Fill a dead depression with seawater
With more moisture, rains follow
Desert flowers blossom
As water accumulates, early on it turns pink
Then it turns blue and green
Plants appear
Animals appear
An economy follows
Where can we do this?
There are many hellholes on Earth that look exactly like the Med when it was dry:
• Below sea level
• So high pressure
• Very hot
• Very dry
• They concentrate salts brought by rivers that die in these hellholes
You probably think of one already: the Dead Sea
It's 200-600m below sea level and there's not much there: some salt harvesting, a bit of tourism... It's mostly a desert
You could bring water from the sea and flood it. This would mean:
• Electricity generation, given the huge depression
• Which could be used for desalination. Fresh water. Irrigation. More life.
• The area would get more moisture, with more plants & animals
• More tourism
So why don't we do it? Well, we want to!
Jordan had the Red-Dead Water Conveyance project, bringing water from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea.
But they shelved it just a few years ago.
Why?
It's on the border with Israel, but Israel didn't show much interest.
Why?
Because Israel had its own plan! The Med-Dead Canal would benefit from a shorter distance for the pipelines, along with a lower mountain range to go through
But Jordan is wary of more dependence on Israel
And this would have to go through the West Bank
➡️Nothing gets done
What if there was a similar hellhole that doesn't depend on any other country? There is! Let's just travel a few hundreds of km to neighboring Egypt and its Qattara Depression
The Qattara Depression sits in the middle of nothing, in the Sahara.
Sand, salt, and sorrow.
The Egyptian gov had the idea of seaflooding it
This would have the additional benefits of:
No international discussions
A much bigger surface
In a much more desertic & desolate region
It would reduce ocean levels by 3mm
And 6% of global warming-induced sea level increases
Not only that, but it would dramatically reduce Egypt's food scarcity—and hence political instability
Ecological impact studies have been carried out, finding no real downside. There are few local animals, they can be displaced, and + animals would come
Egypt should do it!
I've gone into much more detail in this week's article
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Did you know the West's trade deficits to China are not recent, but started 2000 years ago? This is the story of how silk, porcelain, tea, opium, and silver have determined the history of the world 🧵
The Romans already complained about deficits to China! Mainly because of silk
Back then the Chinese already preferred manufacturing and selling products than consuming foreign products. Chronicler Solinus ~200 AD: The Chinese "prefer only to sell their products, but do not like to buy our goods."
Why did 🇮🇱Israel strike 🇮🇷Iran now, and not months or years ago or in the future?
A unique combination of a dozen factors converged to make the moment unique for 🇮🇱Israel: 🧵 1. No Hamas to its southwest 2. No Hezbollah to its north 3. No Assad threat to the northeast
4...
4. No more Syrian army to attack 🇮🇱Israel's planes: As the new forces of HTS took over Syria, Israel bombed all the existing Syrian military. No more fighter jets or surface-to-air missiles to threaten 🇮🇱Israel
5. Ability to fly over Syria to refuel
This is critical, because 🇮🇷Iran is ~600-1000 miles away from 🇮🇱Israel, so 1200-2000 miles round trip
The range of Israel’s stealth F35 is only about 1,350 mi
To operate inside 🇮🇷Iran, 🇮🇱Israel needed refueling over Syria
1. From Feb 2025 to Jun 2025, it increased its amount of enriched uranium by 50% 2. It now had 400kg of highly enriched uranium, enough for 9-10 bombs 3. This is 60% enriched uranium. Fuel only requires 5% enrichment.
4... 🧵
4. It's easy to go from 60% to 90% (weapons grade), it only takes weeks 5. The only country on Earth with such enriched uranium and without a bomb is 🇮🇷Iran 6. The IAEA (nuclear watchdog) found 3 secret nuclear sites
7. When 🇮🇷Iran didn't respond to this accusation, the IAEA censured it 8. 🇮🇷Iran responded to the censoring by saying it would open a 3rd enrichment site in a secret spot
Now that the 🇺🇸US has bombed 3 of 🇮🇷Iran's nuclear sites, where will the war go from here?
It depends on 🇮🇱Israel: 🧵
🇮🇷Iran never wanted the war, and its forces are being decimated. Its ability to send missiles to 🇮🇱Israel is being degraded every day. If it could sign a ceasefire while saving face, it would
Meanwhile, 🇮🇱Israel has kept striking Iran non stop. Its daily airstrikes didn't go down substantially in the first few days. Its ability to keep striking 🇮🇷Iran remains unabated
Can there be an invasion of Iran? Hardly. Two maps explain why, and also why Iran is the way it is today, whether its regime will fall, what other superpowers will do, and in general why Iran is the way it is today
The only truly exposed area is the southwestern corner of Khuzestan, which is a swamp
The biggest superpowers lie to the west, and there the very broad Zagros make it really hard to conquer Iran. The mountain range is tall and wide, making logistics similar to Afghanistan. Very hard.
Iraq learned it the hard way when it tried to attack there in 1980
Listening to the debate, it looks like 🇮🇱Israel & the 🇺🇸US intelligence community disagreed, but that's not really the case!
Both thought Iran was weeks to months away from being able to develop the bomb
So what's the disagreement?
Here are more facts:
• Tehran had just announced a 3rd enrichment site in an undisclosed place
• The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) had recently produced a report censoring Iran for the 1st time in 20y
• It accused Iran of 3 undisclosed nuclear sites
• It claimed Iran had enough enriched uranium for 9-10 nuclear bombs
• All the other countries in the world who have enriched uranium at the same level also have nuclear weapons. Iran is the only country that doesn't have these weapons yet enriches uranium as much