 Image Paramananda is renowned for restoring the Khiching temple in Mayurbhanj, which is crafted from green stone (chlorite slabs). He embarked on extensive jungle journeys by bicycle, often lasting days, to transform the ruins into a revitalized mandir.

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Aug 15 5 tweets 3 min read
The term "Gypsies" refers to the Romani people, who have origins in North India. It's believed they began their migration from the regions of Punjab and Rajasthan around the 8th century. Tracing their ancestry back to northern India, particularly the Punjab area, the Romani people embarked on a westward journey about 1,000 to 1,500 years ago.

Their path took them through Persia, Armenia, and the Byzantine Empire, reaching Europe between the 8th and 14th centuries. The earliest European records of the Romani date back to the 14th century, marking their spread across the continent.

Once logistic giants now mostly settled in Europe or remains roadside selling tools and daily implements.

1/5Image Their population is around 2-20 million in the world. Romani culture emphasizes family, community, and oral traditions. Storytelling, music, and dance are central – think flamenco in Spain or jazz manouche in France, influenced by Romani artists.
Strict moral codes govern purity, marriage, and elder respect.

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Jun 27 13 tweets 6 min read
The Gubyaukgyi (or Kubyauk-gyi) temple, near Bagan, Myanmar, was built in 1113 AD by Prince Yazakumar after King Kyansittha's death. It's renowned for its well-preserved frescoes, the oldest in Bagan, featuring Old Mon captions that mark early language use in Myanmar.

Located near the Myazedi Pagoda, it stands beside a key historical pillar with inscriptions in Pali, Old Mon, Old Burmese, and Pyu, often dubbed the "Burmese Rosetta Stone" for its linguistic significance.

1/13Image Stone pillars with inscriptions in four ancient Southeast Asian languages: Pali, Old Mon, Old Burmese, and Pyu. The inscription on the pillar displayed by the Myazedi Pagoda is called the Burmese Rosetta Stone, given its historical and linguistic significance as a key to deciphering the Pyu language.

Compare the protection given to this pillar by a relatively smaller country. @AsiGOI can learn from these smaller countries as to how to protect heritages of national importance.

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Jun 17 6 tweets 3 min read
Did you know that "Bull Leaping" or "Bull Taming" finds its roots in India, and was gender neutral ? It later made its way to Europe, where it goes by different names. The earliest seal dates back to around 2600-1900 BCE. The second piece of evidence for Bull Leaping comes from Banawali, near the dry Saraswati riverbed in Haryana, dating from 2300-1700 BCE.

#Archaeology

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The subsequent known depiction of bull-leaping appears on Hüseyindede vases, originating from the early Hittite period around 1650 BCE. #Archaeology

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Jun 15 15 tweets 10 min read
DEVDASI | Journey from GLEAM to GLOOM | Most respected to most dejected

Thread to look back in time to where we are today. An untold story in the evocative book 'NITYASUMANGALI' by Saskia C Kersenboon

Exploring the devadasi system's transformation, this narrative traces its shift from revered spiritual practice to marginalized existence. Devadasis, once divine performers in temples, faced decline as societal changes turned respect into rejection. Kersenboon's research reflects on cultural shifts, urging readers to ponder tradition, power, and identity.

1/15Image Devdasis, also known as Rudra Ganikas, played a crucial role in temple ceremonies. They were the figures who encircled the IDOLs during rituals led by the royals. Revered as both sacred and auspicious, they symbolized wealth and protection for the populace. They also conducted various ceremonies related to weddings and births.

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Jun 7 9 tweets 6 min read
Ever imagined yourself to be displayed as object in a Zoo ?

Here this thread captures real people and real agony. DONT proceed further if you are weak hearted.

This is a poster used during the era of Human Zoos. Note a "Negro" associated with an image of a monkey.

* sensitive material

1/9Image This part of a show called “Les Indes,” where captives from India are being paraded

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Jun 6 12 tweets 7 min read
Delving into Dholavira's metrology revelations.

Beyond ancient docks, lies advanced metrological wisdom.

From Mauryan architecture to now known as Qutub Minar, and Tajo Mahal the 5000 years old legacy lives on.

Bookmark this thread.

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As per latest studies, Dholavira construction used metrological units continued even in Tajo Mahal.

The author of this paper used "Dhanus" as 1.9 meters to evaluate dimensions and found that #harappan were not only fond of ratios but applied to all settlement of that period with some MOE

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May 26 16 tweets 5 min read
The Brihadeshwarar Devalaya was founded by the Tamil emperor Arulmozhivarman, popularly known as Rajaraja Chola I, in 1002 CE. It was the first major building project of the great Tamil Chola dynasty.

Inspired by Shaivism, the temple stands as a significant testament to this tradition.

The frescoes on the Devalaya walls were damaged due to exposure to smoke and camphor. The Tanjore Nayak replaced the damaged paintings with their own. Later, @ASIGoI repaired the paintings. However, a few of the original artworks have begun to reappear.

1/16Image This exquisite fresco, dating back over a millennium, vividly captures the grace of two female and one male dancer in a mesmerizing performance. Nestled within the revered Brihadeshwarar Devalaya in Tamil Nadu, this ancient artwork reflects the region's rich cultural heritage and the timeless allure of classical Indian dance traditions.

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May 25 5 tweets 2 min read
Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu, and other gods and goddesses blessing Guru Nanak Ji as a child

Paiting at Baba Atal Gurdwara, Amritsar.

Bābakalasī Gurū Nānak Jī Nali'ā Paḍata | ਬਾਬਕਲਸੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਜੀ ਨਲਿਆ ਪੰਡਤ (Translated using Google Translation. Please correct me if there are any errors).

1/5Image Another wall painting were Hindu God and GOdesses are praying before Gurudwara

"Sansarik" is imprinted on the cow. Can someone elaborate its significance.

Paiting at Baba Atal Gurdwara, Amritsar.

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