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Emmanuel Profile picture
Emmanuel
@ejustin46
Passionate citizen of science. Living in Jakarta. More about our personal life in Indonesia on Instagram @emmanuel.0862
59 subscribers
Nov 28 • 5 tweets • 3 min read
"70% to 90% of our CELLS are completely RENEWED in less than 5 YEARS!
So If we’re mostly "New", why are so many still struggling with SARS-CoV-2?

We will tackle this question, which is more complex than it seems, in several posts. Image 2) First, let's say a few words about cell renewal.
70% to 90% of our cells are renewed over time. This turnover occurs in various cell types, including skin, blood, and immune cells, allowing the body to replace damaged or aged cells.
sciencefocus.com/the-human-body…Image
Nov 26 • 6 tweets • 3 min read
UNRAVELING CO-INFECTION:
How SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses Interact ?
(In layman's terms)

Two groundbreaking studies exploring the complex dynamics of viral co-infection!
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
biorxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
Image 2) Co-infection occurs when a person is infected by more than one virus at the same time. This can lead to interesting and sometimes complex interactions between the viruses Image
Nov 24 • 8 tweets • 2 min read
ENVELOPE PROTEIN and LONG COVID

For more than three years, we have been emphasizing that the envelope protein is an essential component and that we cannot limit our focus to just the spike protein. We are now uncovering its role in long COVID. Image 2) Here are some insights on the E protein and its role in long COVID, as discussed in this recent study.
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12…Image
Nov 21 • 5 tweets • 2 min read
"N''oubliez jamais" (Never forget - Joe Cocker)🧵

In 2022, COVID-19 was the second leading cause of death globally, with the repercussions of the virus far from over. The lasting impact of the pandemic continues to affect lives around the world. 2)
Nov 20 • 4 tweets • 2 min read
LONG COVID : Sticky Microclots in the blood !

Recent research may have identified a key factor contributing to long COVID: microscopic clots intertwined with immune system debris in the blood. These unusual structures were found to be nearly 20 times more prevalent ... Image 2) ...in long COVID patients compared to healthy individuals. The clots, associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), suggest a potential biological marker for persistent symptoms. Image
Nov 16 • 12 tweets • 3 min read
Unlocking the Secrets: A Comprehensive Megathread on Key Virus Subtypes of Human and Avian Influenza !"🧵

First, a quick overview of the different subtypes:

HUMAN INFLUENZA
H1N1 : The 2009 pandemic strain, which continues to circulate
... Image 2) H3N2: Strain spreading fast actually and causing significant morbidity
H6N1: Notable for potential human impact.

AVIAN INFLUENZA :
H5N1: High pathogenicity, zoonotic concerns.
H3N8: Emerging strain of interest.
H7N9: Associated with human infections, sporadic outbreaks. Image
Nov 15 • 5 tweets • 2 min read
A DANGEROUS H3N2 AND SARS-COV-2 COCKTAIL?

There's a French saying, "It’s no use being right if you’re the only one who believes it." Regarding H3N2, which is spreading rapidly, we've sounded the alarm multiple times. However, perhaps discussing it too early is of little value 😏 Image 2)
Nov 15 • 7 tweets • 2 min read
**MERS: The Forgotten Virus**

I have always been wary of this virus, perhaps because it belongs to the coronavirus family. Despite its significance, it rarely makes headlines. Over the past three years, there have been 2,658 reported cases, resulting in 958 deaths ... Image 2) ...figures that only reflect confirmed cases.

So why should we remain cautious about MERS? This megathread aims to provide some answers. ecdc.europa.eu/en/publication…Image
Nov 12 • 5 tweets • 2 min read
"Understanding Viral Evolution: The Shift and Drift Dynamics of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2"
(2nd part)

Antigenic drift and shift are key concepts in virology, particularly for influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Image 2) Drift refers to small genetic mutations over time, while shift involves major changes, often through reassortment.
For instance, seasonal flu viruses undergo drift, leading to new strains each year. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits drift but ... Image
Nov 12 • 5 tweets • 2 min read
"NEW FLU VIRUS MUTATION could see WORST SEASON in a DECADE"

Insights for understanding SARS-COV-2 (1st part) 🤔
Thanks to @mryoung151
for the article bbc.com/news/articles/… 2) Let's start with an overview of this article.
A newly mutated H3N2 influenza virus strain has emerged unexpectedly during summer, raising concerns about a potentially severe flu season, possibly the worst in a decade. Image
Nov 11 • 8 tweets • 4 min read
But WHO ARE ALL THESE DEAD PEOPLE that NO ONE is TALK ABOUT?

