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Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
@CraigBaird
Apr 23, 2023 • 5 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
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It is #SikhHeritageMonth and this is the story of Sikhs gaining the vote!

The first Sikh immigrants to British Columbia were permitted to vote in civic elections. This right to vote would not last long as the province began to strip rights away from the Sikh people.

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In March 1907, BC Premier William Bowser introduced legislation to deny the provincial vote to any immigrant from India who was not of Anglo-Saxon descent.
Vancouver took the vote away from Sikhs the following month.
The Sikh people couldn't vote federally either.

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At the 1921 Imperial Conference in England, a resolution was passed to grant South Asians in the British Empire the right to vote.
Canada simply ignored the resolution.
Some MPs, like Samuel Jacobs, Canada's 1st Jewish MP, supported giving Sikhs the vote.

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In 1924, BC passed the Provincial Elections Act to deny the vote to all Asians except Japanese veterans of WW1.
Men such as Dr. D.P. Pandia (pictured), Kapoor Singh Siddoo, Mayo Singh & Kartar Singh Hundal campaigned to get the vote for Sikhs and others.

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In the 1940s, Sikhs, such as Naginder S. Gill (pictured) continued to pressure the government to grant the vote to South Asians.
India PM Jawaharial Nehru joined the cause of gaining the vote.
On April 2, 1947, South Asians gained the provincial & federal vote.

🧵5/5 Image

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More from @CraigBaird

Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Apr 5
Throughout the federal election campaign, I am looking at elections from Canada's past.
Today, it is the 1917 election, or Khaki Election.
This was one of the most divisive and bitter elections in Canadian history, which reshaped Canadian politics for decades to come.

🧵1/14 This black-and-white photo captures a group of soldiers in military uniforms, likely during World War I, in a room with a "List of Electors" sign on the wall. Two men at a table exchange documents, while others stand around, with papers and a basket on the table.
Three years after the last election in 1911, the First World War began.
Sir Robert Borden was still Prime Minister and leader of the Conservatives.
The six year gap between the 1911 and 1917 election is the longest election gap in Canadian history.

🧵2/14 This black-and-white photo shows Sir Robert Borden, dressed in a long coat, standing on a platform at a formal outdoor event. He’s surrounded by military officers in uniform and civilians, with a large crowd in the background. A Union Jack flag and other banners are visible, suggesting a significant public gathering, possibly during World War I.
In 1916, due to the First World War, Parliament agreed to suspend an election for one year.
Borden hoped that the delay would allow him to form a coalition government of all the parties as he attempted to put through conscription.

🧵3/14 This black-and-white photo shows Sir Robert Borden, wearing a long coat and hat, standing outdoors in front of a group of soldiers in military uniforms. The soldiers are holding rifles and standing in formation, likely during a World War I military inspection or ceremony, with trees and a crowd in the background.
Read 15 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 23
I have covered many aspects of Canada's border history in the past week.
Today, I am exploring why the Canadian border with Alaska extends so far south along the Pacific Coast and how the decision led to a desire for greater Canadian independence from Britain.

🧵1/13 The image is a map of Alaska and parts of Canada, showing geographical features like the Arctic and Pacific Oceans, the Yukon Territory, and British Columbia. Key locations such as Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau are marked, along with national parks like Denali and Glacier Bay. A red circle highlights the southeastern region, including Juneau and the Alexander Archipelago.
The issue of the border dates back to 1825 when Russia (who owned Alaska at the time) signed the Treaty of Saint Petersburg with Britain. The treaty only focused on the coastal area as the interior was mountainous and of little interest to either country.

🧵2/13 This is a vintage map of Alaska, titled "Map of Alaska," showing detailed topography with shaded relief. It highlights the Arctic Circle, major rivers like the Tanana and Yukon, and mountain ranges. The map includes surrounding areas like the Bering Sea, Arctic Ocean, and parts of Canada, with an inset of the Bering Strait. The scale is in miles and kilometers, and longitude is marked west from Greenwich.
On March 30, 1867, the United States bought the entire Alaska region from Russia. With the purchase, the United States hoped to claim territory from Alaska down to Mexico and control the entire Pacific Coast.
That hope ended when British Columbia joined Canada in 1871.

