Thread by @drkohilathas

Serrapeptase

The understudied enzyme with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, anti-amyloidogenic, and anti-mucus properties.

A THREAD 🧵

Serrapeptase is a zinc-containing enzyme originally obtained from the bacteria Serratia marcescens, isolated from the intestine of the silkworm Bombyx mori L.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

It is a proteolytic enzyme, meaning it breaks down proteins.

It has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and other beneficial properties against breast disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, sinusitis, hepatitis, lung disorders, and uterine fibroids.

Serrapeptase is most commonly used as an anti-inflammatory agent, but though this is the case, there is very little evidence about the molecular mechanism of how serrapeptase actually works.

It has been alluded to that serrapeptase reduces the leakiness of small blood vessels caused by a variety of hormones, breaks down abnormal exudates and proteins, and facilitates the absorption of decomposed products through the blood and lymphatics.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12911824/

It is also thought to be different from other conventional anti-inflammatory drugs by working to regulate immune cell migration from lymph nodes to inflamed and injured tissues.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/450050/

In one study of 24 individuals undergoing the surgical removal of impacted molars, it was noted that those in the serrapeptase group had a significant reduction in the extent of cheek swelling and pain intensity compared to controls.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18272344/

And a clinical trial on 70 patients with breast engorgement demonstrated that serratiopeptidase treatment resulted in moderate to marked improvement in breast pain, swelling, and induration with no adverse events reported.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2688125/

The use of this enzyme has been shown to reduce the thickness and viscosity of mucus and improve the elimination of bronchopulmonary secretions in allergic conditions.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

It has also shown to hav wound-healing properties by dissolving dead tissue surrounding the injured area without harming living tissue.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7694216/

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Bacterial biofilms are clusters of bacteria that are attached to a surface and/or to each other and embedded in a self-produced matrix.

Biofilms have resilience to the adaptive and innate immune systems, as well as tolerance to high doses of antibiotics/antimicrobial drugs.

Serrapeptase has shown to be effective against bacterial biofilms, as well as enhancing the effects of antibiotics against bacterial biofilms.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23811076/

In one study of 64 adults, serrapeptase in combination with antibiotics was shown to significantly improve clinical, microbiological, and inflammatory parameters as compared to the control group.

journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.117…

Another novel and intriguing application of serrapeptase is in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease by lowering amyloidosis. In a rat model, serratiopeptidase was found to be equally effective as nattokinase in alleviating Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23821590/

More on nattokinase here 👇🏾

https://twitter.com/drkohilathas/status/1629942224795385857

These results were confirmed by histological examination of brain tissue and showed that serrapeptase can down-regulate the amyloidogenic pathway due to its proteolytic, anti-oxidant, and anti-amyloidogenic effects.

Most interestingly, one 2020 review on serrapeptase notes, “Because the enzyme digests non-living tissue and leaves live tissue alone; it may be effective in removing the deposits of fatty substances, ....
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

"cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin on the inside of the arteries. The fibrinolytic (clot removal) activity of serratiopeptidase may also be able to help with thickened blood, increased risk of stroke, and phlebitis/thrombophlebitis."

Though used for a decade and with high safety evidence supported by various studies, side effects are not unheard of.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (a rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes) and buccal space abscess have been reported as side effects of this molecule.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

To further investigate the safety profile, detailed, professionally designed controlled clinical investigations need to be done.

In the majority of human trials, the common doses of serrapeptase vary from 10 to 60 mg/day in divided doses, with the most desired amount of 10 mg, thrice daily for up to 4 weeks on an empty stomach.

10 mg is considered equal to 20,000 units of enzyme activity.

Due to its anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and mucus-breaking effects, one review proposed that “the dose of 10 mg thrice daily could be examined as an adjuvant in COVID-19.

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…