#WomensHistoryMonth
Florence Nightingale
The nurse who changed hospitals for the better
BY: JOHNNA RIZZO
2/14
Florence Nightingale just wanted to help. As a young woman in England in the 1840s, she saw how hard it was for poor people to get help when they were sick.
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She wanted to be a nurse, but her rich parents thought that the job was beneath her, that she should instead marry a wealthy man. Defying what most women of her time would do, she went to Germany to study nursing.
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Born on May 12, 1820, Nightingale was smart and observant. At her first job in the early 1850s, caring for sick teachers in London, England, she became superintendent after quickly showing her talent for helping the sick get better.
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It was also when she developed ideas that would change healthcare forever.
The mostly male doctors of the day focused on treating the diseases patients came into the hospital with, and not necessarily on how the diseases spread.
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(The idea of germs spreading diseases hadn’t quite caught on yet.) But while volunteering at a hospital during a cholera outbreak, Nightingale noticed that people were catching and spreading diseases inside the hospital itself.
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It was then she realized that dirty conditions inside hospitals might be spreading diseases, and that if hospitals were cleaner, patients might be safer.
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In 1853, England and France went to war with Russia in what is now Turkey, an event called the Crimean War. Nightingale was asked to lead a team of 38 nurses at the British military hospital in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey).
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When she arrived, she was shocked to discover that more soldiers were dying from infectious diseases like typhoid and cholera than from battle wounds.
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Taking charge, she had the hospital scrubbed, then created diagrams and graphs to show that if hospitals were cleaner, fewer people would die. According to some sources, because of her efforts the hospital’s death rate dropped from about 40 percent to around 2 percent.
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The “Lady With the Lamp”—soldiers’ nickname for her because of her habit of walking dark hallways to care for them—returned to England after the war ended in 1856.
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Two years later she became the first woman member of the Royal Statistical Society for her use of graphs in healthcare, and in 1860 she founded the Nightingale Home and Training School for Nurses to properly train healthcare workers.
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King George V sent Nightingale a personal birthday message on her 90th birthday; she died a few months later on August 13, 1910.
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But even today, doctors and nurses care for patients using the safe methods that she developed, making sure that those patients’ health only improves when they enter a hospital.
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Eleanor Roosevelt:
The woman who set the standard for modern first ladies to help their fellow citizens
BY: JOHNNA RIZZO
2/14
Even though Eleanor Roosevelt was born into a well-to-do New York family on October 11, 1884, she did not have a happy childhood. By the time she was 10 years old, she had lost both her parents and a younger brother.
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Her grandmother, whose care she was under, was a stern woman and kept her away from almost everyone except a few family members.
Voting rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer died on March 14, 1977, in Mound Bayou, Mississippi.
By: Natelege Whaley
2/7 Fannie Lou Hamer, an activist who spent her career encouraging African-Americans to register to vote and to fight racial segregation, died of cancer in Mound Bayou, Mississippi, on March 14, 1977.
3/7 Hamer was born on Oct. 6, 1917, in Montgomery County, Mississippi, and was the youngest of 20 children. Her parents were sharecroppers in the Mississippi Delta area. At the age of 12, she dropped out of school & helped her family on a plantation where they worked full time.
#WomensHistoryMonth
Rosa Parks:
How her refusal to give up her seat sparked a movement
BY: C.M. TOMLIN
2/9 Rosa Parks stood up for African Americans—by sitting down.
Although Abraham Lincoln’s 1863 Emancipation Proclamation granted slaves their freedom, for many years Black people were discriminated against in much of the United States.
3/9 In southern states, for instance, most Black children were forced to attend separate schools from white kids in classrooms that were often rundown, with outdated books.
The first Black Girl Scouts troop was formed on March 12, 1917.
By: Dominique Zonyéé
2/5 Although the Girl Scouts began as an all-white organization in 1912, a Black Girl Scouts Group emerged not long after on March 12, 1917, most likely in the New York area.
3/5 The formation of the Black troops well before the civil rights movement solidified the Girl Scouts place in the desegregation movement as it also pushed to unify girls of all colors. In 1956, Martin Luther King Jr. described the Girl Scouts as "a force for desegregation."
The computer programmer who had ideas long before there were computers
BY: ELIZABETH HILFRANK
2/13
Most wealthy women of the 1800s did not study math and science. Ada Lovelace excelled at them—and became what some say is the world’s first computer programmer.
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Born in England on December 10, 1815, Ada was the daughter of the famous poet Lord George Byron and his wife, Lady Anne Byron. Her father left the family just weeks after Ada’s birth, but her mother insisted that her daughter have expert tutors to teach her math and science.