🧵3/13 The image depicts a historical painting of several men in formal 19th-century attire gathered in a room, discussing a large globe and maps. The setting includes American and Russian flags, a chandelier, and a green carpet with a cross pattern. The men appear to be engaged in a significant diplomatic or political discussion, possibly related to the Alaska Purchase.
Read 14 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 17
We have looked at the USA-Canada border through the Great Lakes and along the 49th Parallel.
Today, it is time to find out why there is an odd blip west of Lake Superior and east of Manitoba.
This is the story of the Northwest Angle.

🧵1/12 The photo is a map highlighting the Northwest Angle, a unique geographical area in Minnesota, USA, that extends into Lake of the Woods and is the only part of the contiguous United States north of the 49th parallel. The map also shows nearby locations such as Elm Point, Muskrat Bay, and parts of Manitoba and Ontario, Canada. The Northwest Angle is marked with an arrow, emphasizing its position relative to the surrounding regions and the international border.
The Northwest Angle is farther north than any part of the Contiguous United States.
The area covers 197 square kilometres, and it all comes down to treaties negotiated between the United Kingdom and the United States centuries ago.

🧵2/12 The photo is a satellite image of the Northwest Angle, a distinctive region in Minnesota, USA, that protrudes northward into Lake of the Woods, making it the northernmost point of the contiguous United States. The image shows the international border between the United States and Canada, with the Northwest Angle and Angle Inlet labeled within the U.S. portion. Lake of the Woods, a large body of water, dominates the central part of the image, surrounded by green landmasses. The image includes a scale indicating distances up to 10 kilometers and highlights the natural landscape with varying s...
In 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed by the UK and USA. This treaty recognized American independence and created an agreement on the border between the USA and British North America from the Atlantic to the Mississippi.

🧵3/12 The photo depicts a historical painting of a group of men in 18th-century attire gathered in a formal room, engaged in a significant event. They are surrounded by tables with documents, chairs, and a large American flag with crossed swords on the wall. The scene captures a moment of deliberation or signing, with some men standing and others seated, in a setting with red curtains and wooden paneling.
Read 13 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 16
On this day in 1985, hockey great Eddie Shore died of liver cancer.
He was such a legend that he was name-dropped in Slap Shot. Shore was one of the greatest NHL players ever...and one of the meanest on the ice.
Let's learn more about the Edmonton Express!

🧵1/12 The image is a black-and-white photograph of a person wearing a hockey jersey with the text "Boston Bruins" and the team's bear logo prominently displayed on the front. The jersey features horizontal stripes on the sleeves and body. The background is plain, focusing attention on the person and their attire.
Shore was born in Fort Qu'Appelle and grew up in Cupar, SK. Shore played his first organized hockey with the Cupar Canucks and then the Melville Millionaires.
In 1926, he started his professional career with the Regina Capitals, before playing for the Edmonton Eskimos.

🧵2/12 The image is a black-and-white photograph of a person wearing a vintage hockey jersey with the word "MILLIONAIRES" written on it. The jersey features horizontal stripes, and the person is standing among others, some of whom also wear similar jerseys. The background is plain, focusing on the players and their uniforms.
In 1926-27, he debuted with the Boston Bruins, leading the league in penalty minutes (136 in 41 games) in his first season.
From his very first game, Shore became known for his toughness on the ice and his refusal to back down from anyone, including teammates.

🧵3/12 The image is a black-and-white photograph of a person wearing a hockey jersey with a prominent "B" on the front, likely indicating the Boston Bruins team. The background appears to be an indoor arena with tiered seating. The person's jersey features horizontal stripes, typical of older hockey uniforms.
Read 13 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 16
Before the dynasties, Richard, Beliveau, Lafleur and Roy, the Montreal Canadiens were in trouble.
The team nearly moved to Cleveland, and then nearly folded. But one man helped save them...Conn Smythe.
Let's learn how Montreal almost lost the Canadiens!

