Never be afraid to raise your voice for honesty and truth and compassion against injustice and lying and greed. William Faulkner
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2) The bovine influenza H5N1 virus has recently infected some people in the United States. Genetic analysis showed this virus belongs to the H5 clade 2.3.4.4b.
2) The main findings are:
2) Normally, this protease would stay inside the infected cells and help the virus replicate.
2) Influenza virus H5N1 has spread from birds to many mammals, including cows in the US. This is concerning because the virus could potentially spread to humans. 
2)... who develop PASC after infection, are more important than factors like immunity duration. Even if new variants don't increase PASC risk, their ability to spread and replace older variants can still raise PASC levels over time by changing population immunity. 
2) This study found SARS-CoV-2 virus in most organs of people who died with COVID-19, suggesting it can spread and replicate beyond the lungs. Interestingly, the virus was evolving and mutating differently in various organs within the same person. 
2) ...with limited electricity and significant challenges in infrastructure, healthcare, and education. Additionally, the Mobondo militia has engaged in conflicts in the region, contributing to instability and complicating access to certain areas. 
2) ...and induce long-lasting immunity at the site of viral entry. Safe mucosal adjuvants that can stimulate the right T cell responses are also lacking.
2) ...COVID-19 treatment compared to the more extensively studied T cell responses.
2) The study focused on understanding how the internal genomic segments of this virus have adapted to bovine cells. The researchers generated 45 reassortant viruses and found that multiple segments of the B3.13 viruses contribute to their faster replicative fitness ... 
2) The figure 1c shows the levels of key SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins (e.g. nucleocapsid, spike) over the course of infection in the host cells. The Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants had slower initial increases in viral protein levels compared to other variants, but ... 
2) The researchers found thousands of genetic variants that influence gene expression in immune cells, and many of these were specific to COVID-19 patients. They also discovered that the effects of these genetic variants depend on the functional state of the immune cells. 
2) The study found that H5N1 is remarkably stable in raw milk, with a half-life of 2.1 days at 4°C. This means infectious virus could persist for over a month in refrigerated raw milk from infected cows. Even at room temperature (22°C), the half-life was 0.74 days ... 
2) The dominant factors that contributed to the emergence and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in Spain appear to be:
2) This means that for the immune system to react effectively, it needs two things: the ability to recognize harmful substances (antigenicity) and signals that indicate tissue damage (adjuvanticity). 
2) Coronaviruses can exchange genetic material through recombination, but this mainly happens between closely related viruses within the same species. Recombination between distantly related coronaviruses is rare. 
2) The study examined the connections between gut bacteria, immune responses, and physical/mental health symptoms in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. It found that many patients experienced significant physical problems, as well as high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. 
2) This review discusses how various factors in the human body can affect a person's risk and severity of COVID-19. 
2) In this study, they used data from a large German study.
2) This study examined how the antibody response targets different parts of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, depending on a person's prior infection and vaccination history. The researchers created a panel of mutant spike proteins to map the key epitopes ... 
2) Very interesting data/figures