Sphinx (face of human and body of lion or other animal) or Purush Singha was popular way of probably representing figure of royalties or kingship in Egypt and India and even Mesopotamians. This thread capture such instances of Purush Singham from India.
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Keith 1914 translates Purushamriga Chandramase as 'The Human-Beast to the Moon' YV-II.5.5.14 but we will call such figures Purush Singham for sale of simplicity and uniqueness.
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These 4500 years old Harappan seals with depictionof Nari Singham or anthropomorphic figures with face of a human mostly female and body of a beast (mostly tiger) are probably of a queen/King/royalty.
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This Pair of Purusha Singha guard the entrance of the Shri Shiva Nataraja temple in Chidambaram, India. Male and female,
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Purush Singham and Nari Singham on a pillar of Shri Airavateshvara temple in Darasuram
12th cent. CE
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Pair of Purush Singham in Shri Sarangapani temple in Kumbakonam
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Seated sphinx among the sculpture of the Krishna cave in Mamallapuram
Granite
8th century
Approximately 85 cm high
Photo by Raja Deekshithar, 25 July 2005
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Walking Purush Singham
Shri Shiva Nataraja temple
12th century
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Purush Singham from the wall of the Shri Varadaraja Perumal temple in Tribhuvanai near Pondicherry
1000 CE
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Purush Singham ? and Bhima from the
Mahabharata and the judgment by Dharmaraja Yudhistira in the Shri Airavateshvara temple in Darasuram
Granite
12th century
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Purush Singham worshipping a Shiva Linga South Gopuram of the ??? temple in Villianur, Puducherry
15th century
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Purush Singham worshipping a Shiva Linga, South gopuram of the Shri Arunachaleshvara temple in Tiruvannamalai
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Purush Singham in standing upright posture
Shri Subrahmania shrine, Rajarajeshvara temple in Tanjore
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Purush Singham depicted on the base of the Vishnu shrine in the temple of Tirumalai in Kanya Kumari district
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Sad, some of the temple are only 400 years old with these purush Singham sculptures and yet we can only guess about their meaning. There are no expert of the subject matter left it seems. This thread is from my own research and opinions. Pics taken from respective owners
Just to clarify
Purush Singham has manly face and lion body
Narsimha has a lion face and human body.
In ancient times, Gods were depicted with animal faces and human bodies while Kings were depicted with human faces and animal bodies.
So not to be confused
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Purush Singha from Harappan Period
This Anthromorph figure of composite animal and humanly may be precursor of Early Purush Singha (Depiction of a King) #Archaeology
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The story of real brown "Americans". Their rituals resemble those of Bharat, and they believe they have emerged from beneath the world.
The Navajo, the original Americans, are the most populous of all Native American peoples in the United States, with approximately 300,000 individuals living in New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah and the insignifant to the invaders.
As for the mixed Spaniards who label themselves as "white Americans," they must return to Spain. Tag them who call themselves as Americans. Also Tag the original American and support them
P.S. 12,000 years ago, Asia and America were connected and could be reached by foot.
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Indian Ten Commandments:
- The earth is our mother, care for her.
- Honor all your relations.
- Open your heart and soul to the Great Spirit.
- All life is sacred, treat all beings with respect.
- Take from the earth what is needed and nothing more.
- Do what needs to be done for the good of all.
- Give constant thanks to the Great Spirit for every new day.
- Speak the truth but only of the good of others.
- Follow the rhythms of nature; rise and retire with the sun.
- Enjoy life's journey but leave no tracks.
The above commandments are similar to Hindu beliefs of nature lover.
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For years, the Navajo defended their land against Mexican and New Mexican slave traders and livestock raiders. In 1848, the U.S. Army arrived. Between 1863 and 1866, the army marched about 11,500 Diné people 400 miles to a desolate reservation at Bosque Redondo in New Mexico. In 1868, the Navajo became the only Native Nation to use a treaty to escape removal and return to their home. This treaty was written on paper taken from an army ledger book. Article 2 is the crucial one that defines the Navajo reservation.
