Emmanuel Profile picture
Passionate citizen of science. Living in Jakarta. More about our personal life in Indonesia on Instagram @emmanuel.0862
58 subscribers
Aug 16 4 tweets 2 min read
VIRUS TEAM-UP:
How SARS-CoV-2 Keeps Cells alive to Spread, Increase Disease Severity and Aid Influenza! 😰
advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ad…Image 2) This research shows that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, stops infected cells from dying. Normally, when cells die, it helps stop viruses from spreading. By keeping these cells alive longer, SARS-CoV-2 allows itself to multiply and also helps other viruses ... Image
Aug 8 8 tweets 3 min read
ENTROPY UNLEASHED:
How Viral Protein Interactions Drive Coronavirus Adaptation in Bats and Humans

Entropy, in a general sense, refers to the level of disorder or randomness in a system.
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image 2) When we talk about protein interactions and viral behavior, entropy can be viewed as a measure of how complex and varied these interactions are.

In the context of the study about coronavirus interactions in bat and human cells, here's a simplified breakdown. Image
Aug 5 10 tweets 3 min read
COVID-19 and/or SARS-CoV-2
(opinion)

Patients care most about how COVID-19 affects their health and daily life, including for those with long COVID. Scientists focus on understanding the virus to find better treatments. Both views are important for dealing with the pandemic. Image 2) I'm bringing up this topic because, after talking so much about the disease, its long-term effects, treatments, and vaccines, many people have forgotten that we are dealing with the most dangerous virus humanity has ever faced.
Aug 1 5 tweets 2 min read
INSIDE OUR INFECTED CELLS.
How SARS-COV-2 stealthy hijacks our cellular sanctuaries (organelles) ?
🤓 Visual explanations

Organelles provide the possibility for the virus to organize its RNA in PROTECTED structures, concentrate REPLICATION machinery ...
nature.com/articles/s4146…Image 2) ...compartmentalize the replication process, and hide from immune detection.

Figure 1g - The large perinuclear clusters of viral RNA demonstrate how the viral RNA is organized into PROTECTED structures. Image
Jul 30 7 tweets 3 min read
SARS-CoV-2: The VIRUS That MASTERFULLY "ADAPTS" to SPREAD FURTHER !

If you were SARS-CoV-2, you could choose to spread in two ways: you could release a lot of tiny particles into the air to infect many people, or you could release just a few super infectious particles ... Image 2) ... that are really good at making someone sick.
This study published in Nature shows that some variants of the virus are especially strong, meaning they can infect with fewer particles, making it easier for them to spread quickly!
nature.com/articles/s4429…Image
Jul 29 4 tweets 2 min read
WHAT is OMICRON'S CLEVER TRICK ?
An explanation for kids 👫
... from a great study of @StuartTurville and colleagues

Omicron is different and spreads faster between people because Omicron attaches to a special protein in our bodies called ACE2 in a different way. Image 2) There are two types of ACE2 proteins - one that helps control blood pressure, and another that helps other proteins.

Previous COVID viruses could attach to both types of ACE2, with the help of another protein called TMPRSS2. Image
Jul 28 4 tweets 2 min read
CORONAVIRUSES and the BRAIN:
Exploring Hidden Links to Neurological Diseases

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) include seven types, with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 being the most contagious and causing severe pandemics. Image 2) These viruses mainly affect the respiratory system, causing symptoms like cough, fever, and breathing difficulties.
Recent evidence suggests a link between HCoVs and brain disorders. Image
Jul 28 6 tweets 2 min read
The SARS-CoV-2 PUZZLE :
How Our Microbes Shape the Disease Picture ?

New technology called next-generation sequencing (NGS) shows that many germs can be present at the same time, affecting how diseases show up in people. Image 2) Instead of thinking one disease is caused by one germ, researchers now consider that multiple active germs can be involved, especially in illnesses like COVID-19.
The germs living in our bodies may play a role in how diseases develop. Image
Jul 28 4 tweets 2 min read
NO ENVELOPE, NO LETTER ? 🤔
Does removing the envelope gene make SARS-CoV-2 infection weaker ?

