Thread by @drkohilathas

Luteolin

A flavone with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-cancer, cardioprotection, mast cell stabilisation, heavy-metal protection, neuroprotection, alleviation of “brain fog,” and immunomodulation properties.

A THREAD 🧵

Luteolin is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, present in many medicinal plants, fruits, and vegetables, including broccoli, onion leaves, carrots, peppers, cabbages, apple skins, Indian chrysanthemum flowers, telegraph plants, and Artemisia asiatica.

High luteolin content has also been reported in oregano, parsley, thyme, peppermint, basil, celery, and artichokes.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29801717/

In silico, in vitro, and in vivo clinical studies suggest that luteolin is a powerful anti-inflammatory, as well as having been reported to have antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and anti-allergic properties.

The anti-inflammatory activity of luteolin has been attributed to inhibition of nitric oxygen synthase (iNOS), and NO production; scavenging of ROS; inhibition of ROS production and activation of antioxidant enzymes; inhibition of inflammatory mediator production and release;...

...suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression; inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, protein kinase B (AKT), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway; inhibition of adhesion molecule membrane binding,...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29801717/

...hyaluronidase activity, and elastase activity; stabilisation of mast cells; reduction of vascular permeability; and modulation of cell membrane fluidity.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29801717/

In one study on rats, luteolin was shown to have a protective role in chronic pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) via various mechanisms.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29595544/

In another study, luteolin was able to suppress the early-stage growth of prostate cancer in rats by inducing cell death.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Luteolin could be used against the negative health effects elicited by toxic heavy metals. Various studies have shown luteolin has the ability to protect our biology and DNA from damage from various metals such as copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, and lead.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32208856/

With regards to the cardio system, in a study performed on male mice, luteolin administration was found to improve cardiac function, attenuate the inflammatory response, alleviate mitochondrial injury, decrease oxidative stress, inhibit cardiac apoptosis, and enhance autophagy.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Luteolin’s anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties have also translated to better cognitive outcomes in various studies.

This is no better demonstrated in studies using luteolin on children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

In one case series study, capsules containing luteolin, quercetin, and quercetin glycoside rutin formulated in microspheres mixed in olive kernel oil were given to 37 children with ASD for at least four weeks who had not obtained any benefit from multiple other regimens.

Results showed that GI and allergy symptoms improved in about 75% of children, eye contact and attention improved in 50%, social interaction improved in 25%, and speech resumed in about 10% of children.

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03…

In another study, children with ASD were given one softgel capsule containing luteolin with food for 26 weeks. Among the 50 children, 40 completed the protocol and showed significant improvement in adaptive functioning and overall behaviour.

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

Many children with ASDs have been reported to have "allergic-like" symptoms implicating mast cell activation.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21193035/

And as expected, the children with ASDs in whom the elevated serum IL-6 and TNF levels decreased by the end of the treatment period were the ones whose behaviour improved the most.

Mast cells can be triggered by viruses, and a recent report correlated coronavirus infection with the activation of mast cells and subsequent cytokine storms in the lungs.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32013309

Luteolin inhibits mast cells, and thus the use of luteolin has been speculated to attenuate COVID-19-related lung damage.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Luteolin has also been shown to reduce viral genome replication, be a potential modulator of the spike protein, and bind to the RBD of the virus.

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…

Moreover, the world's most powerful supercomputer, SUMMIT, ranked the luteolin structural analogue eriodictyol (5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavanone) among the best potential inhibitors of COVID‐19.

doi.org/10.26434%2Fche…

One review noted that these properties, as well as the fact that luteolin can inhibit the serine protease required for spike protein processing, may make it a good supplement for those with long COVID.

link.springer.com/article/10.100…

Luteolin has also been shown to improve the symptoms of “brain fog” in children with ASD and brain “fog” in mastocytosis (a rare condition caused by an excess number of mast cells gathering in the body's tissues) patients.

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…

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There are no official dosages for luteolin in humans. Supplementation is generally considered safe, but one review noted that luteolin intake should not exceed a cumulative dose of 1–2 g/day because it can reduce liver metabolism.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12055336

The review also notes that it is “important to avoid the cheapest source of peanut shells that may affect persons allergic to peanuts, or fava beans, consumption of which could cause hemolytic anemia to Mediterranean extraction persons who lack the enzyme G6PD.”