Tivadar Danka Profile picture
Apr 22, 2023 15 tweets 5 min read Read on X
I described some of the most beautiful and famous mathematical theorems to Midjourney.

Here is how it imagined them:

1. "The set of real numbers is uncountably infinite." Image
2. The Baire category theorem: "In a complete metric space, the intersection of countably many dense sets remains dense." Image
3. Zorn's lemma: "A partially ordered set containing upper bounds for every chain necessarily contains at least one maximal element." Image
4. The fundamental theorem of calculus: "The integral of a function's derivative recovers the original function, up to a constant." Image
5. The Banach-Tarski paradox: "Decomposing a solid sphere into a finite number of disjoint subsets, and then reassembling those subsets to create two spheres identical to the original one." Image
6. "Every vector space has a Hamel basis." Image
7. The fundamental theorem of algebra: "Every non - constant polynomial equation has at least one complex root." Image
8. Gödel's incompleteness theorems: "In any formal system of axioms, there are true statements that cannot be proven within the system and the consistency of the system cannot be proven by its own axioms." Image
9. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic: "Every positive integer greater than 1 can be represented uniquely as a product of prime numbers." Image
10. Brouwer's fixed point theorem: "In any continuous transformation of a compact, convex set in Euclidean space, there is at least one point that remains fixed." Image
11. The central limit theorem: "The sum of a large number of independent and identically distributed random variables will be approximately normally distributed, regardless of the original distribution." Image
12. The Heine-Borel theorem: "The compact subsets of Euclidean space are precisely those that are closed and bounded." Image
13. The singular value decomposition: "Every matrix can be decomposed into the product of a unitary, a diagonal, and another unitary matrix." Image
14. Bonus: "The set of real numbers is uncountably infinite, in the style of Salvador Dali." Image
If you have enjoyed this thread, share it with your friends and give me a follow!

This is not my typical content: I usually post math explainers here. However, this was my first time trying out Midjourney. Now, I am hooked.

(Don't worry, I won't go into "AI influencer" mode.)

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More from @TivadarDanka

Sep 4
Logistic regression is one of the simplest models in machine learning, and one of the most revealing.

It shows how to move from geometric intuition to probabilistic reasoning. Mastering it sets the foundation for everything else.

Let’s dissect it step by step! Image
Let’s start with the most basic setup possible: one feature, two classes.

You’re predicting if a student passes or fails based on hours studied.

Your input x is a number, and your output y is either 0 or 1.

Let's build a predictive model! Image
We need a model that outputs values between 0 and 1.

Enter the sigmoid function: σ(ax + b).

If σ(ax + b) > 0.5, we predict pass (1).

Otherwise, fail (0).

It’s a clean way to represent uncertainty with math. Image
Read 15 tweets
Sep 3
The way you think about the exponential function is wrong.

Don't think so? I'll convince you. Did you realize that multiplying e by itself π times doesn't make sense?

Here is what's really behind the most important function of all time: Image
First things first: terminologies.

The expression aᵇ is read "a raised to the power of b."

(Or a to the b in short.) Image
The number a is called the base, and b is called the exponent.

Let's start with the basics: positive integer exponents. By definition, aⁿ is the repeated multiplication of a by itself n times.

Sounds simple enough. Image
Read 19 tweets
Sep 1
Behold one of the mightiest tools in mathematics: the camel principle.

I am dead serious. Deep down, this tiny rule is the cog in many methods. Ones that you use every day.

Here is what it is, how it works, and why it is essential: Image
First, the story:

The old Arab passes away, leaving half of his fortune to his eldest son, third to his middle son, and ninth to his smallest.

Upon opening the stable, they realize that the old man had 17 camels. Image
This is a problem, as they cannot split 17 camels into 1/2, 1/3, and 1/9 without cutting some in half.

So, they turn to the wise neighbor for advice. Image
Read 19 tweets
Aug 23
In calculus, going from a single variable to millions of variables is hard.

Understanding the three main types of functions helps make sense of multivariable calculus.

Surprisingly, they share a deep connection. Let's see why: Image
In general, a function assigns elements of one set to another.

This is too abstract for most engineering applications. Let's zoom in a little! Image
As our measurements are often real numbers, we prefer functions that operate on real vectors or scalars.

There are three categories:

1. vector-scalar,
2. vector-vector,
3. and scalar-vector. Image
Read 16 tweets
Aug 22
The most important concept in probability and statistics: the expected value

For instance, all the popular loss functions in machine learning, like cross-entropy, are expected values. However, its definition is far from intuitive.

Here is what's behind the scenes: Image
It's better to start with an example.

So, let's play a simple game! The rules: I’ll toss a coin, and if it comes up heads, you win $1. However, if it is tails, you lose $2.

Should you even play this game with me? We’ll find out.
After n rounds, your earnings can be calculated by the number of heads times $1 minus the number of tails times $2.

If we divide total earnings by n, we obtain your average earnings per round. Image
Read 16 tweets
Aug 21
Adding numbers is more exciting than you think.

For instance, summing the same alternating sequence of 1s and (-1)s can either be zero or one, depending on how we group the terms. What's wrong?

I'll explain. Enter the beautiful world of infinite series: Image
Let’s go back to square one: the sum of infinitely many terms is called an infinite series. (Or series in short.)

Infinite series form the foundations of mathematics. Image
Do infinite series make sense? Sure.

Take a look at the geometric series: summing the positive powers of 1/2 adds up to one.

Here is a visual proof to convince you. Image
Read 24 tweets

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