Eleanor Roosevelt:
The woman who set the standard for modern first ladies to help their fellow citizens
BY: JOHNNA RIZZO
2/14
Even though Eleanor Roosevelt was born into a well-to-do New York family on October 11, 1884, she did not have a happy childhood. By the time she was 10 years old, she had lost both her parents and a younger brother.
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Her grandmother, whose care she was under, was a stern woman and kept her away from almost everyone except a few family members.
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But as she grew older, she realized that other people were much worse off, & she wanted to make their lives better. She helped new immigrants adjust to life in the United States, started investigating poor working conditions at factories, & visited soldiers during WW1.
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Then in 1929, the country entered the Great Depression, a time when a quarter of Americans did not have jobs and couldn’t afford to eat.
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By the time her husband, Franklin D. Roosevelt, became president in 1933, she was ready to do whatever she could to help her fellow Americans.
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Because the president had contracted polio in 1921 and couldn’t move without a wheelchair or crutches, Roosevelt became his “eyes, ears, and legs.”
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She travelled the country to report on how Americans were living and who was being treated unfairly. She also gave speeches urging people to treat children, women, and racial minorities with respect and fairness.
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But she didn’t just talk—and many people didn’t always approve of things she did. As first lady, she held press conferences just for female reporters. She created homes and jobs for African-American coal miners who had lost their jobs in West Virginia
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And in 1939, she quit an organization called the Daughters of the American Revolution after they wouldn’t allow African-American singer Marian Anderson to perform; Roosevelt then arranged for her to sing at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
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Roosevelt changed what it meant to be a first lady, using her influence to help other Americans. And even after her husband died in 1945, other presidents wanted her help as well.
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President Harry S. Truman, who became president after Roosevelt, sent her as a delegate to the United Nations.
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There she served as chairman of the Commission on Human Rights and helped write the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which lists all the fundamental human rights that must be protected.
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Although she died on November 7, 1962, the declaration is just part of her legacy that continues to inspire people to look out for their fellow humans.
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Voting rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer died on March 14, 1977, in Mound Bayou, Mississippi.
By: Natelege Whaley
2/7 Fannie Lou Hamer, an activist who spent her career encouraging African-Americans to register to vote and to fight racial segregation, died of cancer in Mound Bayou, Mississippi, on March 14, 1977.
3/7 Hamer was born on Oct. 6, 1917, in Montgomery County, Mississippi, and was the youngest of 20 children. Her parents were sharecroppers in the Mississippi Delta area. At the age of 12, she dropped out of school & helped her family on a plantation where they worked full time.
#WomensHistoryMonth
Rosa Parks:
How her refusal to give up her seat sparked a movement
BY: C.M. TOMLIN
2/9 Rosa Parks stood up for African Americans—by sitting down.
Although Abraham Lincoln’s 1863 Emancipation Proclamation granted slaves their freedom, for many years Black people were discriminated against in much of the United States.
3/9 In southern states, for instance, most Black children were forced to attend separate schools from white kids in classrooms that were often rundown, with outdated books.
#WomensHistoryMonth
Florence Nightingale
The nurse who changed hospitals for the better
BY: JOHNNA RIZZO
2/14
Florence Nightingale just wanted to help. As a young woman in England in the 1840s, she saw how hard it was for poor people to get help when they were sick.
3/14
She wanted to be a nurse, but her rich parents thought that the job was beneath her, that she should instead marry a wealthy man. Defying what most women of her time would do, she went to Germany to study nursing.
The first Black Girl Scouts troop was formed on March 12, 1917.
By: Dominique Zonyéé
2/5 Although the Girl Scouts began as an all-white organization in 1912, a Black Girl Scouts Group emerged not long after on March 12, 1917, most likely in the New York area.
3/5 The formation of the Black troops well before the civil rights movement solidified the Girl Scouts place in the desegregation movement as it also pushed to unify girls of all colors. In 1956, Martin Luther King Jr. described the Girl Scouts as "a force for desegregation."
The computer programmer who had ideas long before there were computers
BY: ELIZABETH HILFRANK
2/13
Most wealthy women of the 1800s did not study math and science. Ada Lovelace excelled at them—and became what some say is the world’s first computer programmer.
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Born in England on December 10, 1815, Ada was the daughter of the famous poet Lord George Byron and his wife, Lady Anne Byron. Her father left the family just weeks after Ada’s birth, but her mother insisted that her daughter have expert tutors to teach her math and science.