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Did lay Buddhists truly accept the caste system without objection?
Y. Krishnan's critical analysis sheds light on this controversial topic, revealing insights into the complexities of Buddhism and caste discrimination.
Join me as we unravel the truth in this enlightening #thread.
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A. Varna as the Basis of Castes:
The Madhura Sutta (84), Kannakatthala Sutta (90), and Assalayana Sutta (93) from the Majjhima Nikaya, as well as the Cullavagga ix.1.4 of the Vinaya Pitaka, all acknowledge the existence of four castes: Kshatriya, Brahmana, Vaisya, and Sudra.
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The current caste, or 'Jati', is determined not by present actions but by past 'karmas'. Anyone from any class can be recognized for their noble deeds, but to belong to a higher caste, one must be reborn into it.
Ashwamedha "अश्व मेध" to Ashwavadha "अश्व वध:" : a concocted Mughal journey.
Ashwamedha as Horse sacrifice was propagated by Moghuls as against popular belief that Britishers tempered it. Here are chronological archaeo and painting records proving ashwamedha was never to kill horse untill the Mughal courtiers interpolated it.
The study found that 27 kings from 18 dynasties had performed a total of 81 documented Ashwamedha Yagyas from the 1st century BCE to the 18th century CE.
Here we go. Retweet and bookmark this important debunking
#Archaeology
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Hindu ancient text emphasises the importance of Yagya and Nation building. Two of major text arer here
ऋग्वेदः - "अ॒ग्निमीळे॑ पुरोहितं॒ य॒ज्ञस्य॑ देवं॒ ऋत्विज॑म्। हो॒तारं॑ रत्नधात॒मम्॥" इति। अत्र अग्निः यज्ञे पुरोहितः (ऋत्विज्) भवति।
”agnim īḻe purohitaṃ yajñasya devam ṛtvijam | hotāraṃ ratnadhātamam ||” implies that the agni is the purohit (priest) in this sacred spiritual act (yagya)
शतपथब्राह्मणम् (१३.१.६) इत्यस्मिन् स्पष्टं वर्तते - "राष्ट्रं वा अश्वमेधः"। अत्र अश्वमेधयज्ञस्य वास्तविकं तात्पर्यम् देशस्य सुशासनं व्यवस्थापनं च इति, यत्र मानवसाधनं पर्यावरणं च सम्मिलितं भवतः।
Shatpath Brahman (13.1.6), it is stated that ”Rashtram va Ashwamedha”, which implies the real meaning of Ashwamedha Yagya is to administer and manage the country efficiently, which not only involves human resources but also the ecosystem.
Note: No Horse "Sacrifice" Advised.
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Earliest inscriptional evidence about Aśvamedha is found in Naneghat dating 1st century bce
The dialipidiating inscriptions says, that The Aśvamedha yajña was performed for 3 years. Sātakarṇi performed this yajña twice, which implies that he had to establish his sovereignty twice. This suggests that his supremacy may have been challenged after the first Aśvamedha yajña. The second Aśvamedha yajña likely indicates his regaining of hegemony.
Sātakarṇi extended the Sātavāhana rule beyond the Deccan Region, and he was undoubtedly a great conqueror. In the inscription, he has been eulogized as 'Pṛṭhvyāḥ Prathama Vīra' or the foremost warrior of the earth.
The donations given during these yajñas included a horse with silver trappings and decorated with gold ornaments, 14,000 Kārṣapaṇas, and one cart with grains. Apart from these, a village was also donated—one of the first instances of the donation of a village to a beneficiary. This custom was continued by later Sātavāhana rulers and became common practice by the Gupta period.
The Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa mentions different types of Aśvamedha yajñas. Different varieties of animals—both wild and domesticated—were to be brought to the yajña vedi, and the wild animals were to be let go after the fire was taken around them.
