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Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
@CraigBaird
Mar 19, 2023 • 5 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
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It is #IrishHeritageMonth and this is the story of the Irish Famine Immigrants in Toronto!

In 1847, Toronto had a population of 20,000 people but between May and October of that year, it saw the influx of 38,560 Irish immigrants, fleeing the Irish Famine.

🧵1/5
The immigrants had travelled on overcrowded ships across the ocean, with the goal of settling on land in Canada West.
Unfortunately, many were sick with typhus.
Bishop Michael Power tended to the immigrants before he died of typhus on Oct. 1, 1847 at the age of 42.

🧵2/5
Knowing a huge influx of immigrants was arriving, Toronto created its first board of public health in February 1847.
The board built a dozen sheds for immigrants suffering from typhus, located on the corner of King and John Street.

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By the end of 1847, 1,186 of the immigrants had died, with 1,100 buried in a mass grave by St. Paul's Basilica at Queen St E. & Power Street.
Despite the influx of people, by 1848 most of the Irish immigrants had moved on beyond Toronto to find family, land & work.

🧵4/5
It is believed only 781 of the Irish Famine immigrants settled in Toronto.
They settled in what became known as Cabbagetown, located near Parliament and Gerrard St. E.
It received that name because the immigrants used their lawns to grow cabbage.

🧵5/5

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More from @CraigBaird

Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 29
In 2006, after the Alberta government had a huge surplus, three million people received a cheque for $400.
Officially called Prosperity Bonus, the cheques were more widely known as Ralph Bucks, named after Premier Ralph Klein.
This is the story.

🧵 1/7 Image
In November 2004, the Progressive Conservatives won their 10th consecutive majority government. While it was another election win for the party, the party was worried after it saw the popular vote fall from 61.9% to 46.8%, its lowest since 1993.

🧵 2/7 Newspaper front page with the headline Klein wins big and a subheadline stating that Liberals and NDP gained seats at the Tories’ expense. A large central photo shows Ralph Klein smiling and raising his hand. On the left is an editorial column titled And now Mr. Premier, what is the plan? On the right, a smaller article discusses a Liberal breakthrough in Calgary with a small portrait of Kevin Taft. Additional text and smaller headlines appear along the bottom of the page.
In September 2005, Premier Ralph Klein announced that the province had a $6.8 billion surplus due to high oil and gas prices. This was far above the $2.8 billion that was previously estimated in the 2005-06 budget, and part of that would go to Albertans.

🧵 3/7 Ralph Klein standing outdoors in front of a building entrance, wearing a dark suit, white shirt, and patterned tie. He faces slightly to the left with a neutral expression while speaking to reporters. Several microphones are held up toward him, including one with a visible Global logo. Glass doors and part of the building facade appear in the background.
Read 8 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 21
From 1928 to 1972, the Alberta Eugenics Board imposed sterilization on individuals deemed by an appointed board to be "mentally defective".
In that time, 2,832 sterilizations were conducted, the vast majority without consent.
This is the story.

🧵 1/10 Black-and-white photograph of four adults posed outdoors in front of leafy trees. Two people stand in the back row: a woman on the left wearing a light-coloured dress with a cloche-style hat and a corsage pinned to her chest, and a man on the right in a suit and tie with his hands clasped in front of him. In the foreground, two men sit on the ground. The man on the left sits with one knee raised and his arm resting casually on it, while the man on the right sits beside him wearing round eyeglasses and a suit. Both are smiling slightly. The setting appears to be a garden or park, with dens...
In the early-1900s, eugenics was growing in popularity. By the early-1920s, eugenics supporters began to lobby Alberta's ruling party, the United Farmers of Alberta, to implement eugenics legislation. On March 25, 1927, the UFA introduced a sexual sterilization bill.

