Watch our overnight analysis of yesterday's #Budget2023 here:
.@PJTheEconomist opens our event with his opening remarks, followed by four presentations on the public finances and public spending, tax changes, the changes to Universal Credit and disability benefits and childcare changes.
Watch live here:
@PJTheEconomist: “The overall outlook for the public finances still looks difficult.”
“Tax continues to rise to its highest ever level,” but “even with very tight spending pencilled in from 2024, debt is barely falling.”
“Mr Hunt was hemmed in by his own fiscal target to get debt falling in the last year of the forecast period.”
“This is not a terribly sensible way of being guided by such [fiscal] rules.” @PJTheEconomist
.@PJTheEconomist says that the changes to childcare announced yesterday will make this "one of the few budgets that will be remembered in ten years time."
There is an “overwhelming focus on providing childcare to working families to reduce their costs and allow more parents to work,” notes @PJTheEconomist.
A “big shift from spending on poor children to a universal offer for those with working parents.”
The lack of coherent strategy on pension tax “remains deeply disappointing.”
"There is a case for allowing people to save more in a pension, even if those who gain will generally be on high incomes", but the overgenerous aspects of pension taxation weren't fixed –@PJTheEconomist
@PJTheEconomist – "There has been a complete lack of apparent long-term strategy is corporation tax.”
“Government needs to learn that stability and consistent long-term strategy are vital for companies looking to invest and therefore for securing better living standards.”
“The pretence that fuel duties will always rise next year, when they never rise this year, is becoming increasingly wearisome," says @PJTheEconomist.
"It makes a bit of a nonsense of the fiscal forecasts if you can't even undo a supposedly temporary 5p a litre cut to duty.”
“There was no discussion of public spending.”
But we’re now going to spend more on childcare and defence, meaning “real spending plans are even tighter than announced in November.” @PJTheEconomist
.@PJTheEconomist – "We can’t keep cutting the pay of teachers, nurses and civil servants, both in real terms and relative to the private sector, without consequences for recruitment, retention and service delivery."
"The argument that this is not affordable founders on the fact that Mr Hunt found £20 billion a year yesterday for other things," @PJTheEconomist says on public sector pay deals.
Carl Emmerson presents on the public finance risks and the public spending in our #Budget2023 analysis event.
Watch live here:
The @OBR_UK are now among the most optimistic of forecasters on growth, and expect the economy to be 0.6% bigger in 2027 than under its previous forecast.
This would be stronger growth than under @bankofengland's forecast, but still poor compared to the long-run average.
Inflation may be coming down, but prices remain much higher than two years ago and earnings haven’t caught up.
@OBR_uk’s still projects that real household disposable incomes will be no higher in 2027 than they were in 2019.
The expansion of free childcare entitlements is to exacerbate one of the largest distortions you are likely to see in a tax and benefit system, meaning some parents could be worse off overall even after a pay rise of tens of thousands of pounds.
Free 30hr entitlements will remain unavailable when earnings cross £100k. That huge “cliff-edge” will now be extended to high-earning parents of under-3s, and increased sharply for many high earners with 2+ preschool children. This can lead to extraordinarily perverse incentives.
A parent with a 1 year-old and a 2-year old in England, paying an hourly rate for 40 hours a week for childcare, could see their disposable income fall by £14.5k if their pre-tax pay crosses £100k.
A parent in this situation on £130k would be worse off than one earning £99.9k.
Borrowing in the later forecast years was revised down, by £17 billion or 0.6% of national income.
However, this still leaves borrowing higher than in the forecast produced before Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine.
A bigger workforce and stronger-than-expected tax revenues allowed the Chancellor to meet his debt target by a margin of £6 billion, similar to in November.
This margin is tiny relative to the uncertainty involved.
The government has announced that Local Housing Allowance (LHA) rates, which determine the maximum amount of housing support available to private renters in the benefit system, will remain frozen at their Sep 2019 level for 2023–24.
THREAD 1/7 on the consequences for recipients:
Back in 2012–13, Local Housing Allowance (LHA) rates were set to the 30th percentile of rent in the area.
This meant a family on benefits could rent one of the cheapest 30% of homes in their area and have their rent fully covered if their income & assets were low enough.
[2/7]
But the next 7 years saw LHA uprated by a mix of CPI inflation, 1%, and zero, resulting in significant gaps in housing support.
In 2020 the government returned all LHA rates to the 30th percentile of local rents as of Sept 2019, but they've been frozen at that level since.
[3/7]
NEW: Successive changes to the UK benefits system have pushed more people into work, but usually into part-time, low-paid work with limited career progression.
Working-age benefit spending steadily increased between the late 1970s and 2010, both in real terms per capita and as a share of GDP.
Policy choices since 2010 have reduced working-age benefit spending. About half of all benefits spending now goes to families in work.
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Tax credit reforms in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and the introduction of universal credit, have incentivised benefits recipients to move into part-time work.
But things have gone in the opposite direction for moving from part- to full-time work.