"Connections Between Vedic and Sumerian Civilizations"
Meru and Sumeru might not be just mythological concepts; they could have coexisted with striking similarities.
Both cultures worshipped sun deities and had similar creation myths involving cosmic battles and detailed genealogies of gods. Linguistic parallels further support these connections.
Despite historical gaps, this analysis offers a glimpse into ancient cross-cultural influences, inviting us to consider how ideas traveled long before modern communication.
#Bookmark this #Thread of #Threads 📚
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***Language***
Sumerian and Sanskrit, though geographically distant, share intriguing similarities offering insights into early human civilization. Both are among the oldest written languages, with linguistic ties suggesting possible cultural exchange between their regions.
Sumerian and Sanskrit share complex inflectional systems for nouns, verbs, and sentences, suggesting common structural principles or ancient interactions. Lexical similarities also exist in areas like agriculture, family, nature, and religion.
Shail Vyas, Homi Bhabha Fellow, found more than 90 commonalities amont the name of musical instruments x.com/Ugra___/status…
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The Bakshali manuscript mentions Sumeru, which is intriguing given that the Sumerians became extinct 5,000 years ago. This suggests that either the Bakshali birch was conceived much earlier, or the Sumerians survived until the start of the Common Era. The former is more likely.
Interestingly, the Akkadians referred to the Indian region as "Meluha," a name that closely resembles "Meru." x.com/GemsOfINDOLOGY…
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"Breast Cloth" and "Mulakkam" : a Breast tax or Adulthood tax
The projection as "Breast-Tax" is a recent twist.
No records in 300 years of history—discovery only 48 years ago.
#thread #bookmark
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Mentions of Breast-Tax in Chronology:
- 1972: Book by T.K. Ravi
- 1973: Book by T.K. Ravi
- 2000: Book by S.N. Sadesivan
- 2011: Book by A. Raju
- 2016: BBC
- 2017: Indiatimes, Scroll, The Hindu
- 2018: Deccan Chronicle, India Today, Movie by Pagare
- 2019: Books by Menon, Emmanuel T, Subhrashis, S. Pillai
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Surprising to see sudden spurt in a story being pushed as an EVIL collectively by several people. Books are being written on a fake story.
Boars embody incredible strength, courage, virility, and ferocity, making them formidable creatures both revered and feared across cultures.
Throughout Bharat's known history, since Kaliyuga in 3101 BCE, Varah has been depicted saving Bhumi Devi, symbolizing the divine intervention and the cosmic duty of preserving the earth. Varah, the boar incarnation of Lord Vishnu, embodies the primal power and resilience necessary to uphold the world.
On the contrary, hunting boar was heroic in known Western history, celebrated in epic tales and royal pastimes, where the hunt tested bravery and skill. The boar was a symbol of both bounty and battle.
In modern times, "suar/swine" is used as an insult, reflecting a shift in perception. Let us begin with what is available on Boar, bridging ancient reverence and contemporary views.
Long thread #Bookmark and Share
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Boars, a species of wild pigs, are believed to have originated in the lush, biodiverse landscapes of Indonesia approximately 4.2 million years ago. Over millennia, these adaptable creatures migrated and thrived across various terrains, leading to their domestication in East and Central Asia around 10,000 years ago. This domestication marked a pivotal shift in human agricultural practices, influencing the development of early civilizations.
Note: The accompanying map serves solely for illustrative purposes and does not delineate modern political boundaries or country borders.
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The presence of wild boar in India is vividly captured through ancient rock art and petroglyphs, with depictions securely dating back to between 30,000 and 12,000 years ago.
1. Bhimbetka wild boar hunting scene: These prehistoric images, spanning 30,000 to 6,000 years before present, offer a glimpse into early human life and their hunting practices, illustrating the boar's significance in survival and culture.
2. Ratnagiri boar: Dating to 12,000 years before present, this depiction highlights the enduring relationship between humans and wild boars, showcasing their importance across millennia.