Emmanuel Profile picture
May 14 8 tweets 5 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
KILLING ME SOFTLY ! 😰

Constant REINFECTION and exposure to newer variants SHORTEN LIFESPAN of a majority of the exposed population, by inducing major changes in their lymphocytes, what is called LYMPHOCYTOPENIA ! Image
2) Lymphopenia (also called lymphocytopenia) is a disorder in which your blood doesn't have enough white blood cells called lymphocytes, which play a protective role in your immune system. Image
3) Reference : nature.com/articles/s4139…
Fig. Peripheral blood lymphocytes are infected by SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients. Image
4) Fig. SARS-CoV-2 in vitro infection of T cell lines or primary T cells Image
5) Fig. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced apoptosis in T cells. Image
6) DISCUSSION
"Here, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 infected T lymphocytes, mainly CD4 + T cells, in an ACE2-independent manner. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggered pronounced T-cell death, which potentially contributed to lymphopenia in patients with COVID-19." Image
7) "T-cell infection may also pose profound influences on patients. Infected T lymphocytes not only lost the ability to control viral infection but may also carry viruses to other parts of the body through blood circulation."

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More from @ejustin46

May 14
I FORGOT WHERE THE KEYS ARE !
How does SARS-CoV-2 enter brain cells?

"The constellation of neurological symptoms reported following SARS-CoV-2 infection include headache, dizziness, delirium, encephalopathy, increased stroke risk, and encephalitis ... Image
2) ... and also suggest peripheral nervous system involvement (vision and smell impairments, sympathoactivation, etc ...)"

"Furthermore, our findings help to define anatomically susceptible regions to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the brainstem" Image
3) Fig. (A–H) Immunoperoxidase staining for ACE2R in the human medulla reveals a specific topographical expression that is comparable to TMPRSS2 staining (I–L). Image
Read 9 tweets
May 13
EVEN "MILDER",
SARS-CoV-2 OMICRON variant causes BRAIN INFECTION with LYMPHOID DEPLETION in a mouse COVID-19 model 😰
labanimres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…

Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics of Wuhan- and Omicron-infected K18-hACE2 mice. Image
2) Comparison of viral infection in the lungs and brains of Wuhan- and Omicron-infected K18-hACE2 mice. Image
3) Nerve cell infection in the brain of an Omicron-infected mouse. Representative IF images for neuron-specific enolase (green; a neuron marker) and viral N protein (red) in the brains of Omicron-infected K18-hACE2 mice with brain infection at 7 dpi. Image
Read 6 tweets
May 13
SARS-CoV-2 introductions to the island of IRELAND
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Fig. SARS-CoV-2 timeline in Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland. Image
2) Fig. For each period, the proportionof importations from each country. Centre, the nb of introductions and the number of tips percountry in the tree. Right, the nb of introductions per country and the distance in kilometres between Ireland and each respective country Image
3) Fig. Bivariate sequential choropleth maps (9-class) depicting relationships between population density, deprivation, and SARS-CoV-2 introductions and spread for all local government districts in Ireland. Image
Read 5 tweets
May 13
"Riding the Wave: Unveiling the Conformational Waves from RBD to ACE2"
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
Fig. Dynamics of ACE2 receptor that bound with antibody inhibited RHD. Image
2) "We presented the dynamics of ACE2-RBD using long-time all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The structural stability and dynamics of the RBD (of the variants) with ACE2 receptors show induced conformational transitions from RBD to ACE2 receptor" Image
3) Conformational changes arise from a single point mutation or multiple mutations in the RBD that determine binding affinity...Furthermore, the dynamics of ACE2 apo, open, closed, and RBD-bound revealed the induced transformation and structural stability of the ACE2 receptor." Image
Read 4 tweets
May 13
AMAZING VIRUS !
Apoptosis (CELLS DEATH)
(2nd part)

In a previous thread we showed that SARS-COV-2 caused apoptosis (cells death) in several organs.
But the virus has more than one card up his sleeve.
2) Indeed, the primary function of a virus is not to kill its host, but to replicate.
And if the virus had succeeded in implementing a process blocking the apoptosis, leaving his host contaminated and thus allowing him to REPRODUCE ALMOST ENDLESSLY. Image
3) Two recent studies suggest so :
"SARS-CoV-2 N protein enhances the anti-apoptotic activity of MCL-1 to promote viral replication"
nature.com/articles/s4139…
Fig. SARS-CoV-2 N protein represses cell apoptosis. Image
Read 6 tweets
May 13
DON'T PLAY FIRE with PATHOGENS,
YOU WILL BURN YOURSELF 💥

In a previous thread we explained the incredible immune system of bats against viruses.
Despite this, a FUNGUS has already killed 90% or more of the bat populations in parts of North America.
2) "The fungus that causes white nose syndrome is believed to have been brought to North America from Europe, where bats are apparently accustomed to it. Named for the white, fuzzy spots it produces on noses and other bat body parts" Image
3) There is a small chance, that thanks to the long period of hibernation they have just known the last survivors will remain alive.
apnews.com/article/little…
Read 4 tweets

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