I described some of the most beautiful and famous mathematical theorems to Midjourney.
Here is how it imagined them:
1. "The set of real numbers is uncountably infinite."
2. The Baire category theorem: "In a complete metric space, the intersection of countably many dense sets remains dense."
3. Zorn's lemma: "A partially ordered set containing upper bounds for every chain necessarily contains at least one maximal element."
4. The fundamental theorem of calculus: "The integral of a function's derivative recovers the original function, up to a constant."
5. The Banach-Tarski paradox: "Decomposing a solid sphere into a finite number of disjoint subsets, and then reassembling those subsets to create two spheres identical to the original one."
6. "Every vector space has a Hamel basis."
7. The fundamental theorem of algebra: "Every non - constant polynomial equation has at least one complex root."
8. Gödel's incompleteness theorems: "In any formal system of axioms, there are true statements that cannot be proven within the system and the consistency of the system cannot be proven by its own axioms."
9. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic: "Every positive integer greater than 1 can be represented uniquely as a product of prime numbers."
10. Brouwer's fixed point theorem: "In any continuous transformation of a compact, convex set in Euclidean space, there is at least one point that remains fixed."
11. The central limit theorem: "The sum of a large number of independent and identically distributed random variables will be approximately normally distributed, regardless of the original distribution."
12. The Heine-Borel theorem: "The compact subsets of Euclidean space are precisely those that are closed and bounded."
13. The singular value decomposition: "Every matrix can be decomposed into the product of a unitary, a diagonal, and another unitary matrix."
14. Bonus: "The set of real numbers is uncountably infinite, in the style of Salvador Dali."
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This is not my typical content: I usually post math explainers here. However, this was my first time trying out Midjourney. Now, I am hooked.
(Don't worry, I won't go into "AI influencer" mode.)
"How large that number in the Law of Large Numbers is?"
Sometimes, a thousand samples are large enough. Sometimes, even ten million samples fall short.
How do we know? I'll explain.
First things first: the law of large numbers (LLN).
Roughly speaking, it states that the averages of independent, identically distributed samples converge to the expected value, given that the number of samples grows to infinity.
We are going to dig deeper.
There are two kinds of LLN-s: weak and strong.
The weak law makes a probabilistic statement about the sample averages: it implies that the probability of "the sample average falling farther from the expected value than ε" goes to zero for any ε.
The single biggest argument about statistics: is probability frequentist or Bayesian? It's neither, and I'll explain why.
Buckle up. Deep-dive explanation incoming.
First, let's look at what is probability.
Probability quantitatively measures the likelihood of events, like rolling six with a dice. It's a number between zero and one. This is independent of interpretation; it’s a rule set in stone.
In the language of probability theory, the events are formalized by sets within an event space.
(The event space is also a set, usually denoted by Ω.)