26/27 April 1943 | Three Poles escaped #Auschwitz: Edward Ciesielski (12969), Witold Pilecki (4859) & Jan Redzej (5430). #Pilecki was one of the co-founders of military resistance inside the camp. After the escape, he wrote an elaborate report about German crimes in Auschwitz. twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Telegrams sent by the camp Gestapo (Politische Abteilung - Political Department) in #Auschwitz informing about the escape. One mentions "Thomas Serafinski" (false identity of Witold Pilecki) and "Johann Retko" (Jan Redzej). The other, Edward Ciesielski.
This is how Witold Pilecki described his escape in his report.
Fragment of memoirs of Edward Ciesielski about the escape.
"I've been trying to live my life so that in the hour of my death I would rather feel joy, than fear."
(Witold Pilecki)
Learn more about Witold Pilecki and Polish military resistance movement at KL Auschwitz.
The lesson describes the geographical location of the #Auschwitz camp, its security system, repressions faced by captured escapees, the collective revolts and finally tells the stories of 25 escapes.
16 April 1947 | SS-Obersturmbannführer Rudolf Höss, the first commandant of the German Nazi camp #Auschwitz was executed by hanging after he was sentenced to death by the Supreme National Tribunal in Warsaw.
[THREAD]
Rudolf Höss was born in Baden-Baden on 25 November 1901. He joined the Nazi Party in 1922 and the SS in 1934. He started his career in Dachau in December 1934, then he worked in KL Sachsenhausen. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_H%…
In May 1940 Rudolf Höss was appointed by Heinrich Himmler as the commandant of a new concentration camp created in occupied Polish territory annexed to the Third Reich - #Auschwitz.
6 April 1944 | The Gestapo under the direction of SS-Hauptsturmführer Klaus Barbie raided the Jewish orphanage in French town of #Izieu. 44 children and their 7 educators were taken to #Drancy & later deported to #Auschwitz. Only one person survived.
Beate and Serge Klarsfeld, who brought Klaus Barbie to justice in 1983, later wrote: "Forty-four children deported - no mere statistic, but rather forty-four tragedies which continue to cause us pain ..."
In this photo you can see the children on the balcony of the children's home in Izieu, summer 1943. Seated in the center, in the second row from the bottom is Laja Feldblum. She was the only survivor of the Gestapo raid on the children's home on 6 April 1944.
Jozef & Wiktoria Ulma risked their lives to help Jews during the #Holocaust. On 24 March 1944 the German police discovered the Jews in hiding.
The Jewish family was shot, as was the entire Ulma family - parents & 6 children. Wiktoria was 7 months pregnant.
March 24 - the anniversary of the murder of the Ulma family - is today in Poland the National Day of Remembrance of Poles who saved Jews during German occupiation. See this thread to learn about #Righteous linked with #Auschwitz.
#Auschwitz survivors Zofia Kossak-Szczucka and Władysław Bartoszewski were honoured for their work in "Żegota" - the Polish Council to Aid Jews en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBego…
At least 1.3 million people were deported to Auschwitz: 1,1 mln Jews, 150k Poles, 23k Roma, 15k Soviet POWs & 25k others (incl. almost 400 Jehova's witnesses and at least 77 homosexuals). Around 1,1 million people were murdered in Auschwitz, 90% Jews.
Out of 1,3 million deported, ca. 900,000 Jews were murdered in gas chambers after arrival & 400,000 people became prisoners of the camp. The estimated number of people murdered in the Auschwitz camp: 1 mln Jews, 75k Poles, 21k Roma, 14k Soviet POWs & 12k others.
Jews deported to Auschwitz according to their country of origin
Among the 400 thousand people who were registered in #Auschwitz as prisoners there were:
200,000 Jews
140,000 Poles
21,000 Roma & Sinti
12,000 Soviet POWs
9,000 Czechs
6,000 Belarussians
4,000 Germans
4,000 French
1,500 Russians
& others
There were also several thousand Poles, Roma & Soviet POWs deported to #Auschwitz & killed there without registration.
Out of over 400k people imprisoned in #Auschwitz, ca. 200,000 lost their lives: 100k Jews, 75k Poles, 21k Roma & Sinti, 14k Soviet POWs & over 10k others.
11 November 1941 | On the Polish Independence Day the Germans carried out the first execution by shooting in the yard of Block 11 of the #Auschwitz camp. 76 people were shot in the back of their heads - almost all of them Poles. 1/5
Among the executed on 11 November 1941 there were 27 prisoners kept in bunkers of Block 11 for various offenses & 49 prisoners summoned from the camp by the Political Department (camp Gestapo). 2/5
The victims had to undress completely inside Block 11 washrooms. Then their hands were tied. Before the execution, their numbers were written on their chests or their thighs. They were shot in the back of their heads by SS-Hauptscharführer Gerhard Palitzsch. 3/5
10 June 1942 | A group of prisoners of the penal company at #Auschwitz who were digging the main draining ditch at the Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp, decided to escape. About 50 Poles started to run, only 9 managed to flee the pursuit. Some were later captured. | THREAD
Aleksander Buczyński, on the 4th day after the escape he was captured by German gendarmes near Mysłowice. During the investigation he was incarcerated in Block 11. He was executed on 14 July 1942.
Tadeusz Chróścicki managed to swim across the Vistula river and after a long march, thanks to assistance provided by the Poles encountered on the way, he crossed the border of the General Government. He remained in hiding in Radom. He survived.