Alice Evans Profile picture
May 12 11 tweets 6 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
“Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity” is a terrific new book by @DAcemogluMIT & @baselinescene

Now, I have an idea!

Read the book, share your questions, & let’s collectively grill Daron Acemoglu in my podcast next month! #bookclub 🔥
In my opinion, this is the best book @DAcemogluMIT has written because it really engages with culture, eg on how

- churches legitimised medieval exploitation
- white Americans normalised Jim Crow
- the power of charisma, and how
- we can rethink our vision of technology
On #charisma, this book rocked my priors.

Previously, I gave more credit to big structural forces.

But @DAcemogluMIT & @baselinescene demonstrate the importance of skilled oratory & ideological persuasion.

That’s a key part of their argument.

They insist change is possible.
‘Vision’ is also central.

@DAcemogluMIT & @baselinescene argue that the direction of progress depends on society’s ‘vision’: how should society be organised? what’s acceptable?

‘Vision’ is thus an ideological battle of persuasion.
This emphasis on ‘vision’ is very different from Why Nations Fail and The Narrow Corridor

- which largely implied that each group wants to advance their self-interest and they’re more able to do so if they’re strong and unified.
Inequalities may go unquestioned.

@DAcemogluMIT & @baselinescene argue that rich people command higher status, which makes them more persuasive.

That ideological power is reinforced by institutions, which entrench elite wealth.

So our vision remains influenced by rich elites.
Let me give the example of Trump:

Some people venerate wealth & perceive him as a great businessman. This heightens his ideological power.

As DA & SJ argue, as more people listen, he gains status & success.

In Alabama, white people referred to him as ‘our president’.
Economics is another example

@DAcemogluMIT & @baselinescene argue how the reverence for Economists like Milton Friedman and the Chicago school strengthened their ideological power & social influence.

Likewise (almost) everyone bought the line that “banks must be bailed out”.
Ideological persuasion is not only vested in charismatic leaders and thinkers but also popular culture.

The film “Birth of a Nation” fostered racist stereotypes and increased hate crimes across the US aeaweb.org/articles?id=10…

So culture is not set in stone.

It is malleable
Having made the case for charisma & ideological persuasion, @DAcemogluMIT & @baselinescene argue that technology *can* be redirected.

People could be convinced to rethink the social bias of technology & demand that it is regulated in ways that promote productivity & prosperity.
Are they right??

Tbh, I think it’s an upward struggle.

Google is already using AI to enhance its corporate power - argues @parismarx.

By scraping together answers from around the web, Google keeps users on its page and monopolises advertising revenue. disconnect.blog/p/google-wants…

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More from @_alice_evans

May 13
Andean women work at high rates and culture emphasises ‘gender complementarity’.

But men monopolise community meetings.

Men are far better educated, regarded as knowledgeable.

If women try to speak they are mocked and derided.

Superb article on indigenous 🇧🇴 patriarchy 👇 Image
This article draws on Pape’s two years of ethnographic work in two highland villages.

Women repeatedly said that men would laugh at them if they tried to speak.

This is a key mechanism of cultural persistence: group bullying. Image
By publicly scolding women who dare to speak out, men perpetuate fear and maintain dominance:

The women invariably said “we are afraid”. Image
Read 13 tweets
May 12
Single LAC women have always worked, just like the US. It’s not disreputable, there is no cult of seclusion.

But motherhood is primary, so FLFP is much lower among married women.

Fantastic graph from Chioda, which in my mind shows the unique nature of gender in Latin America. Image
In Argentina in the 1990s, single women’s employment actually surpassed the US.

As you can see, there’s a consistently big gap between single and married women’s FLFP. Image
It’s worth reiterating that in the mid-1990s, only 15% of married Mexican women said they were working.

So the overwhelming majority of men alive today grew up with full-time mothers, at home every day, cooking their every meal. Image
Read 4 tweets
May 12
Across the world, people call on gods to enforce social cooperation.

Gods are believed to to fix problems that are costly, salient & beyond secular monitoring.

Fantastic paper drawing on quant & qual. Bravo!

This has several key implications
🧶
1) There’s mounting evidence that religiosity promotes social cooperation.

This is consistent with earlier work suggesting a co-evolutionary process between the axial age, belief in supernatural punishment and growing socioeconomic complexity.
2) The authors make a very nice point that gods might be called upon to enforce social cooperation where secular alternatives are inadequate.

Distrust in states and markets may motivate religiosity.
Read 9 tweets
May 11
Technology leapfrogging is regarded as a win in economic development.

But is the same true for culture?

If one group grows up patriarchal & expects deference while another rapidly changes, this may trigger backlash.

Let me illustrate with France, Spain, & Latin America

🧶
People develop their gender ideologies by observing their families and local communities.

Once forged, these gender stereotypes are hard to dislodge.

Confirmation bias means that we tend to ignore disconfirming information.

Social change thus occurs one funeral at a time.
For this reason, sons of working mothers are much more likely to have working wives.

Boys see the benefits first-hand, they regard it as normal, and they probably know how to cook for themselves. They’re less likely to expect female servitude.

This has been shown in 🇫🇷🇲🇽🇩🇪 🇿🇲 Image
Read 19 tweets
May 10
Why do Latin American cities have so many single mothers?

It goes back centuries, so does female-biased urban migration.

Men inherited land; there were weak constraints on female mobility & demand for domestics. So women came to cities.

More women; more competition for men. Image
I had not put all this together before!

But the more I read on the 18th & 19th centuries, the more I realise the prevalence of both female-biased urban migration and single mothers.
A plethora of single ladies may perpetuate a negative feedback loop, because women need to make a more attractive offer in order to attract scarce men

- as I argue in “A Unified Theory of Marriage”

draliceevans.substack.com/p/a-unified-th… Image
Read 13 tweets
May 2
Why doesn’t Canada have more women in senior management?

Canada has high rates of FLFP, mostly full-time. This may reflect paternal leave & subsidised care

People also reject that men are better business leaders (WVS)

So why is senior management still 64% male? (Lower than US) Image
Here is my underlying motivation

I am not just interested in Canada, but also using it as a test to identify gendered obstacles.

Some argue that US female employment is lower than other OECD countries because care is so expensive that working class mothers can’t afford to work.
As long as fewer women work, then fewer will make it to senior management.

There’s an obvious pipeline problem.

So many argue that state subsidised care is necessary to increase female employment.
Read 8 tweets

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