John Crotty Profile picture
Apr 25, 2023 6 tweets 4 min read Read on X
In 1852, Cork was home to the largest prison in the world.

2461 convicts were officially assigned to Spike Island.

Almost 60% of Ireland’s male convict population, in 1 place.

How large does that make it?
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For starters, the prison remains the largest ever formal prison in Irish history.

Mountjoy opened in 1850.

Its 500 single cells were considered enormous for the time.

Spike Island was nearly 5 times that capacity, in the same decade.
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The prison is still the largest ever in British history.

HMP Oakwoad can hold 2106 prisoners, a behemoth.

HMP Five Wells cost over 250 Million to build, holding almost 1700 prisoners.

Both are 20% / 30% smaller than a prison on a Cork Island, 170 years ago
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Internationally, New York’s notorious Sing Sing prison grew from 800 to 1600 prisoners around the same time.

Fellow island prison Alcatraz became infamous, yet its population never exceeded 302.

That makes Spike Island’s peak figure 8 times larger.
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The number was surpassed in modern times.

As many as 10000 populate Rikers Island in New York, but it and many like it are being closed.

The dangers of so many prisoners in one location is clear.

They failed to learn from the super prison that was @SpikeIslandCork
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@SpikeIslandCork Read more about this penal mega structure, and the history that brought about its existence, here -

johncrottyauthor.com/the-largest-pr…

If you enjoyed this Irish history please retweet to share.

#Cork #History #Irishhistory
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More from @itsjohncrotty

Jan 29
In 1847 as the Irish famine raged, a prison was opened on a small Irish island

Within 5 years it was the largest prison in the world

Within 20, it had redefined modern approaches to prisoner reform

This is the story of Spike Island (1) Image
The prison was opened to deal with an explosion in crimes of survival

Government policy left 1 million Irish starve

Close to 2 million emigrated - 25%+ of the population gone

Ireland is the only country in the world with a lower population today than in 1840 (2) Image
Outdated laws saw long sentences for theft of milk or bread

There were so many arrests the transportation system could not cope

Irish convicts were being sent to Australia, Bermuda & Gibraltar

The island was opened as a temporary solution, but remained open 1847 - 1883 (3) Image
Read 16 tweets
Jan 12
The blue harp flag of Ireland

Back in the news following some choice comments on the Irish tricolour!

Ireland's oldest symbol, it was pipped to the post by the French inspired tricolour from 1916

How did it supersede a near thousand year old device? (1) Image
There are 2 reasons why the tricolour won the race to become Ireland's national flag:

1) An inaccurate origin story for the harp flag of Ireland

2) The use of the tricolour as a Republican device from 1848 to 1921

To take the inaccurate harp flag origins first (2) Image
The 1916 generation believed the harp flag was an English choice for Ireland

Newspapers mocked 't'was invented for us & placed on our coinage by the estimable gentleman, King Henry Viii’

IRB's Diarmuid Lynch said it was subject to 'Union-Jackery'

These origins were false (3) Image
Read 16 tweets
Dec 30, 2024
An extraordinary week for Ireland has seen its history revised & diminished by a U.S Senator & British commentators

They repeat 80 year old anti-Irish slurs & 20th century thinking

The subject is Irish neutrality in WW2

What is the truth? (1) Image
Falsehoods emerged immediately after WW2

Official records were sealed for decades

When released they sat in Dublin's National Archives, unused by 20th century American & British writers

Amid a reserved silence from Ireland's government, outside agenda wrote the story (2) Image
At wars end Churchill slandered Ireland, spreading personal opinions on the international stage

He insinuated Irish neutrality & access to ports cost Britain

UK & US advisors knew otherwise- they felt the ports were 'useless'

Churchill had visited Cork Harbour in 1912 (3) Image
Read 20 tweets
Sep 3, 2024
Over 175 years ago the people of Ireland and American Indians embraced

Ireland was being annihilated by a forced famine that would kill over 1 million

Those with nothing offered everything

Now, 2 statures standing either side of the Atlantic mark the moment (1) Image
In 1847 Ireland was ravaged by a horrific famine

British rulers denied sufficient aid, continuing to export food as people starved

Over 1 million Irish died - millions more emigrated

It is the most lethal event in modern Irish or British history, incl both World Wars (2) Image
The world watched horrified

Donations came from the American President, the Tsar of Russia, the Sultan of Turkey & the Pope

Unexpected donations came from British soldiers in India, Boston's Irish-Americans & English Church collections

But one source surprised everyone (3) Image
Read 11 tweets
Jul 11, 2024
On this day, 86 years ago, a momentous moment in Irish history occurred

Spike Island was returned to Ireland

It was deemed so important by Britain it fortified & held it from 1779 to 1938

When returned, Winston Churchill raged

Ireland celebrated

How did it come about? (1) Image
For context, Ireland gained independence for 26 of 32 counties after a brave War of Independence in 1921

Spike Island was retained as 1 of 3 Irish ‘Treaty ports’

A British Military base since 1779, Cork Harbour were deemed too important to relinquish

Primarily by one man (2) Image
Winston Churchill debated Collins and Co in 1921

He had visited Cork Harbour in 1912 as Head of the Admiralty

He understood the 2 century importance placed by British strategists on its role in protecting the Western Approaches

Churchill won in 1921

Dev watched & waited (3) Image
Read 24 tweets
Jul 9, 2024
My wife & I completed an Irish pilgrimage today

Sant'Agata dei Goti in Rome holds the heart of the most substantial Irishman of all time

Daniel O’Connell

Except the relic has been missing since 1927

This is the strange story of the missing heart of Daniel O’Connell (1) Image
Daniel O’Connell stands alone in Irish history

Born near Cahirsiveen in rural Kerry, he was 1 of the few landowning Catholic families

As a young man he watched as Ireland was fiercely punished for a rising in 1798

The modest gains of the late 18th century were reversed (2) Image
He thought it abhorrent Irish Catholics were restricted in voting, land ownership & parliament

Ireland even lost its parliament in 1801, the Act of Union bringing absentee government from London

He created the Catholic Rent - a modest subscription that saw huge uptake (3) Image
Read 13 tweets

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