Yes, #H5N1 has infected humans in the past. But currently, there have not been cases of human to human transmission.
H5N1 is a circulating avian influenza A that has recently infected several mammal populations. It has previously infected over 800 humans in the past two decades.
These infections were avian to human. The previous human infections can be found here: cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/c…
You can learn more about #H5N1 & many other #SciComm topics on my channel 🙂
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
The indications of a Marburg virus infection can be very similar to other illnesses or conditions. However, symptoms can become increasingly severe as the disease progresses. This can lead to deadly consequences such as multi-system organ failure.
While diagnosis of #Marburg can be difficult and requires a molecular diagnostic test, if you are in an area with an outbreak and experiencing any symptoms it is important to be evaluated.
More information on Marburg virus infection symptoms can be found at the CDC: cdc.gov/vhf/marburg/sy…
mRNA vaccines are NOT gene therapy.
However, cell & gene therapies are emerging technologies that can help to reduce the burden of inherent genetic alterations that cause diseases. I describe a few of these breakthrough technologies below.
1. CAR-T cell therapy = a patient's own immune cells are engineered to express moieties that target a specific cell type in the body (often for oncology use)
2. CRISPR = a form of DNA editing to disrupt harmful genes or to repair mutated genes
(genes are DNA 😉)
3. Viral integration = removing the ability of a virus to cause an infectious disease, and using it as a delivery vehicles to carry (& integrate) therapeutic genes instead
*INTEGRATION is the key word here. Most viruses that are used as carriers (in development) do not integrate
Almost every unvaccinated person who is sexually active will get HPV (human papillomavirus) at some time in their life. And, each year in the United States (US) HPV causes ~36,000 cases of cancer for men and women.
Fortunately, the HPV vaccine protects against several strains of the virus that are known to cause cancer (cervical, vaginal, anal, etc). Since 2006 when HPV vaccines were first used in the US, HPV infections and precancer detections (on the cervix) have dropped more than 80%.
Additionally, over 15 years of monitoring continue to shown that HPV vaccines are safe and well tolerated. Preventing cancer is better than treating it, and HPV vaccination is cancer prevention.
Here I give a summary of how the bivalent mRNA vaccine boosters for Covid-19 work. The mechanism of immune response action is the same as the mRNA vaccine series made by Pfizer / BioNTech or Moderna. But this time we get two sets of instructions in one shot.
The first set of instructions encode for our bodies to make the original spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 (ancestral strain). The second set of instructions encode for our bodies to make a mutated form of the spike protein, such as the Omicron variant spike protein.
I want to emphasize that targeting multiple serotypes (strains) of a pathogen in one vaccine is not new. This technique is used in many vaccines like the HPV vaccine that targets 9 strains or the pneumococcal vaccine that targets 23 strains.