Indian society is so socially stratified that every single thing you say or do would be judged by the caste or ethnicity you belong to. It's as if a person has no individual will which can supersede such puny distinctions & everything has to depend on the community you belong to.
Oh Mr X you hold opinion Y, let's analyse your community, ah you belong to caste A and ethnicity B. Let me bring out some history which is totally irrelevant to your opinion to cancel your opinion without paying heed to anything said by you.
You ask me why Indians never explored the planet to find new places or people, I'll say when in a single village you can find 10 different peoples who have a plethora of reasons to stay distant from each other, why would one need to find more "peoples" ?
Some thoughts on power and how its abundance/ scarcity impacts the society :
We will take two examples : The West (USA in particular) & India. Both of them are pretty old civilizations. But their history in the last 100 years has an entirely different trajectory.
West has been growing in every way possible & India for the most part declining in most areas.
Let's assume a constant quantity called "power" which is measured on various scales like military, intellect, innovation, infrastructure, demographic, artistic etc.
West has most of the world's power while India has one of the lowest. One may assume that this does not affect things within a society but it does.
The overall power Indian civilization has is very low, add to this the huge population which puts per capita power even lower.