🧵 2/10 Black-and-white illustration of a large tree labeled Eugenics, with the word displayed prominently across a banner at the top of the tree. The trunk and roots spread outward, with various fields labeled along the roots, including biology, psychology, genetics, anthropology, history, geology, and archaeology. Text on either side of the tree reads Eugenics is the self direction on the left and of human evolution on the right. Additional labels appear among the roots, such as statistics, genealogy, sociology, education, and religion. A caption at the bottom reads Like a tree eugenics draws i...
The bill was opposed by the Conservative and Liberal parties and did not reach second reading. It was reintroduced on Feb. 23, 1928 and passed one month later.
The Act formed the Alberta Eugenics Board, which was chaired by Dr. J.M. MacEachran.

🧵 3/10 Black-and-white close-up portrait of a man outdoors. He is shown from the shoulders up, wearing a suit jacket, collared shirt, and tie. His hair is short and neatly combed, and he has a slight smile. The background is softly blurred with foliage, suggesting a garden or park setting.
Read 11 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 15
In pre-colonial Canada, the First Nations established many prominent settlements.
Two of the most famous were Hochelaga and Stadacona, located on the sites of Montreal and Quebec City.
These two villages were home to nearly 4,000 people.
This is their story.

🧵 1/9 Overhead view of a detailed scale model showing a circular fortified settlement surrounded by a wooden palisade wall. Inside the enclosure, numerous long, oval-shaped bark-covered longhouses are arranged across an open central area. Narrow pathways run between the buildings, and small figures are placed throughout the village. Outside the palisade, dense forest with green, yellow, and red foliage surrounds the site, suggesting an autumn landscape.
It is not known when Hochelaga first appeared.
Historians believe the village was established at some point between 1200 CE and 1500 CE. The village apparently sat at the base of Mount Royal, and was surrounded by farmland.

🧵2/9 Historical illustration showing a gathering of Indigenous people and European men near a wooden structure in a village setting. In the foreground, a woman wearing a long patterned garment bends toward a small child standing beside her. To the right, a man stands on a ladder leaning against a wooden wall while another woman stands nearby. In the middle distance, a European man in a blue coat holds a flag with white cross symbols while other men stand behind him carrying flags and staffs. Around them, numerous Indigenous men and women stand or walk through the scene, many wearing traditional ...
The size of the village varied by the time of year. When Jacques Cartier arrived in 1535 it had between 1000 and 3000 people.
Within the village there was at least 50 homes, according to Cartier.
Each home measured 15 metres in length and 3.5-4.5 metres in width.

🧵3/9 Colour historical illustration depicting a meeting between European explorers and an Indigenous community in a large village. In the foreground, a bearded European man in armor kneels and speaks with an Indigenous man seated on the ground while other Indigenous men sit nearby watching. Behind them stand European soldiers in helmets and armor holding flags and weapons. The background shows rows of longhouses enclosed by a tall wooden palisade, with many people gathered throughout the settlement. Forested hills rise in the distance under a pale sky.
Read 10 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 15
There is a unique dialect of the Irish language that evolved in Newfoundland and became forever linked with the island.
It is called Newfoundland Irish and many work to keep the language alive.
This is the story.

🧵 1/7 Coastal landscape showing several red wooden buildings scattered across grassy terrain near the water. A small red house with white trim stands in the foreground on the right, while additional red sheds and houses sit farther back along the shoreline. Wooden fences run through the grass, and a couple of small white boats rest upside down on the ground. In the distance, more houses line the opposite side of the inlet under a clear sky with warm evening light.
Irish immigrants arrived on the island to work in the late-1600s. Over the next 200 years, the Irish language was used heavily on the island, and became its own dialect. Church services were even done in Newfoundland Irish on the island.

🧵2/7 Black and white engraving showing a crowded dockside scene with dozens of men, women, and children gathered near a large steamship. People wear 19th-century clothing including shawls, long skirts, coats, and brimmed hats. In the foreground, a woman bends toward a small child beside a basket while another woman holds a baby. A young boy sits on the ground holding a bundle. Around them, families stand with bags, baskets, and crates of belongings. In the background, more people cluster along the dock with the ship’s masts, rigging, and smokestack rising above the crowd.
Irish poet Donnchadh Ruadh Mac Commara sailed around the island and used Newfoundland Irish in his Irish language poems. By the 1780s, the Irish were the dominant ethnic group of St. John's and by 1815, 19,000 Irish lived in Newfoundland.

