But that quiz was too easy. Pew made a harder one in 2019 and the results were very interesting: Male-female d of 0.372, Black-White d of 0.963, and Hispanic-White d of 0.550. Full-sized race gaps, modest sex gap, circa 2019.
I've seen tons of posts showing hypothetical male and female IQ bell curves that show women having extremely small variances relative to men.
Men are reliably more variable, but the empirical difference is not that extreme.
The ACT results from 2024 are representative:
Men are ~15-17% more variable (remember to square your SDs!) in this sample. If you match the levels (since, often, the VR and the \delta are correlated), you get maybe +20% male variability.
That's not nothing, but it's not devastatingly huge.
Greater male variability in many domains does have strong explanatory power.
For example, a small percentage of top male academics explains the male-female publication gap in sex-balanced fields.
It makes them far less rambunctious, and pushes them to be more stable.
Notice what happens to men's criminal offending rates in the lead-up to childbirth.
They become far less criminal!🧵
This isn't just about taming dads though.
The effect for women is also incredibly substantial, albeit with a small difference: there's a larger reduction in crime during pregnancy, with some rebound after.
But the rebound is only partial.
In short, what we see with both moms and dads is that having kids leads to a change in priorities and a stark reduction in crime perpetration
So, how does this vary by marital status?
For men, there's not much better married men can do
This is a great way to visualize the effect of divorce on children's success as adults🧵
Children whose parents went through a divorce while they were aged 0-5 ranked about 2.4 percentile points lower in the income distribution when they were 25 years old.
The other effects—on teen birth rates, mortality, college attendance, and incarceration—are all relatively large while being absolutely small in effect.
In order, those are +73%, +35%, -40%, and -43%.
But here are those absolute effects:
This study's dataset is uniquely good relative to the rest of the literature.
It's built off of administrative data, and it's very large in scale. That allowed the authors (the lead of which I heartily endorse!) to do a lot of well-powered analyses and produce cool descriptives.