Mushtaq Bilal, PhD Profile picture
Jan 29, 2023 23 tweets 6 min read Read on X
Here are two apps that will make reading papers and taking notes easy — super easy:
1. Zotero

Open your Zotero desktop app and simply drag a PDF to the main panel. A PDF being added to Zotero.
Zotero will add the PDF to your library. It will also retrieve the paper's meta-data from the internet.

Double click on the PDF and Zotero will open it in its inbuilt Note Editor. A PDF being shown in Mushtaq's Zotero library.
Now you can read the paper, annotated it, and take notes — all within Zotero.

Zotero will also sync these notes with your web library, so you can access them on multiple devices. A PDF open in Zotero's inbuilt Note Editor. It has been anno
You can add in-text citations in your notes and web links. A web link added in Zotero's Note Editor.
You can export all your notes to MS Word.

To do so, open a blank document.

Click on "Add Note" in the Zotero tab.

Type in the title of the note you want to add in the yellow search bar and press Enter. A yellow arrow points to the "Add Note" option in
Zotero will bring all your notes from Note Editor to your Word file.

These notes will be formatted according to the citation style you select. Notes imported into MS Word from Zotero.
If you want to read more about Zotero's Note Editor and its capabilities, here's a thread on that 👇

2. Obsidian

Open Obsidian and create a new vault, which is Obsidian's name for a folder. Obsidian's "Create new vault" page.
Choose a location on your computer where you want to save the vault.

I have a folder named "All Obsidian Vaults" on my desktop.

I have named the new vault "World Literature."

Obsidian will create a folder with the same name (in "All Obsidian Vaults" in my case). A yellow arrow points to the "Browse" button in Ob
This is how your vault will look in Obsidian.

[You can change the dark mode to light.] A vault named "World Literature" in Obsidian.
Go to "All Obsidian Vaults" and then open the folder you just created.

Add the PDF you want to read and take notes on. A PDF being added to folder named "World Literature&quo
The PDF will show up in your Obsidian. A yellow arrow points to a PDF in Obsidian.
Click on the PDF and Obsidian will open it in a tab for you. A PDF in Obsidian.
To take notes, click on the "New note" button in the top-left corner of your screen. A yellow arrow points to the "New note" button in
Obsidian will open a new note. Name it however you want to. A new note open in Obsidian.
Arrange the PDF and the note file vertically (or horizontally).

Start reading and taking notes.

In Obsidian, you can also create links by adding square brackets around a word like so [[Vittorio Coletti]].

When you create a link, Obsidian will also create a new note. A PDF and a note file in Obsidian.
The new note will be automatically linked to your original note. A new note in Obsidian.
If you're new to Obsidian, here's a step-by-step guide to get you started on it 👇

Comparison:

1. Convenience:

Zotero is relatively convenient to use than Obsidian. It also automates your citations and references, which Obsidian doesn't.

Obsidian is "low-tech" and may seem intimidating to a beginner. But once you get the hang of it, it's very useful.
2. Annotations:

Zotero's Note Editor has an inbuilt annotations feature.

In Obsidian, you will have to install a plug-in if you want to annotate a PDF. This may seem challenging if you don't know your way around plug-ins.
3. Connections:

In Zotero, you can't create links between your notes. Every note is a standalone note.

Obsidian is meant to help you with creating links between different ideas and thoughts.
Comment below if you'd prefer Zotero or Obsidian.

If you found this thread useful, follow me @MushtaqBilalPhD for more tips on academic writing.

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More from @MushtaqBilalPhD

Jan 5
How to build an academic writing habit (to write a lot and publish a lot):
In his book "Atomic Habits," James Clear writes about habits that are so small we don’t even notice them, but the power they have over us is immense.

He calls them atomic habits.

Although they are small, building atomic habits is VERY DIFFICULT.

Why? A photo of James Clear's book "Atomic Habits."
Clear calls the time between the point we start a habit to the point we start seeing its first results "the plateau of latent potential."

Most people remain stuck within this plateau.

