Alice Evans Profile picture
Mar 19, 2023 9 tweets 4 min read Read on X
Thousands marched for #March8M; what did they want?
Here’s a popular post on IG:

I am a woman & I do not need

- a partner to be complete
- children
- be a rehabilitation center for my partner
- your opinion about my body
- yearn to marry
- abandon my project to fit with others Image
“We fight for the same cause, that no women suffer ANY type of violence.

I want Cami to know that she can do whatever she wants; rebellious, brave, intelligent.. not what others want you to be. She learns to set limits and say no, and when they tell you you can't, keep trying”. Image
“My first time marching and my DAUGHTER was my main reason

-I am the mother of the girl you will never touch 💜💜💜

MARCHED for all those who could not go, for all those who are not yet ready to go out and shout, I was the cry of all”

instagram.com/p/CplVYAApxz_/ Image
10 days ago, thousands and thousands marched in all of Mexico’s major cities ImageImage
Reading the the instagram posts tagged #Marcha8M,

I see two common feminist critiques:

- Gender stereotypes (women should be mothers or delicate/ princesses)

- Impunity for male violence.

The overwhelming push is for freedom of self-actualisation and freedom from violence. Image
I have not really seen discussions about

- specific government policies (like a short school day)
- economic outcomes (eg gender pay gaps)
- gender identity

The onus is very much on a rejection of Catholic ideals of maternalism and male violence.
As always, the marches have triggered conservative backlash

Mexican feminists reply:

“That’s because you are frightened by those who fight and not by those who die”

instagram.com/p/CpgloVOvzKh/ Image
Feminist marches can break what I call the “Despondency Trap”.

If women stay afraid & silent, then male violence persists with impunity.

By conveying wider support & legitimacy, marches can embolden greater defiance.

This text provides a key insight:

Cc @AlessandraVoena Image
Even in a very interconnected world of social media,

It’s striking that the Mexican feminist banners and protest slogans all emphasise local priorities, principally freedom from maternalism & male violence.

Very different from current discourses among progressives in the US.

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More from @_alice_evans

Jul 14
Huaulu women are excluded from positions of authority & priesthood, & denied a voice in judicial meetings.

The cited justification is polluting menstruation.

This is a great example of how societies institutionalised patriarchy by making up reasons for women’s inferiority Image
This is a good example of why gender equality isn’t just driven by getting women into the workforce,

Or some kind of self help group, or income-generating activity,

But rather a process of secular-scientific thinking, rejecting patriarchal religion.
The next time someone tells you that Hunter gatherers live in “gender harmony” or are “gender equal”

Ask them about the mountainous HG Huaulu of Northern Central Seram

Or how any of these HGs treat menstruation Image
Read 14 tweets
Jul 14
Did the West invent democracy, feminism and queerness?

No.

1) Small-scale societies were often heterarchical, with Reverse Dominance Coalitions (Boehm, Stasavage)

2) Women's orgs in the Gulf of Guinea (Achebe)

3) Queerness in SouthEast Asia & SSA (see Ong, Epprecht)



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That said, it is also true that many books have massively exaggerated liberal progressivism in many parts of the world.

Eg DoE.
And there is a great deal the West can learn from other societies

Rituals, for example, play a hugely important role in reinforcing social cohesion & identity

The West is now “bowling alone”, and as Harvey Whitehouse persuasively argues, we can learn from Guinea’s group rituals Image
Read 4 tweets
Jul 12
Some feminist anthropologists accuse Westerners of failing to recognise women’s “hidden powers” & “spheres of influence”.

Eg 1970s Java:

When a young couple eloped, the boy’s father spoke at the formal event

But actually it was the mother who did all the prior investigation Image
But here’s the plot twist

The mother did all the prior investigation, because she had less spiritual potency and less status, so is permitted to speak more freely and openly.

Whereas men guard their potency by exercising restraint. Image
This is such a fabulous example of why observation, artefacts & surveys designed by outsiders are truly inadequate

Anthropology is absolutely vital in teaching us culturally specific meaning Image
Read 15 tweets
Jul 12
What led to the global rise of Salafism?

1) Saudi oil wealth - funding mosques, madrasas, training

2) Arab prestige bias + technology -> people in peripheral countries could learn from the Islamic heartland

3) Under-development

🧵
Yuki Shiozaki has a fascinating article on how SouthEast Asian fatwas have changed over the past 150 years!!!

This is brilliant data.

In the 19th century, Muslims in SouthEast requested fatwas from muftis in the Shaft school in Mecca

Ahmad Al-Fathani was a Thai mufti, Shafi’i Image
The Shafi’i school was initially developed in Baghdad & Cairo, then spread to South East Asia.

So the fact that fatwas were requested from a Thai Muslim in Mecca, following Shafi’i Islam, indicates both Arab prestige bias and local diversity. Image
Read 14 tweets
Jul 3
Southeast Asia was described by some Western observers as exceptionally gender equal.

However here’s an important caution

Outsiders may not necessarily be able to identify status

Eg Buddhist women were economically active in markets, but this actually signified impurity Image
Which figure is more powerful?

Cakil (left) or Arjuna (right)? Image
If these were just artefacts, without literary guidance or oral histories, we might assume big Cakil is more powerful

Right?
Read 7 tweets
Jul 1
Some argue that the MENA was religiously authoritarian, in which values were enforced by strong states.

But what about preacher Barbahari in Baghdad?

His followers challenged men & women walking together.

The caliph wanted but struggled to suppress their activism Image
In his book “Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong”,

Cook details that the “Hanbalites were thus a serious problem for the police, and a tribulation for Baghdadis who did not share their values”

Indicates state weakness & some ideological diversity.
Wow!

In 1072, the Hanbalites demanded the caliph take action against prostitutes, brothels and liquor sellors

The caliph tried to comply

BUT THE BROTHELS WERE UNDER THE PROTECTION OF THE SELJUQ CITY GOVERNOR!! Image
Read 16 tweets

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