John Crotty Profile picture
Apr 25, 2023 6 tweets 4 min read Read on X
In 1852, Cork was home to the largest prison in the world.

2461 convicts were officially assigned to Spike Island.

Almost 60% of Ireland’s male convict population, in 1 place.

How large does that make it?
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For starters, the prison remains the largest ever formal prison in Irish history.

Mountjoy opened in 1850.

Its 500 single cells were considered enormous for the time.

Spike Island was nearly 5 times that capacity, in the same decade.
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The prison is still the largest ever in British history.

HMP Oakwoad can hold 2106 prisoners, a behemoth.

HMP Five Wells cost over 250 Million to build, holding almost 1700 prisoners.

Both are 20% / 30% smaller than a prison on a Cork Island, 170 years ago
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Internationally, New York’s notorious Sing Sing prison grew from 800 to 1600 prisoners around the same time.

Fellow island prison Alcatraz became infamous, yet its population never exceeded 302.

That makes Spike Island’s peak figure 8 times larger.
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The number was surpassed in modern times.

As many as 10000 populate Rikers Island in New York, but it and many like it are being closed.

The dangers of so many prisoners in one location is clear.

They failed to learn from the super prison that was @SpikeIslandCork
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@SpikeIslandCork Read more about this penal mega structure, and the history that brought about its existence, here -

johncrottyauthor.com/the-largest-pr…

If you enjoyed this Irish history please retweet to share.

#Cork #History #Irishhistory
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More from @itsjohncrotty

Apr 9
Irish aid to Europe post-WW2:

It is a little known fact that Ireland donated the highest % of public expenditure in aid to Europe after WW2

It remains 'unprecedented in scale and national involvement'

How did it come about? (1) Image
The generous aid was in direct contrast to a strict refugee policy

After Irish independence 1922, 1 of the poorest nations in Europe refused to take anyone who could become a burden on the state

This wasn't specific to 1 group

This policy was maintained in WW2 (2) Image
Ireland's population was not unkind

A strong sense of values had developed based on Christianity, peace & a memory of suffering

Many communities had 'Missionaries', religious group volunteers giving aid in the country of need

Right or wrong, the policy was 'aid in place' (3) Image
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Mar 17
Ireland has millennia of symbology

Some of our oldest symbols are over 5000 years old

On #StPatricksDay what is the history & pedigree of Ireland's oldest symbols (1) Image
The shamrock was linked to St Patrick

It was 1st recorded in Irish association in the 1500’s

A recent link to the 1196 Topographia Hibernica implies much earlier use

The Irish wore them on St Patrick’s Day no later than the 1600’s

The symbolism has older Celtic roots (2) Image
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The Tri-spiral / Triskele

The symbol appears at 5000 year old Irish tomb Newgrange

The site is older than the pyramids & all modern religions

The device has no beginning or end, using 1 continuous line

It is perhaps Ireland’s oldest symbol (3) Image
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Read 13 tweets
Mar 14
The fighting Irish:

In the news following Trump's highlighting of Irish-American bravery

More than just a dictum, it is a statement of fact

A staggering 2021 of 3464 US Medals of Honour were awarded to Irish-Americans

How was the phrase earned? Here's the history (1) Image
Before its American use it was a disparaging term in Ireland

A centuries long slander campaign tried to 'other' the Irish

Diminishing our character = diminish our rights

When an Irish Attorney-General was proving difficult, he was mocked as the 'Fighting Irish' (1844) (2) Image
Alongside this propaganda the phrase was seeing positive uptake from the 1830's

Daniel O'Connell was pushing for an Irish Parliament in Dublin to manage Irish affairs

He organised 'Monster Meetings' as a means of lobby

He sometimes used the term to imply Irish strength (3) Image
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Read 16 tweets
Jan 29
In 1847 as the Irish famine raged, a prison was opened on a small Irish island

Within 5 years it was the largest prison in the world

Within 20, it had redefined modern approaches to prisoner reform

This is the story of Spike Island (1) Image
The prison was opened to deal with an explosion in crimes of survival

Government policy left 1 million Irish starve

Close to 2 million emigrated - 25%+ of the population gone

Ireland is the only country in the world with a lower population today than in 1840 (2) Image
Outdated laws saw long sentences for theft of milk or bread

There were so many arrests the transportation system could not cope

Irish convicts were being sent to Australia, Bermuda & Gibraltar

The island was opened as a temporary solution, but remained open 1847 - 1883 (3) Image
Read 16 tweets
Jan 12
The blue harp flag of Ireland

Back in the news following some choice comments on the Irish tricolour!

Ireland's oldest symbol, it was pipped to the post by the French inspired tricolour from 1916

How did it supersede a near thousand year old device? (1) Image
There are 2 reasons why the tricolour won the race to become Ireland's national flag:

1) An inaccurate origin story for the harp flag of Ireland

2) The use of the tricolour as a Republican device from 1848 to 1921

To take the inaccurate harp flag origins first (2) Image
The 1916 generation believed the harp flag was an English choice for Ireland

Newspapers mocked 't'was invented for us & placed on our coinage by the estimable gentleman, King Henry Viii’

IRB's Diarmuid Lynch said it was subject to 'Union-Jackery'

These origins were false (3) Image
Read 16 tweets
Dec 30, 2024
An extraordinary week for Ireland has seen its history revised & diminished by a U.S Senator & British commentators

They repeat 80 year old anti-Irish slurs & 20th century thinking

The subject is Irish neutrality in WW2

What is the truth? (1) Image
Falsehoods emerged immediately after WW2

Official records were sealed for decades

When released they sat in Dublin's National Archives, unused by 20th century American & British writers

Amid a reserved silence from Ireland's government, outside agenda wrote the story (2) Image
At wars end Churchill slandered Ireland, spreading personal opinions on the international stage

He insinuated Irish neutrality & access to ports cost Britain

UK & US advisors knew otherwise- they felt the ports were 'useless'

Churchill had visited Cork Harbour in 1912 (3) Image
Read 20 tweets

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