🧵3/7 Illustrated coastal scene showing a small settlement beside a narrow inlet. In the foreground, a small house with a fenced yard stands near several wooden sheds and simple buildings along the shoreline. Wooden fences run across grassy slopes leading down to the water. A sailing ship sits in the inlet with its masts leaning slightly, while steep hills rise on both sides of the harbour. Scattered houses and structures appear along the hillside, and a small fort-like building stands on a distant point overlooking the water. The scene is rendered in muted tones with soft shading and fine line d...
Read 8 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 11
Father David Bauer loved the game of hockey.
A gifted player, he turned down playing pro hockey to become a priest.
But hockey never left him.
He mentored many players and created Canada's men's national hockey team program.
This is his story.

🧵 1/12 Father David Bauer stands facing the camera against a plain backdrop, smiling while holding a large hockey trophy mounted on a wide wooden base. He wears a dark clerical suit with a white Roman collar. The trophy has two ornate handles and a central cup, with small hockey player figurines positioned on the base near the front. Numerous engraved plaques are attached around the wooden base beneath the cup.
David Bauer was born on Nov. 2, 1924 in Waterloo, Ontario. The youngest 11 children, his family loved hockey. His brother Bobby went on to play in the NHL, winning two Stanley Cups on his way to the Hockey Hall of Fame. David hoped to one day play in the NHL.

🧵 2/12 A young Father David Bauer posed for a studio portrait, facing the camera with a neutral expression. He has short, neatly combed dark hair parted to one side. He wears a hockey sweater with a large block letter “M” on the chest and darker sleeves. The background is a softly blurred studio backdrop.
When he was 15, he attended a training camp for the Boston Bruins. They offered him a contract to play for their farm team but he turned it down as his father believed he was too young and needed a proper education. While attending school, he kept playing hockey.

🧵 3/12 Father David Bauer sits on a hockey bench during a game, leaning forward with his chin resting on his gloved hand. He wears a dark jacket and looks out toward the ice with a focused expression. Several players sit beside and behind him, and a hockey stick stands upright near the front of the bench. The background shows a crowded rink with spectators and players visible beyond the boards.
Read 13 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 7
On Aug. 17, 1923, the 71-branch Home Bank of Canada failed.
Faced with public outcry over constant bank failures, the government acted.
Since 1923, two Canadian banks have failed, while 17,000 have failed in the USA.
This is the story of Home Bank of Canada

🧵 1/12 A black-and-white photograph shows a group of men standing in front of a small wooden building with a sign reading “HOME BANK OF CANADA” above the entrance. The building has large front windows and a simple rectangular structure. Several men stand in a row near the doorway while one man sits on the ground in front. They wear early 20th-century clothing such as shirts with suspenders, jackets, and hats. Pieces of wood and debris lie scattered on the ground in the foreground, and open land with a few structures appears in the background.
For the first half century of Canada's existence, the only safeguard that customers had with their banks was the competency of management and the hope that assets covered deposits. It was not a good system and by 1923, 40% of Canadian banks had failed.

🧵 2/12 A long line of people stands along the sidewalk outside a bank building on a city street. The crowd, made up of men and women wearing coats, hats, and long dresses typical of the early 20th century, stretches past the corner of the building. Large windows and stone walls frame the entrance, where signage related to the bank is posted on the glass. Streetcar tracks run along the road in the foreground, and two utility poles stand near the curb. The photograph is in black and white and shows the line extending around the corner as people wait outside the bank.
Finance Minister W.S. Fielding, who assumed the post in 1896, saw nine bank failures by 1910. Many Canadians, and even industry leaders like H.C. McLeod, the GM of the Bank of Nova Scotia, wanted to have government inspections to prevent fraud in Canada's banks.

🧵 3/12 A black-and-white studio portrait of a middle-aged man with short light-colored hair and a full mustache with a small pointed beard. He faces slightly to the left while looking toward the camera. He wears a dark suit jacket, a white shirt, and a patterned tie. The background is softly blurred, creating a faded vignette around the edges typical of early studio photography.
Read 13 tweets

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