Tomas Pueyo Profile picture
Apr 14, 2023 25 tweets 8 min read Read on X
Maps twist our perception of the world
Here are 20 to rethink it:

1. Countries closer to the equator (~poorer) seem smaller than they are

(map by @neilrkaye)
Flattening balls distorts them! Image
So we develop a poor intuition for comparative country sizes.

The biggest loser is Africa, which is humongous: Image
Here it is, comparing the most disadvantaged with the most advantaged. Africa is *wider than Russia*!
Source: axbom.com/world-map/ Image
Brazil is also very shorthanded
It's so big, the northernmost point of the country is closer to all other American countries (including Canada!) than to the southernmost point in Brazil Image
It's 50% wider than the distance between Brazil and Africa Image
Here's another example: Papua New Guinea is as long as the distance from London to Moscow Image
Here's Argentina fitting a bunch of European countries: Image
Somalia is similar in size as the US East Coast Image
Here's another from @neilrkaye comparing Mexico with Greenland
Chile is as long as Europe
(via @AddictMap) Image
Broadly speaking, Europe, the US, Brazil, Australia, Russia, China, and India are comparable in orders of magnitude Image
Here's Australia containing the Mediterranean: Image
And the biggest thing of all is by far the Pacific Ocean
A third of the world Image
So one thing is how you project a sphere into a map. Another one is where you center it.

What if we centered it around Argentina? Image
Or New Zealand? Image
Or China, and we made it vertical? Image
Poor Antarctica feels lonely: Image
Conversely, Alaska is one of the best logistics bases for air cargo because it's close to all the northern hemisphere markets: Image
If you go all in, you can see the world according to fishes. Pretty well connected! Image
Maybe maps are biased because they fit the international community:
(via @TerribleMaps ) Image
OK that's all for today. I'll add some more in my free newsletter, subscribe to get it:
unchartedterritories.tomaspueyo.com/subscribe

Here's a last one that really surprised me, to give you a taste: the westernmost point in China is closer to Germany than to its easternmost point! Image
What other maps twist our perceptions?
What maps have surprised you?
Follow me to understand more deeply how the world works today, frequently with a geographic/historic/data/research angle

Here is a thread on India, if you missed it:
Here’s another one on Java
I write a thread like this every week or so

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More from @tomaspueyo

Jan 2
I respect @BillAckman a lot but I think he's wrong on @Uber. AFAIK his bear case on robotaxis:
1. Not great for bad weather
2. Too expensive to cover peak demand
3. Less utilization because of food delivery
4. They can't disintermediate Uber

I think they're all wrong:
1. Not great for bad weather
This is a @Waymo driving in rain—the worst they'll ever be! They already have ~10x fewer accidents than humans. Maybe in the short term humans are going to be better in some really bad weather, but those are short-term exceptions
2. Robotaxis will be too expensive to cover peak demand
This is ptrobably true for Waymo but not @Tesla's @robotaxi, for 2 reasons:

a. Cybercab costs will be the same order of magnitude as normal ICE cars
The Model 3 costs ~$40-$45k, but the Cybercab will have 60% fewer parts: steering wheel, pedals, steering column, backseats, backdoors, side-window mirrors, rear window... Let's assume this will bring the cost down to $30-$35k

Add to that the new manufacturing process that treats Tesla's Cybercabs not as cars, but as electronics. They will be able to produce a car every 5s. This will further reduce their price

Compare that to the price of a car for Uber, which today is between $25k-$60k

Forget the driver, just the cars are going to be cheaper!
x.com/ElonClipsX/sta…
Read 8 tweets
Sep 8, 2025
Never bet against the US:
Ppl think its biggest strength is its institutions, the dollar, entrepreneurship... But one of its biggest assets is its geography 🧵
1. Size
The US is the 4th largest country. It spans an entire continent, reaches two oceans, and is big enough to be a geographic heavyweight in the world Image
2. The Mississippi Basin
It's the 4th largest drainage basin in the world and occupies 40% of the contiguous 48 US states, touching 32 of the US’s 50 states. 11 US states directly take their name from it. Image
Read 17 tweets
Sep 4, 2025
Climate caused the US Civil War, because:
1. Slavery was the main cause of the war
2. Different crops were the main cause of slavery
3. Climate caused different crops in the North vs South

This is terribly important to understand the US today and how to heal it
🧵
1. Slavery was the main cause of the war: the Abolitionist North & the Slavery South were competing to expand westward to increase their political influence

But the North grew & expanded faster, to a point where it could force abolition on the South, which then seceded
In 1790, the Free & Slave states had the same population, and there were many more Slave States (8 vs 5), so Slave States controlled the Senate.

By the eve of the war in 1860, the North had 50% more population and 4 more states, giving them control of both the House & Senate Image
Read 18 tweets
Aug 14, 2025
Moscow is one of the weirdest capitals:
• Biggest European city
• Extremely cold
• Little farmland
• To Russia's extreme west
• Not on a coast or main river

How did it create the biggest country on Earth?

It involves horse archers, human harvesting & tiny animals 🧵
The first shocking fact is that Russia is so far north it's at the edge of arable land. How can you create a capital with so little food? Why not in the middle of the most fertile area on Earth? Image
This far north is extremely cold
Moscow is the 3rd coldest capital in the world and by far the biggest: with 20M ppl, its metro population is 8x bigger than the 2nd biggest cold capital, Stockholm!Image
Read 20 tweets
Jul 28, 2025
This map tells you how a seemingly innocent difference, like wheat vs rice eating, can have dramatic political, economic, and cultural ramifications:
🧵 Image
The areas that harvest wheat vs rice are different. Why?
Because of climate
Rice needs heat and lots of water. Ideally, flooding the fields to also kill weeds. Rice dies with frost.

Wheat resists it well, prefers cooler temperatures, but dies when it's flooded Image
Read 12 tweets
Jul 7, 2025
Did you know the West's trade deficits to China are not recent, but started 2000 years ago? This is the story of how silk, porcelain, tea, opium, and silver have determined the history of the world 🧵
The Romans already complained about deficits to China! Mainly because of silk Image
Back then the Chinese already preferred manufacturing and selling products than consuming foreign products. Chronicler Solinus ~200 AD: The Chinese "prefer only to sell their products, but do not like to buy our goods."Image
Read 12 tweets

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