Imagine if every day in Europe, three or four planes carrying 180 passengers each were to crash, leaving no survivors, and yet no one talked about it. This troubling silence isn't just a European phenomenon; Image 2) it extends to many countries around the globe.

Looking back at the period from 2015 to 2019, the European community recorded about 5 million deaths each year—a figure that, while varying slightly depending on the sources, remained relatively stable. Image
Nov 9 • 10 tweets • 4 min read
The FUNNEL of ESCAPE : Unlocking the Secrets of SARS-CoV-2 Survival !

An explanation for Kids 👩‍❤️‍👨based on this recent study :
"Constrained Evolutionary Funnels Shape Viral Immune Escape"
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image 2) In this study, scientists are trying to understand how tricky viruses, like the one that causes COVID-19, try to escape from our body's defenses.

**The Virus and Our Immune System:**
- Viruses are sneaky and always want to find new ways to avoid being caught ... Image
Nov 6 • 17 tweets • 6 min read
**THE AGE OF PANZOONOTICS**

In the world of infectious diseases, panzoonotic diseases stand out for their ability to spread between multiple animal species and from animals to humans, revealing our interconnectedness.

What MAKES COVID-19 a UNIQUE PANZOONOTIC? Image 2)To grasp this, we must acknowledge the major panzoonotics that have influenced public health: Rabies (spanning 190 species) , COVID-19 (58 species), and avian influenza (48 species).
While COVID-19 is prominent, other diseases ...
Nov 6 • 4 tweets • 2 min read
The FALSE FRIENDS and MISCONCEPTIONS about COVID-19

COVID-19 is a winter virus? Apparently, June 2025 was winter in the UK! Who knew? Image 2) It mainly affects old people. But did you know that if you’re under 6 months old, you’re considered “old” in COVID terms? Image
Oct 21 • 20 tweets • 7 min read
What Are the KEY DIFFERENCES That Make SARS-CoV-2 UNIQUE Among RESPIRATORY VIRUSES Like INFLUENZA and RHINOVIRUSES?

▶️ TRANSMISSION MECHANISM :
- **SARS-CoV-2** primarily spreads through aerosols and contact with contaminated surfaces. It has a longer viral shedding period ... Image 2) ...which can lead to asymptomatic spread.
- **Influenza**: Also spreads via respiratory droplets, but typically has a shorter contagious period and less asymptomatic transmission compared to SARS-CoV-2.
Oct 14 • 11 tweets • 3 min read
SPERM, STRESS, and the NEXT GENERATION:
The Long-Term Anxious Legacy of COVID-19 and potential impact on Millions of Kids

A recent study in Nature reveals that mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited changes in their sperm that led to increased anxiety levels in their offspring Image 2) We had already warned several times about the risks of COVID-19 on sperm.

Aug 28 • 10 tweets • 3 min read
IS SARS-CoV-2 BECOMING "INVISIBLE"? The Hidden Truth Behind the Pandemic

As the world strives to move past the COVID-19 pandemic, a troubling narrative has emerged: the perception that SARS-CoV-2 is becoming "invisible." Image 2) Governments and communities are eager to return to normalcy, leading to a tendency to downplay the virus's severity. Reports of new infections and long COVID cases have been totally minimized, creating a false sense of security ...
Aug 27 • 6 tweets • 2 min read
Your brain is lying to you ! 2) Image
Aug 16 • 4 tweets • 2 min read
VIRUS TEAM-UP:
How SARS-CoV-2 Keeps Cells alive to Spread, Increase Disease Severity and Aid Influenza! 😰
advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ad…Image 2) This research shows that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, stops infected cells from dying. Normally, when cells die, it helps stop viruses from spreading. By keeping these cells alive longer, SARS-CoV-2 allows itself to multiply and also helps other viruses ... Image
Aug 8 • 8 tweets • 3 min read
ENTROPY UNLEASHED:
How Viral Protein Interactions Drive Coronavirus Adaptation in Bats and Humans

Entropy, in a general sense, refers to the level of disorder or randomness in a system.
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image 2) When we talk about protein interactions and viral behavior, entropy can be viewed as a measure of how complex and varied these interactions are.

In the context of the study about coronavirus interactions in bat and human cells, here's a simplified breakdown. Image
Aug 5 • 10 tweets • 3 min read
COVID-19 and/or SARS-CoV-2
(opinion)

Patients care most about how COVID-19 affects their health and daily life, including for those with long COVID. Scientists focus on understanding the virus to find better treatments. Both views are important for dealing with the pandemic. Image 2) I'm bringing up this topic because, after talking so much about the disease, its long-term effects, treatments, and vaccines, many people have forgotten that we are dealing with the most dangerous virus humanity has ever faced.