The #Righteous during World War Two 1/n In 2019, a non-Jewish couple who risked their lives to help shelter Jewish filmmaker Roman Polanski during World War II have posthumously been named 'Righteous among the Nations' by Israel's World
2/n Holocaust Remembrance Center.
The Buchala family was poor. They lived in a small house in the village of Wysoka, near the southern Polish city of Krakow. Dinner usually consisted of potatoes; sometimes there was milk. In late summer, there might be blueberries and mushrooms.
3/n There were already three children to feed but Stefania and Jan did not hesitate to help the young Jewish boy
4/n whose father had smuggled him out of the Krakow ghetto in March 1943. He was nine-years-old and had been handed from one family to the next before ending up with the Buchalas where he stayed until the end of the war in 1945. The Buchala children assumed that "Romek" was their
5/n brother. And after the war, they said he had gone to the US.
They never knew he had grown up to become famous film director Roman Polanski.
6/6 Polanski, for his part, remembered the "good" that Stefania had shown him and said what her and her husband, Jan, had done for him was "incredible." He added that daily life had been a "struggle for survival".
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Anna Essinger was born on 15 September 1879 in Ulm, Germany to Fanny and Leopold Essinger, a non-observant Jewish couple. She was the oldest of nine children.
1/n She smuggled her entire school out of Nazi Germany in 1933, and made her school-in-exile in England a haven for
2/n refugees and displaced children before and after the war. When Hitler came into power, Essinger quietly boycotted the Nazi Regime. When all buildings were required to fly the Nazi flag for Hitler’s birthday, Essinger took the children on a day trip so that they would not have
3/n to see the flag. She quickly realised the dangers posed by the Nazis, and secured permission from the parents of 66 children to relocate the boarding school to South England in 1933. She transferred control of the boarding school in Germany to Hugo Rosenthal and it became
Krysia Kucynski - Love, marriage & tragedy in the ghetto 1/n
"For me it was love at first sight, but for him it began slowly..."
Krysia Kucynski, born in 1922, married Salomon (Salek) Kucynski in the Sosnowiec ghetto. When the ghetto was liquidated, the young people were sent
2/n to Annaberg camp, where they worked making army equipment. The women made soup from leftovers, thrown away by the kitchen and food stolen from the Germans; they shared it with the men, smuggling it out at night. Krysia had a large coat under which she concealed the soup.
3/n "I met Salek about two months after the war began. Salek was studying engineering in Warsaw and was about to be married to a girl who’d come down with typhus. She died. He was in a ghastly mood. Then his mother telephoned my mother and asked her to introduce me to Salek.
@auschwitzxhibit 1/n IG Farben put the pieces of the deal in place between February and April 1941. The company bought the land from the treasury for a knock-down price, after it had been seized from its Polish owners without compensation; their houses were vacated and demolished.
@auschwitzxhibit 2/n At the same time, the German authorities expelled the Jews from Oświęcim (resettling them in Sosnowiec and Chrzanów), confiscated their homes, and sold them to IG Farben as housing for company employees brought in from Germany. Some local Polish residents were dispossessed
@auschwitzxhibit 3/n in the same way. Finally, IG Farben officials reached an agreement with the concentration camp commandant on hiring prisoners at a preferential rate of 3 to 4 marks per day for the labor of auxiliary and skilled construction workers.
@AuschwitzMuseum 1/n Hungarian children between the age of 11 and 15 were brought to the Ellrich subcamp. The memory of their suffering haunted the survivors for many decades to come. The kids were assigned in adult work commandos but received reduced child rations. They were clearing the rubbles
@AuschwitzMuseum 2/n of a factory or cleaned reeds and dried swamps with their bare hands, standing inthigh-highwater. Adult prisoners separated a corner for them in Block 5 in order for the 20 kids to stay together. They slept on blankets spread on the ground.
A toddler's pair of shoes
@AuschwitzMuseum 3/n “Throughout the blackout (from around eleven o’ clock at night until five o’ clock in the morning), the voices of these children could be heard whimpering, and, it seemed, calling out for their parents who would never come…
The #Righteous amongst us 1/n Alphonse and Emilie Gonsette and their son Émile, from Gosselies north of Charleroi, are members of the Belgian resistance network MNB. Arrested by the Gestapo in 1942 with seven other students, Émile was shot dead in Charleroi.
2/n Although their home was under constant Gestapo surveillance, when Mademoiselle Dessent, a member of the Resistance, contacted them in 1943 to ask them to take in a two-year-old Jewish child whose mother had been arrested, they did not hesitate not for a moment.
3/n The young Simon Weissblum is a weak child, who will have to undergo two operations during the war during his stay with the Gonsettes. The surgeon who operated on him, Doctor Perçoit, refused to be paid when he learned that the child was Jewish and kept him in the hospital for
How French notaries benefited from Jewish property in the Holocaust 1/n After 10 September 1940 the Vichy government allowed the appointment of administrators to manage Jewish enterprises. The Vichy law of 22 July 1941 determined that such monies were to be deposited with
2/n the Caisse des Depots et Consignations (CDC), a French public sector financial institution. The economic ‘aryanization’ was gradual and had both French and German elements. The initial discriminatory ‘statute of the Jews’ was an initiative and decision of Vichy.
3/n Initially the German decrees were only applied in German-occupied Northern France. From 22 July 1941 the economic aryanization was extended to unoccupied Southern France.
In Paris and its surroundings about 31,000 files were opened.