🧵1/12 The photo is a black-and-white image of a vintage hockey team, featuring players wearing early 20th-century uniforms with the "CH" logo, indicative of the Montreal Canadiens. The team is posed in two rows, with the front row seated and holding hockey sticks, and the back row standing. The goalkeeper is distinguishable by his larger leg pads and distinct equipment. The background shows a brick wall with large windows, suggesting an indoor or rink setting.
In the early-1930s, the Canadiens were riding high. From 1927-28 to 1931-32, the team finished first four times and won two Stanley Cups.
At the time, the team was stacked with Hall of Famers such as Howie Morenz, Aurèle Joliat, Sylvio Mantha and George Hainsworth.

🧵2/12 This is a black-and-white photograph of Howie Morenz, standing against a textured backdrop, likely a curtain or fabric. The player is dressed in an early 20th-century hockey uniform, which includes a sweater with the "CH" logo, identifying him as a member of the Montreal Canadiens. The sweater has horizontal white stripes on the sleeves and a white band across the chest, with the "CH" prominently centered. He is wearing large, padded hockey gloves and holding a wooden hockey stick in his right hand, with the blade resting on the ground. His shorts are knee-length, and he...
But even The Great Depression could bring down greatness.
It was going to bring an end to several franchises such as the Ottawa Senators and Montreal Maroons, and it nearly did the same to the Montreal Canadiens.
Despite the team doing well, crowd sizes were small.

🧵3/12 The photo is a black-and-white image of an ice hockey game in progress, featuring two players near the goalpost with a goalkeeper defending. The scene is set in an indoor rink with a large crowd seated in the stands, and a referee is visible in the background. The image has a vintage feel, likely from the mid-20th century.
Read 13 tweets
Craig Baird - Canadian History Ehx Profile picture
Mar 15
A few days ago, I looked at how the international border through The Great Lakes was determined.
But what about the border west of Lake Superior?
It took decades to determine and wasn't just "drawn with a ruler by some guy".
Let's learn more!

🧵1/13 The photo shows a grassy, open landscape with a clear blue sky dotted with a few wispy clouds. The terrain appears to be a mix of tall, dry grass and patches of dirt, suggesting a rural or prairie setting. A narrow dirt path or road stretches across the scene from left to right, dividing the landscape. In the foreground, there is a vertical marker or signpost standing in the grass. The sign has text on it, with the most prominent words being "UNITED STATES AND CANADA" written vertically in large, bold letters. Below this, there is smaller text, likely providing additional informat...
The 49th parallel border begins west of the Northwest Angle, a blip on the border that gives Minnesota part of the Lake of the Woods.
That 197 sq-km area came about due to treaties and a limited understanding of the geography west of Lake Superior.

🧵2/13 The image is a map highlighting a specific geographical area near the border between the United States and Canada. The map shows parts of Minnesota in the United States and Manitoba and Ontario in Canada. Key locations are labeled, including: Northwest Angle, which is situated in the northern part of Minnesota, extending into a body of water. Elm Point, located slightly to the southwest of Northwest Angle, near the border. Muskeg Bay, positioned near Elm Point. Lake of the Woods, a large lake that dominates the central part of the map, with Northwest Angle protruding into it.
The 49th parallel border runs from the Strait of Georgia in the west to the Lake of the Woods.
It extends for 2,030 kilometres.
Having this as a border was first proposed before the United States even existed, back in 1714 by the Hudson's Bay Company.

🧵3/13 The image is a map of a portion of North America, focusing on the border region between the United States and Canada. The map highlights the 49th parallel, which is marked with a red dashed line running horizontally across the map. This parallel serves as a significant portion of the border between the two countries. Key features on the map include: Point Roberts, located on the far western side of the map, just south of the 49th parallel. It is a small exclave of the United States, surrounded by water and Canadian territory, accessible by land only through Canada. Lake of the Woods, situa...
Read 14 tweets

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