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Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
@CraigBaird
Mar 30, 2023 • 5 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
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It is #FrancophonieMonth and this is the story of the Franco-Manitobans!

The first French speakers arrived in what is now Manitoba in 1660 when fur traders reached the area.
Settlement of the area by Francophones did not occur until the 1730s though.

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Pierre Gaultier de Varennes was the 1st to establish a presence in southern Manitoba with Fort St. Charles in 1732. From that year until 1741, he established seven forts in Manitoba.
As fur traders arrived, they married Indigenous women, creating the Metis people.

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In 1871, there were 5,500 Francophones in Manitoba, making up half of the population of the province.
Within 10 years, they were a minority as English settlers from Ontario moved in.
In 1890, the provincial government removed the linguistic rights of Francophones.

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That year, English became the sole official language of the province, including in schools.
In 1896, a compromise was reached to allow French instruction at schools.
Then, in 1916, the province banned any language but English for school instruction.

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French instruction was not re-introduced to schools until 1955.
In 1970, French was reestablished as an official language for education.
In 2016, the Francophone Community Enhancement and Support Act was passed, signaling Francophone linguistic acceptance in Manitoba.

🧵5/5

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More from @CraigBaird

Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Jan 27
On this day in 1980, six American diplomats, travelling with valid Canadian passports, escaped Iran.
They were hidden for months by Canadians, who played a massive role in their escape.
Let's learn the real (not the Argo version) story of The Canadian Caper.

🧵1/15 This photo shows a group of people standing behind a barrier, holding up a banner that reads "THANK YOU CANADA." The setting appears to be indoors, possibly at an event or a public gathering. The banner is prominently displayed, and there is a maple leaf symbol on the left side of the image, reinforcing the Canadian theme. The people in the photo seem to be expressing gratitude, likely towards Canada for some form of support or action. The atmosphere looks celebratory or appreciative.
Amid the Islamic Iranian Revolution in 1979, people stormed the US Embassy in Tehran on Nov. 4, 1979. Dozens of diplomats were captured and held hostage.
They demanded that the Shah of Iran come back to the country and face trial.

🧵2/15 This black-and-white photo captures a moment of protest or demonstration. In the foreground, a large crowd of people is gathered, many of whom appear to be raising their hands, possibly in solidarity or support. The people in the crowd are dressed in a variety of clothing, with many women wearing headscarves, indicating a cultural or religious context. In the background, three individuals are seen climbing over a brick wall with iron gates, suggesting they are trying to enter or exit the area where the crowd is gathered. The act of climbing over the wall could signify a sense of urgency or...
Six American diplomats were able to escape from the embassy. For six days they went from house-to-house. One of the diplomats, Robert Anders, contacted Canadian immigration officer John Sheardown (pictured). Sheardown invited them to stay in his home.

🧵3/15 This is a black-and-white portrait photo of an older man with a distinguished appearance. He has a full, white beard and mustache, and his expression is serious and contemplative. He is wearing a dark suit with a tie, which adds to his formal and dignified look. The lighting in the photo is soft, highlighting the texture of his beard and the lines on his face, giving the image a timeless quality. The background is plain, ensuring that the focus remains on the subject.
Read 16 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Jan 26
On this day in 1700 CE at approximately 9 p.m. PT, an 8.7-9.2 magnitude earthquake hit the coast of present-day British Columbia.
The Juan de Fuca plate slipped by 20 metres along 1,000 km fault rupture.
Let's learn more about this event

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While there are no written records of the earthquake, much of what happened has been related in the oral histories of the First Nations.
The exact time and day comes from the record of a tsunami that hit Japan hours after the earthquake.

🧵2/10 This image is a tsunami wave amplitude map produced by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, part of NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and the National Weather Service. Here are the key details from the image: Elapsed Time: 4 hours and 25 minutes. UTC Time: 1700 on January 27, 2025, at 09:25 Z (Zulu time, which is equivalent to UTC). Tsunami Wave Amplitude: The color scale on the left indicates the amplitude of the tsunami wave in meters, ranging from less than 0.0 meters (blue) to over 3.0 meters (red). The map shows the Pacific Ocean with a focus on the western coast ...
One oral history tells of an earthquake and ocean wave that destroyed settlements in Pachena Bay. On the north end of Vancouver Island, the oral history states there was a nighttime earthquake that destroyed nearly every home in the settlement.

🧵3/10 This photo shows a geological cross-section from the Cascadia region, illustrating different layers of sediment and their historical significance. Here's a description of the layers from top to bottom: Grass: The topmost layer, indicating current vegetation. Tidal Mud: Below the grass, this layer is composed of mud deposited by tidal actions. Sand deposited by 1700 tsunami: This distinct layer of sand was laid down by a significant tsunami event in the year 1700. It's a clear marker of past seismic activity in the region. Topsoil: A layer of darker soil beneath the tsunami sand, representi...
Read 11 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Jan 25
In the summer of 1970, a CNR train journeyed across Canada. On that train was a non-stop party and jam session consisting of Janis Joplin, The Grateful Dead, The Band, Ian & Sylvia, and others who took part in the Festival Express.
Let's learn more!

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When the Transcontinental Pop Festival, better known as the Festival Express, was being planned there were planned concert stops in Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg and Vancouver.
The festival was developed by Ken Walker and promoted by Eaton-Walker Associates.

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Read 17 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Jan 19
Over the course of centuries, Canadian English developed as its own distinct form of the language.
It takes elements from French, First Nation languages and United States English to form something completely unique.
Let's learn more about Canadian English!

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There are several varieties of Canadian English.
There is Standard Canadian English, spoken from British Columbia to Ontario.
There is also Quebec English, Atlantic Canada English, Newfoundland English and Indigenous English.

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🧵3/14 A person standing on a hill overlooking a valley with a river as the sun rises or sets. They are holding a Canadian flag.
Read 15 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Jan 18
Today is Winnie-The-Pooh Day. It commemorates the birthday of A.A. Milne, who wrote Winnie-the-Pooh.
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On Aug. 24, 1914, a train stopped in White River, Ontario on its way to Camp Valcartier in Quebec. The train contained members of the Canadian Army Veterinary Corps. One soldier on that train was Captain Harry Colebourn.
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While he was stopped in White River, a trapper came up to Colebourn and offered to sell him a bear cub. Colebourn bought the bear for $20. He named the bear cub Winnie after his hometown of Winnipeg.
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Read 10 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Jan 13
In 1901, 15 Metis families moved to southwest Winnipeg where six other families had relocated to years earlier. This was the beginning of what became known as Rooster Town.
Half a century later, the City bulldozed the community.
Let's learn more.

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The Metis families wanted to live close together, while also being near the city for employment.
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The residents of Rooster Town squatted on the empty and unserviced land.
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Read 13 tweets

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