John Crotty Profile picture
Apr 25, 2023 6 tweets 4 min read Read on X
In 1852, Cork was home to the largest prison in the world.

2461 convicts were officially assigned to Spike Island.

Almost 60% of Ireland’s male convict population, in 1 place.

How large does that make it?
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For starters, the prison remains the largest ever formal prison in Irish history.

Mountjoy opened in 1850.

Its 500 single cells were considered enormous for the time.

Spike Island was nearly 5 times that capacity, in the same decade.
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The prison is still the largest ever in British history.

HMP Oakwoad can hold 2106 prisoners, a behemoth.

HMP Five Wells cost over 250 Million to build, holding almost 1700 prisoners.

Both are 20% / 30% smaller than a prison on a Cork Island, 170 years ago
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Internationally, New York’s notorious Sing Sing prison grew from 800 to 1600 prisoners around the same time.

Fellow island prison Alcatraz became infamous, yet its population never exceeded 302.

That makes Spike Island’s peak figure 8 times larger.
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The number was surpassed in modern times.

As many as 10000 populate Rikers Island in New York, but it and many like it are being closed.

The dangers of so many prisoners in one location is clear.

They failed to learn from the super prison that was @SpikeIslandCork
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@SpikeIslandCork Read more about this penal mega structure, and the history that brought about its existence, here -

johncrottyauthor.com/the-largest-pr…

If you enjoyed this Irish history please retweet to share.

#Cork #History #Irishhistory
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More from @itsjohncrotty

Sep 3
Over 175 years ago the people of Ireland and American Indians embraced

Ireland was being annihilated by a forced famine that would kill over 1 million

Those with nothing offered everything

Now, 2 statures standing either side of the Atlantic mark the moment (1) Image
In 1847 Ireland was ravaged by a horrific famine

British rulers denied sufficient aid, continuing to export food as people starved

Over 1 million Irish died - millions more emigrated

It is the most lethal event in modern Irish or British history, incl both World Wars (2) Image
The world watched horrified

Donations came from the American President, the Tsar of Russia, the Sultan of Turkey & the Pope

Unexpected donations came from British soldiers in India, Boston's Irish-Americans & English Church collections

But one source surprised everyone (3) Image
Read 11 tweets
Jul 11
On this day, 86 years ago, a momentous moment in Irish history occurred

Spike Island was returned to Ireland

It was deemed so important by Britain it fortified & held it from 1779 to 1938

When returned, Winston Churchill raged

Ireland celebrated

How did it come about? (1) Image
For context, Ireland gained independence for 26 of 32 counties after a brave War of Independence in 1921

Spike Island was retained as 1 of 3 Irish ‘Treaty ports’

A British Military base since 1779, Cork Harbour were deemed too important to relinquish

Primarily by one man (2) Image
Winston Churchill debated Collins and Co in 1921

He had visited Cork Harbour in 1912 as Head of the Admiralty

He understood the 2 century importance placed by British strategists on its role in protecting the Western Approaches

Churchill won in 1921

Dev watched & waited (3) Image
Read 24 tweets
Jul 9
My wife & I completed an Irish pilgrimage today

Sant'Agata dei Goti in Rome holds the heart of the most substantial Irishman of all time

Daniel O’Connell

Except the relic has been missing since 1927

This is the strange story of the missing heart of Daniel O’Connell (1) Image
Daniel O’Connell stands alone in Irish history

Born near Cahirsiveen in rural Kerry, he was 1 of the few landowning Catholic families

As a young man he watched as Ireland was fiercely punished for a rising in 1798

The modest gains of the late 18th century were reversed (2) Image
He thought it abhorrent Irish Catholics were restricted in voting, land ownership & parliament

Ireland even lost its parliament in 1801, the Act of Union bringing absentee government from London

He created the Catholic Rent - a modest subscription that saw huge uptake (3) Image
Read 13 tweets
May 30
A touch of class from King George VI

When Ireland became a Republic in 1948, it formally removed the last functions of the King

The Kings response was a gracious message:

'I send you my sincere good wish this day being well aware of (our) neighbourly links...' (1) Image
'I hold in most grateful memory the services and sacrifices of the men and women of your country who rendered gallant assistance to our cause in the recent war & who made a notable contribution to our victory

I pray that every blessing may be with you today & in the future' (2) Image
It was a watershed moment in Irish - UK relations

Winston Churchill had slandered the Irish government with an OTT statement at wars end over access to ports

Ports in a necessarily neutral country even his advisors said were useless

The King's comments were a healing balm (3) Image
Read 6 tweets
Apr 17
The secret scriptorium of Spike Island Cork;

It’s long been known Spike Island was home to a monastery from 635ad

But since the 1950’s a new theory has emerged

Evidence that a sacred scriptorium operated on Spike Island

And now we think we know where (1) Image
The monastery has always been of interest

An important monks death is recorded in the Annals, 821ad

Research suggests it survived at least 500 years into the 13th century

But the monastery’s exact location was lost to us

The motivation to find it has increased (2) Image
The journey began in the 1950’s

Spanish researcher Manuel C. Diaz deemed an ancient Spanish manuscript was not Spanish at all

The ‘Liber de ordine creaturarum’ was of Irish origin

Years later Paul Grosjean stated it was associated with St Mochuda - Spike Islands founder (3) Image
Read 12 tweets
Mar 4
The military credentials of Spike Island Cork are remarkable

Yet most people don't know the enormous effort taken to secure the western approaches to the British Empire

Here is the story of an island fortified to defend an Empire (1) Image
For context, Spike Island is a 104 acre island outcrop in Cork Harbour

It had already been home to a monastery in the Celtic Sea from 635AD

A first prison arrived in the 1600's, holding Oliver Cromwell's POW's. More would follow

But its strategic importance was rising (2) Image
The military arrive in 1779 as the American War of Independence is raging

France joins on the American side creating a local threat for Britain

A first fortification is built on Spike Island, a battery of 18 cannons

A 206 year military occupation is underway (3) Image
Read 17 tweets

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