With #MahaShivaratri coming up this week, thread on Shaiva Kshetras in Odisha, a state where I had stayed for 4 years, and has some of the most magnificient Shiva Temples in India.
The capital Bhubaneshwar itself gets it's name from one Shiva's names "Tribhubaneshwar", meaning Lord of the 3 Worlds, and is also called as Ekamra Kshetra, as it's believed Shiva meditated under a tree with one mango here. The city is famous for it's Shiva temples.
The magnificient Lingaraja Temple said to have been built by Yayati Kesari and dates to the 10th century. Located over an area of 25,000 sq ft, the temple is marked by it’s huge tower soaring to 180 feet and which is elaborately carved with various sculptures.
Located over an area of 25,000 sq ft, the temple is marked by it’s huge tower soaring to 180 feet and which is elaborately carved with various sculptures. The huge tower can be seen from any place in the city and is a dominant feature of it’s sky line.
Right next to the Temple is the Bindusagar lake which is believed to contain drops of every holy river in India. The temple is built in typical Kalinga style architecture, with the main temple, the Bhoga Mandap, Yajna Sala and the Natya Shala.
The Parasurameswara temple is a complex of around 20 small temples and is dedicated to Lord Shiva. This 7th century temple has sculpture of amorous couples, lions, elephants and birds.
The Mukteswara temple is another ancient 10th Century temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, the torana or the gateway is worth a watch, her for it’s fusion of Buddhist and Hindu styles of Architecture.
Next to the Mukteswara Temple is the Kedareswara temple, another temple dedicated to Shiva, again famous for it’s sculptures of women, animals, birds.
Another famous Shaiva temple in Odisha is the Ashtashambu located in Bhubaneshwar, 8 identical temples dedicated to Shiva, in which 5 temples are in one alignment called as Panchu Pandava.
The Ajaikapada Bhairava temple, located in Jagatsinghpur district, has Shiva standing just on one feet, which also accounts for it's name. The original temple was destroyed during Muslim invasions and it was subsequently rebuilt later.
The Dhabaleshwar Temple on a small island in the Mahanadi River, near Cuttack. The temple is entirely white in color, and was built by King Yayati Keshari, it is now looked after by the Athagarh royal family.
One very famous Shaiva Kshetra is Gupteshwar in Koraput district, where the Shiva Linga is located in a cave in very thick jungle. It is basically a limestone cave, and the Shiva Lingam here keeps growing in size every year.
Indralath Temple in Bolangir district, it's believed Indra worshipped Shiva here, which accounts for it's name. This is a brick temple built around 10-11th century during reign of Somvamshi rulers.
Kapilash Temple, located near Dhenkanal in a very thick forest, is worth a visit. You could either trek 1352 steps, through a thick jungle or take the winding ghat road. It's believed to be the site of Kapila Maharshi's Ashram.
The Leaning temple of Huma, around 23 km from Sambalpur, on the banks of the Mahanadi. To date none has been able to explain the reason for it's tilt. Shiva is worshipped here as Bimaleshwar.
Panchalingeswara Temple at Nilagiri, near to Balasore, so gets it's name from 5 Shivalingas enshrined in a hill, bathed by a perenial stream. This can be reached by a trek through the forests, and is another temple worth visiting.
Rajarani Temple in Bhubaneshwar, does not actually have a deity inside, and is famous for it's erotic sculptures. The 11th century temple constructed out of dull red and yellow sandstone, is considered a Shaiva Kshetra due to the sculptures on outside walls.
The Rameshwara Deula Temple is regarded as Mausi Maa of Lingaraja Temple. It's believed to have been built by Shri Rama himself, and one day before Ramnavami, the main deity in Lingaraja Temple comes here in the Rukuna Rath.
This is not a very exhaustive list of Shiva Temples in Odisha, I shared only the rather well known ones. While the state is more known for Jagannatha worship, there are equally large number of Shaiva Temples in every town and city here.
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Bonalu begins today, a celebration of Shakti in different forms of Grama Devatas. Though celebrated all over the state, it is the celebrations in Hyderabad that are quite famous.
It is a corruption of the word Bhojanalu (meals or a feast) where women devotees prepare rice cooked with milk and jaggery in a brass or earthern pot, adorned with neem leaves, haldi, kumkum, and a lamp on the pot. They carry the pot on their heads to make the offering to Ammavaru, along with Kumkum, saree and bangles too.
#Bonalu
Grama Devata Jatras are vibrant, deeply rooted village festivals across the South, dedicated to local guardian deities—often fierce forms of Shakti like Maisamma, Pochamma, Yellamma, Gangamma, and Poleramma.
These deities are believed to protect the village from disease, drought, and misfortune, and their Jatras (annual fairs or processions) are a way for the community to honor that protection.
They occur during the summer months or just before the monsoon, aligning with agricultural cycles and invoking divine blessings for rain and fertility.
And are marked by devotees offering animal sacrifices (in some traditions), turmeric, neem leaves, and bangles. The offerings are often made at shrines located on the village outskirts—symbolizing the deity’s role as a boundary guardian.
