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May 10 11 tweets 3 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
hUNa, Xiongnu, Chionite, Kidarite, Hephtalite, Alkhan, hyona: The Hun-s: Could the root of this steppe power have been Indo-Aryan?
In the yaSht to the goddess druvAspA we have the following incantation wherein kauvi vistAspa, the patron of the promulgator of the Iranian counter-
religion zarathustra, invokes her against several daeva-worshiping foes whom he wishes to smite or ``bring'' to the counter-religion (good religion): Image
Then again we have: Image
Among these are the x'iiaona-s. They are also mentioned as being led by arejat-aspa in the yaSht to the Earth (The Iranic equivalent of the pR^ithivI-sUkta): ``and the fiendish wicked arejat-aspa and the other wicked x'iiaonas''. The Zoroastrian tradition identified them with the
Huns, and this memory was reinforced after the disastrous defeat and death of the Sassanian shahanshah Phiroz at the hands of the shveta-hUNa lord Akhśunwar. The word x'iiaona is spelt in the Sassanian script of the Avesta with a x'ii -- very rare as an initial and originally
different from hiiaona. The Iranicists have pointed out that the latter form is what it would have been if it had been inherited from the common Indo-Iranian ancestor from the form attested in Skt at syona. However, it would be likely rendered with this sound unclear to the later
Dasturs, if x'iiaona had been laterally acquired from syona from an Indo-Aryan source early in the Iranic tradition but after the Indo-Aryan-Iranian split had occurred. The word syona is a positive word in Skt: sun, ray, pleasant, comfortable. Thus, we posit that the syona as a
tribal ethnonym was used in a positive sense & that tribal assemblage was originally a steppe Indo-Aryan as opposed to an Iranian group. Probably they used it in the sense of sun or ray -- implying a solar connotation. Following the Iranicists, we entirely agree that a successor
form of the word was the origin of the terms Xiongnu, Hun and Chionite. It was a prestigious clan name that clung even as its old Indo-Aryans were Mongolized in the eastern steppes of the Altai and Mongolia. It probably also underwent a secondary Iranicization to acquire an
initial H probably via loss of memory of the pronunciation of the old x'iiaona and its simplification as hiiaona. It was that version that reentered the Skt and Pkts as hUNa. That would be consistent with the steppe Indo-Iranian R1a Y-haplogroup in Hunnic-age elite males from
Mongolia (see: manasataramgini.wordpress.com/2022/01/30/hun…). This prior should be kept in mind while interpreting the ritual sword and the associated deity of the Pan-Hunnic tradition (also the likely root of the Hun Khan Khingila).

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More from @blog_supplement

May 11
Where the Alkhan huNa-s paramabhAgavata-s. Below is our tabulation, the only systematic one to our knowledge, of the key symbols left behind by various huNa lords, while vaiShNava symbols dominate in overall number, they are not exclusive. Hence, we may infer that they were Image
typical paurANika H may be with vaiShNava leanings. In support of this after the Alkhan lord toramANa overthrew the gupta viceroy at airikiNa (modern Eran in MP) during his invasion of mAlava, he allowed his successor, now as his feudatory, to complete the viShNu temple.
toramANa's son mihirakula is clearly mentioned as a pAshupata and keeping with this his coins AFAIK only feature a trishUla. However, we have a possible sealing from him which depicts him worshipping viShNu & he has lakShmI on his coins. So he might have had shaiva leanings but
Read 5 tweets
May 7
Cranial capacity is normally distributed. Got 821 skulls from data of the early American phrenologist Morton. As noted before different measurement methods give somewhat different results but overall tend to be consistent. The data here is mean, when multiple measurements exist Image
The red lines on the right tail indicate the big-brained archaics & early sapiens, in order: Boskop: early African sapiens; Xujiayao-6: East Asian archaic; Amud-1: West Asian Neanderthal; Xuchang-1: East Asian archaics. The possibility that the east Asian archaics are actually
Denisovans has been proposed, though we don't know for sure. It shows that the biggest modern sizes were already attained by 100,000K years in some groups. In Morton's data the overall mean for sapiens is 1328 cc which is less than the average for Neanderthalis ~1500 cc. It has
Read 5 tweets
May 6
With phrenology falling out of vogue in the Occident, it is not at all easy to get a large dataset on human cranial volumes purely for research on the internet. One famous collection is that of the early American phrenologist Morton of 1225 crania of various peoples of the world
Morton, called by many to be a racist, was accused of inflating the volumes of the "white Caucasian" (or deflating that of others) by the Marxist scientist SJ Gould. While Morton had beliefs typical of Euro-ancestry Americans of the age (early 1800s), reexamination of his records
shows no evidence for fudging of the data. There are different methods for cranial volumetry: Morton used two alternatives. Initially, he filled the skulls with pepper seeds and measured out their volume. Then he used lead pellets. His contemporary, a German Tiedemann who amassed
Read 10 tweets
May 6
Not endorsing the deity id but some comments. The dice prognostication with 64 omens reappears in the Turkic Irk bitig suggesting it remained popular in central Asia over a period. There are earlier dice of similar type in kuShANa sites from central Asia:
manasataramgini.wordpress.com/2022/07/05/som…
The reference to the plurality of marut-s and not in the sense of vAyu is notable here. I 've hence considered this a late survival of an archaic tradition that lost currency in "middle India". The garlic manuscript is evidently a recension of the lAshUNa-kalpa or the gandha-maha
i.e., the annual stench festival that was described in the medical kAshyapa saMhitA. See: manasataramgini.wordpress.com/2008/06/24/las…
We suspect the Arya-s & eastern Iranian-s had shared garlic taboo going back to their days on the steppe & possibly related to the purity of the hotR^i & adhvaryu
Read 6 tweets
May 5
The solid black represents the current range where our closest living cousins the 2 Pan species are found. The * shows the site where the only known fossil chimp from ~545 KYA was found. Here it overlapped in space & time with an extinct grade of Homo, probably erectus. Thus, Image
Pan and Homo lived in close proximity as recently 545 KYA. But the paradox is, where are the fossils of the Pan lineage then? While Sahelanthropus &Orrorin were probably close to the Homo-Pan common ancestor, most apes after that, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Paranthropus are
are seen as closer to Homo than Pan. The genetic evidence suggests that even if Sahelanthropus & Orrorin were close the divergence of the two lineages, they continued to mate with each other down to the time of Ardipithecus -- it could have been from a population that, at least
Read 4 tweets
May 3
Finally, we come to Kennedy addressing the decline of mahAmlechCha empire: He, as a historian, correctly accepts that fact like all other empires, this one would also fall. However, he hopes for a soft-landing. In our opinion, there were structural fractures but they were not Image
fatal when he was writing. However, he correctly realized that if the politicians did not properly manage them, things could go worse. The breakout of navyonmAda from the walls of the American left-liberal academia into the real world -- Marxism with American characteristics --
has changed things in away he would not have expected. The jinni is out of the bottle & is not going inside because a good part of the kids of the American elite has contracted navyonmAda. The duShTa-s who have put piNDaka & paDbIshapuruSha in their Asandi-s are now the rulers.
Read 7 tweets

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