1/4 "also is the LEM (Lipid Energy Model) mutually exclusive with high LDL being atherogenic?"

Yes and no.

Yes -- in that the two should be treated as separate questions. It may well be that LEM is true, yet high LDL is independently atherogenetic and vice versa.

However...
2/4 No -- in that it was actually metabolic dynamics having an impact on lipid profiles that led me down the road we're at now.

Function vs dysfunction (or successful regulation vs unsuccessful regulation) having an upstream impact on lipid levels should be strongly considered.
3/4 But currently, it is assumed these influences are either irrelevant or the impact known -- at least to the extent that it is commonly assumed high LDL is pathogenic in every context (hence, little need to prospectively study metabolically healthy populations with high LDL)
4/4 Our #LMHRstudy is the first of its kind.

Actively excluding those with dysfunctional lipid metabolism of genetics (ie monogenetic FH) or of acquired disease (ie atherogenic dyslipidemia)

Yet their LDL-C levels are in the highest 0.1% of the population (~260 mg/dL thus far)

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
 

Keep Current with Dave Feldman

Dave Feldman Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @realDaveFeldman

Feb 7
1/ Got lots of pings on this one (including from @theproof)

But it's worth unpacking just how many variables are in play and why I obsess so much about controlling for them when the shifts are relatively small...
2/ If you're just tuning in, I've done over 50 experiments with many of them hypercontrolled (like below) where I literally eat to an exact meal plan with exact timing, have nearly identical exercise, and try to sync sleep schedule as best as possible. cholesterolcode.com/the-oxldl-repl…
3/ It's because I know there's already a lot of things that can alter lipid levels even in the very short term. Not just days, but *hours*.

Check out this prelim data where I was testing 6 times over each day. And these are the means of the last 3 days...
Read 12 tweets
Feb 2
1/2 Example 1:
🚬 Imagine if the average person from the moment they're born were taught to be 2 pack a day smoker.

⛔️ Now imagine a fraction were born into families that were 0 pack a day smokers.

Would we expect that latter group to have greater longevity than the former?
2/2 Example 2:
Now imagine most people averaged 100 #LDL cholesterol over their lifetime.

But a fraction were born with a genetic mutation that kept their average at 20.

Would we expect that latter group to have greater longevity?
If genetically low LDL/ApoB had universally a net benefit -- this would be strong evidence that indeed this particle is pathogenic -- which is to say, disease-causing overall (not just atherogenic)

But does existing genetic data support this hypothesis? Is there clear longevity?
Read 5 tweets
Feb 1
1/4 Interesting study regarding #LDL-C vs all cause mortality*

✅NHANES -- so it's #OpenScience 👏
✅Lowest LDL-C associates with highest ACM
⚠️ No short term censoring (more on this below)

(*had in my reading list, but forgot until ht
@BobJohnson462) nature.com/articles/s4159…
2/4
A couple notes...

1️⃣ Many assume the higher ACM associated with LDL-C is due to "reverse causality". It's a hypothesis, to be sure, but one I think worth exploring.

Thus, it would have been ideal of the authors tried at least one or more analyses censoring 2-3 years.
3/4
2️⃣ As always, be aware these data are observational.

And as I say often👇

(Always worth a mention of Bradford Hill and his criteria, btw)
Read 4 tweets
Jan 30
Yes, read it when it came out.

For those who've followed my work and know where I'm coming from, WHY would I fully expect LDL-TG (triglyceride content per LDL particle) to closely associate with atherosclerosis?

(By now this should be a very easy question.)
2/ Let's start with causal directionality.

Which of the following are possible?

1) High LDL-TG is causing higher atherosclerosis

2) One or more things are causing both higher LDL-TG and higher atherosclerosis
Answer is: Both are possible.

Now that said, it is way more common for people to only consider (1) and not (2)

I regularly do my best to get folks to consider (2) as well -- and have been doing so for several years now.
Read 7 tweets
Jan 26
I don’t want to bias the results, but I’ll concede my answer would depend on the population criteria.
For example, I’ve known many who are into fitness (or just now getting into it) that are seeing better results on PE.

To be sure, that’s anecdotal, and it’s hard to know for sure if they were getting adequate protein in the first place…
… conversely, I’ve also seen a kind of resurgence in people discovering KetoAF after struggling with various versions of keto (high protein or not). Many have health challenges, with many of those preventing their being fitness-centric. (Thus, confounder + cofounder potentially)
Read 4 tweets
Jan 9
Great comments today via @Lpa_Doc -- please note his precise language. 👇

I'm going to thread 🧵 this and his other comments and then add some of my own...

/1
2/ "My point is, there is no athero or chronic vascular inflammation without a lipid disorder."

I have a nuanced difference with Sam on this -- but the important point here is that we need to disentangle the disorder/disfunction from the athero to test..

3/ In other words, to confirm/disconfirm the contribution of LDL-P independently to atherosclerosis, we'd want to look to populations without a likely form of disorder or dysfunction (be it genetic or acquired).

Obviously, I think LMHRs provide a unique opportunity on this...
Read 5 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!


This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal

Or Donate anonymously using crypto!

Ethereum

0xfe58350B80634f60Fa6Dc149a72b4DFbc17D341E copy

Bitcoin

3ATGMxNzCUFzxpMCHL5sWSt4DVtS8UqXpi copy

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us on Twitter!

:(