A modified virus without the Envelope (E) protein, known as ΔE, produces fewer viral particles despite having more Spike proteins on the cell surface.
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image 2) This happens because the E protein plays a crucial role in the assembly and release of new virus particles.
When the E protein is absent, the virus struggles to efficiently package the Spike proteins into new viral particles. Image
Jul 24 10 tweets 3 min read
10 MOST DANGEROUS VIRUSES ON EARTH
(🧵 mega-thread)

1. **SARS-CoV-2**: The virus responsible for COVID-19, notable for its high transmissibility, global impact, and potential for severe illness and long-term health effects. Image 2. **Ebola Virus**: Known for its high mortality rate and severe symptoms, transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids.
Jul 24 13 tweets 4 min read
WHY SARS-CoV-2 REMAINS the MOST DANGEROUS VIRUS of ALL TIME ?
(🧵 mega-thread) 2) SARS-CoV-2 is considered one of the most dangerous viruses based on the following criteria:

**Transmission Rate**: SARS-CoV-2 has a high transmission rate, with an R0 value that allows it to spread rapidly within populations.
Apr 29 7 tweets 3 min read
Why is Identifying "Non-Trivial SARS-CoV-2 Population Structure within Hosts" Important for Understanding SARS-COV-2 Evolution and the Emergence of New Variants?

journals.plos.org/plospathogens/…Image 2) The "non-trivial population structure" refers to the viral population within a host consisting of two or more distinct, independently evolving subpopulations, rather than a single, homogeneous population. Image
Apr 26 7 tweets 3 min read
No, Omicron is not the "humanized" SARS-COV-2 !

(Explanation in simple terms)
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image 2) Viruses are not living things. They are tiny particles that can only make copies of themselves inside the cells of living things, like humans. When a virus makes copies of itself, it doesn't always make perfect copies.
Apr 26 6 tweets 2 min read
"What if humans had sent SARS-COV-2 into space, or even brought COVID-19 along for astronauts?"

biorxiv.org/content/10.110…Image 2) This study looks at the risks of COVID-19 for people traveling to space.

Space travel is becoming more common, with over 600 people having gone to space. But COVID-19 could be a big problem for astronauts in the unique environment of space. Image
Apr 24 5 tweets 2 min read
From Lung Damage to Gut Dysbiosis:
The Lasting Implications of SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific Microbiome Changes (From Wuhan strain to Omicron)
labanimres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…Image 2) The Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 caused serious damage to the lungs of infected mice. The mice had a very high chance of dying from this strain. The researchers also looked at the bacteria in the lungs and guts of the infected mice. Image
Apr 23 10 tweets 4 min read
What are GAMMA CORONAVIRUSES ?
And why did we decide to talk about it? Image
Image
2) A brief reminder :

▶️ SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family Coronaviridae, is classified as a coronavirus and is responsible for COVID-19
▶️ Bird Flu refers to various strains of the influenza virus, particularly those in the Orthomyxoviridae family including H5N1 and H7N9. Image
Apr 21 4 tweets 2 min read
A TREATMENT that Could Finally END Long COVID Suffering ?

This isn't the first time a treatment has been announced, and as millions continue to struggle with long Covid, we need to remain both cautious and hopeful 🤗 Image 2) Researchers at WEHI announced that they discovered a new drug that can stop long COVID symptoms in mice. This drug is more effective than the current top treatment, Paxlovid, for both long COVID and acute COVID cases. Image
Apr 21 8 tweets 2 min read
Experts Provide (finally !) Roadmap to Address the Complexities of Long COVID

... with top experts👍as @AndrewEwing11 @DavidJoffe64 and the Long COVID consensus expert panel 💥💯
ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…Image 2) Long COVID is a complex condition that affects many people after they have had COVID-19. It can cause a wide range of symptoms that last for a long time. There are not many clear guidelines on how to diagnose and treat Long COVID. Image
Apr 20 6 tweets 3 min read
We're not about to feel bad for SARS-CoV-2 infecting us humans. But let's be real - the life of a virus isn't exactly a walk in the park 🥴
These little buggers are constantly trying to "have their cake and eat it too."

(An astonishing study 👇💥💯) virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…Image 2) On one hand, they need to spread like wildfire from person to person. But on the other hand, they also have to make tons of copies of themselves inside each infected host.

Not an easy balance to strike, is it? Image
Apr 20 10 tweets 4 min read
WHY is it IMPOSSIBLE to COMPLETELY ELIMINATE the SARS-CoV-2 virus? (Final part)

What if my question concerning viral persistence was not asked properly? Image 2) Let me try to explain in simple words.

Viral persistence refers to the ability of some viruses to stay in the body for a long time, often even after the initial infection has cleared. This means that the virus can remain in certain tissues or cells and ... Image
Apr 20 5 tweets 2 min read
WHY is it IMPOSSIBLE to COMPLETELY ELIMINATE the SARS-CoV-2 virus? (3rd part)

Simply because SARS-CoV-2 is a very sneaky and persistent virus. It has evolved ways to hide from and even manipulate our immune system to its advantage.
Just an example ...
nature.com/articles/s4159…Image 2) Imagine that SARS-COV-2 succeed to hide inside certain immune cells called macrophages in the lungs, and then spreads from one macrophage to another, allowing it to persist for a very long time.

But it also disrupts the normal functioning of immune cells like NK cells and ...