Today is Jayanti of Hiriye Kempe Gowda the founder of Bengaluru, born at Yelahanka in 1510, belonging to the Morasu Gowda clan, also called as the Yelahanka Prabhus.
He was the fourth in succession after the dynasty’s founder Rana Bhairave Gowda, and son of Kempananje Gowda.
His ancestors belonged to Kanchi and had moved to Karnataka in early 15th century to serve under the Vijayanagara Empire then.
Though predominantly Kannada speaking, they knew Telugu also. He got his education in a Gurukula at Aigondapura near Hessaraghata, and soon took over as chieftain in 1531.
It’s believed he got the idea of building a huge city, on an expedition to Shivanasamudra with his minister Veeranna and adviser Gidde Gowda.
With the permission of the Vijayanagara Emperor Achyutaraya, younger brother of Sri Krishnadeva Raya, he built the Bangalore Fort and the town surrounding it in 1537 AD, and moved his capital from Yelahanka to Bengaluru Pethe.
In my series on Andhra Pradesh, today taking a look at Srimukhalingam, in Srikakulam dt, one of the famous Shaiva Kshetras.
Located in the Jalumuru mandal of Srikakulam district, was the erstwhile capital of the Eastern Ganga dynasty for close to 6 centuries. However with Anantavarma Chodaganga Deva shifting the capital to Cuttack in 1135, the place lost it's prominence.
It was one of the main centers of Shaivism, more specifically of the Pasupati Shaiva sect. You can find the icon of Lakulisa, the founder of the sect, who is also believed to be one of Shiva's avatars too.
The sect was widespread in Gujarat, Rajasthan, from where it spread to Bengal, Odisha, and it's believed to have come to Mukhalingam around the 8th century. The Shaiva temples here date between 9th-11th centuries.
Of the Shaiva temples in Mukhalingam, the 3 most famous ones are Srimukhalingam, Bhimeswara Swamy and Someswara Swamy. Built in typical Kalinga style, the temples are noted for their rich sculpture.
The village gets it's name from the fact that Shiva's face appears on the Linga( Mukhalinga), and it's believed that a darshan of this Lingam, is as holy as a dip in the Ganga at Kashi.
What's in a name?
Quite a lot actually, the name of any city or town, gives a lot on it's background, history.
This thread is on the names of some well known cities in Andhra/Telangana, and the backdrop.
Vishakapatnam- Believed to be named after a temple dedicated to Vaishakha here, that has been washed away. Was also called Kulotungacholapatnam in ancient times. Vizagapatam/Waltair were the British names.
Bobilli- Famous for the battle here, the place gets it's name from Bebulli meaning Tiger, the town was founded by Pedda Rayudu, the 15th descendant of the Raja of Venkatagiri, who got this land as a grant from the Nawab of Chicacole.
Kakinada-During the rule of the Nandi kings, this was called "Kakinandiwada", was changed to Cocanada during British time, later reverted back to Kakinada. Another theory states that Rama killed the Asura, Kakasura here, hence the name. Also was called as Kakulawada.
The Chapekar brothers assasination of W.C.Rand in Pune, proves to be a turning point in the history of Indian freedom struggle, as it sparked off the flames of revolution in Maharashtra and beyond.
The Chapekar brothers hailed from Chapa, one of the small hamlets adjoining to Chinchwad, which in a way explains their surname too.
The eldest Damodar, was born in 1868, to Dwarka and Hari in a large joint family of twenty that included his parents, aunts, uncles and above all his grandfather, Vinayak, the patriarch. The other two brothers were Balakrishna and Vasudeo.
Though born into relative prosperity, the huge family would fall on hard days, mainly due to Vinayak’s rather unsuccessful business ventures. Damodar had memories of the trip he had made to Varanasi, with his grandfather, and taking a dip in the holy Ganga.
His father Hari, had learnt Sanskrit, and was prepared to take up the profession of a Kirtankar, people who usually made their living singing Kirtans, travelling from place to place.
The Ashadi Wari or the Pandharpur Wari is currently underway in Maharashtra, where the Warkaris, devotees of Vithoba, undertake the journey to Pandharpur, the abode of Vithoba, an avatara of Vishnu, by foot. A joyous celebration where Hindus join together cutting across all castes, walking by foot, singing kirtanas.
This post takes a look at the Warkaris, and the significance of the Wari.
The Ashadi Wari is the Yatra, that is held during the month of Ashada that culminates on Shayan Ekadashi, considered one of the holiest days for Vaishnavas.
It’s believed Vishnu goes to sleep on Adisesha, in the Ksheera Sagara for a period of four months, called the Chaturmasa, and he wakes up again in Karthika, on Prabhodhini Ekadashi. The Warkaris carry the Padukas of the Bhakti era saints Tukaram, Eknath and Jnaneswar from Dehu,Paithan and Alandi respectively.
Sant Jnaneswar was the one who wrote the Marathi commentary on Bhagavad Geeta called the Gnaneswari, as well as Amrutanubhav, both considered landmarks of Marathi literature. Sant Eknath and Sant Tukaram were famous for their Abhangas and Keertanas. The other prominent Sants were Chokamela, Namdev.