To see the results of any habit, we must cross the plateau of latent potential. A photo of "The Plateau of Latent Potential" from James Clear's book "Atomic Habits."
Read 21 tweets
Dec 25, 2025
Don't use Sci-Hub — it's a "controversial" website with 84M+ research papers freely available.

We should all try to make billion-dollar academic publishers richer.

Anyway, here's a thread on how to integrate Sci-Hub with Zotero to get free papers.

🚨DO NOT DO IT!
1. Don't go to this link:
github(dot)com/syt2/zotero-scipdf

But if you do, replace the word "dot" with an actual [.]

Don't scroll down and click on "latest release xpi file."

This will download an "xpi" file to your computer.
2. Don't open your Zotero. But if you do, click on "Tools."

In "Tools," click on "Plugins." This will open Zotero's Plugin Manager.

In the Plugin Manager, click on the gear-like icon and select "Install Plugin From File."

Navigate to the XPI file you downloaded and add it.
Read 6 tweets
Dec 24, 2025
10 books to help you become a better academic writer so you can write a lot and publish a lot:

1. Academic Writing as if the Reader Matters by Leonard Cassuto

Practical tips on how to make your academic writing more engaging and readable. Examples from the arts and sciences. Academic Writing as if the Reader Matters by Leonard Cassuto
2. The Clockwork Muse by Eviatar Zerubavel

Helpful advice on how to organize your writing process in terms of time.

A-Time: for writing new material (deep work)
B-Time: for shallow work like compiling bibliography, etc.
C-Time: for house chores The Clockwork Muse by Eviatar Zerubavel
3. Write Your Dissertation in Fifteen Minutes a Day by Joan Bolker

Excellent tips on how and why you should write zero drafts.

Teaches you how to understand different stages of the writing process from ideation to drafting to revision. Write Your Dissertation in Fifteen Minutes a Day by Joan Bolker
Read 11 tweets
Dec 15, 2025
Dr Ally Louks's viral PhD thesis (130M views) on the politics of smell redefined the way people talk about smell.

Everyone wants to read her thesis, but it's unavailable until 2028

Here are 10 books on the politics of smell that you can read right now:

1. The Smell of Slavery A photo of Dr Ally Louks with her PhD thesis titled, "Olfactory Ethics: The Politics of Smell in Modern and Contemporary Literature."
The Smell of Slavery: Olfactory Racism and the Atlantic World by Andrew Kettler
1. The Smell of Slavery by Andrew Kettler

Shows how white slave owners defined Black, African bodies as noxious and deserving of enslavement.

Smell was used to dehumanize Black folks who were equated with animals by white slave owners. The Smell of Slavery: Olfactory Racism and the Atlantic World by Andew Kettler
2. The Foul and the Fragrant by Alain Corbin

Considered a foundational text in smell studies.

Shows how the bourgeois nose associated bad smells with the poor and how deodorization became a tool for state control in 18th and 19th century France. The Foul and the Fragrant by Alain Corbin
Read 11 tweets
Dec 2, 2025
Getting past peer review is a challenge every researcher faces.

Stanford researchers recently launched a free AI-powered Agentic Review that can help you with it.

It gives you a human-level mock peer review so you can polish your paper before submitting it.

Check it out 👇
1. Go to paperreview[.]ai and upload your manuscript.

Enter your email and specify your target venue (conference or journal).

You may also want to copy the "Review Token" in case you don't receive an email.
2. A few minutes later you will receive an email with a link to the review report.

Go through the review report and revise your paper according to the suggestions you think are most relevant.
Read 4 tweets
Oct 6, 2025
Libgen, Sci-Hub, and Z-library had millions of pirated academic books and papers.

So, they were shut down. We shouldn't use them anyway.

We should help billion-dollar academic publishers get richer.

Anyway, here's how to access these libraries:

Don't do this!
1. Don't go to open-slum[.]org.

Because there you will see links to LibGen, Anna's Archive, Z-Library, and Sci-Hub.
2. Don't click any link because that will open your desired library.

Don't type the title of a book you want to read because it might show up.

Look at this, someone has pirated my own book. I'm livid!
Read 5 tweets

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