Zach London Profile picture
May 16 7 tweets 3 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
What do inkblots and puppies hugging teach us about the way the long tracts are organized in the spinal cord? Everything.

Behold, our favorite tracts in the cervical cord.

A = fibers to/from the arm
T = fibers to/from the trunk
L = fibers to/from the leg

#tweetorial
1/7 Image
Now let's just look at the arm fibers. For all three tracts, they are right up against the grey matter.

Want a #mnemonic to help you remember that?
2/7 Image
Well, some say the grey matter looks like a butterfly.

You love butterflies, so what do you do when we see one? You hug it.

That's why your arm fibers are right up in there. For butterfly hugs.
3/7 Image
But wait, an actual hug would crush a butterfly, wouldn't it? Good point.

(Had a picture of a squashed butterfly here, but I redacted it because it was too disturbing.)

Imagine instead that the grey matter is a beagle. A proud, noble beagle, who has been a very good boy. 4/7 Image
Now hug that beagle.
5/7 Image
One possible implication of this organization is that external compression of the cord may present with ascending symptoms, as the most lateral fibers are damaged first.

That's why someone with a C-spine lesion may present only with lower extremity symptoms.
6/7 Image
So next the psychologist asks you what you see in this inkblot, just say, "Something that spurs me to activate my medial descending corticospinal fibers as gently as possible so as not to damage the fragile little anterior horns."

And then see what diagnosis they give you!
7/7 Image

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More from @zach_london

Mar 22
Not pointing fingers, but I think some of us are misusing the word "bulbar."

The Bulb is the archaic term for the medulla. So bulbar weakness refers only to muscles supplied by cranial nerves 9-12.

Let's play a game called "Is THIS bulbar weakness?"
1/🧵
Is THIS Bulbar Weakness?

Yes.

(The picture's not upside down... you're upside down.)

A lateral medullary stroke damages the nucleus ambiguus of CN X, leading to dysphagia, dysarthria, and dysphonia.
2/🧵
Is THIS Bulbar Weakness?

Yes!

This bulb is completely exhausted. (It needs to stop resting on its florals.)
3/🧵
Read 7 tweets
Sep 3, 2022
Today's @UMICHNeuroRes Localization Rounds case.

A patient has sudden onset of:
▶️R facial weakness, upper and lower🫤
▶️Impaired adduction of the R eye with spared convergence
▶️R hypertropia that is present in all direction of gaze

Where is the lesion?
#tweetorial
1/
Let’s start with the face.

Upper and lower face = a lesion of the Facial Nerve (CN7.)

CN7 lesions are usually outside the brainstem, right? But remember that this pattern can also be seen with lesions affecting the nucleus or the course of the CN7 in the brainstem.
2/ Image
CN7 starts in the pons. It takes a crazy route backwards and loops around the CN6 nucleus, forming an unsightly lump called the facial colliculus.

(I always tell my pons it is beautiful just the way it is, but is is very self-conscious about this lump.)
3/ Image
Read 9 tweets
Jul 24, 2022
In my first and only basic science research experience, I was complicit in scientific fraud.

There was no fabrication of data, per se. No doctoring of images. It was subtle experimental misconduct, and certainly an anomaly in the scientific community. I assumed.)
1/🧵
I had a 4-week summer research position when I was in college. The project had something to do with Na/K channels in pulmonary epithelial cells.

Honestly, I didn’t really understand it then, so I certainly wouldn’t be able to explain it now.
2/🧵
It was a very small lab. I think I met the PI twice… once on my first day, and once for an exit interview a month later. I remember that he wore a little button on his white coat that said, “Science: Invest in the Quest!”
3/🧵
Read 17 tweets
Apr 8, 2022
If you blow on someone’s foot and the toe goes🆙, that’s the London Sign. Sure, you could use a descriptive name, but I invented the maneuver, so I’m naming it after me. Everyone cool with that?
An irreverent/irrelevant #tweetorial on the rise & fall of neurologic eponyms. 1/
So do you say Guillain-Barre syndrome or AIDP?
Broca’s or expressive aphasia?
Kennedy’s disease or SBMA?
Devic’s disease or NMO?
Wilson’s disease or hepatolenticular degeneration?
2/
By digging around in a few neurology textbooks, one of our @UMICHNeuroRes residents found 68 terms (diseases, maneuvers, and signs) that had both eponyms and corresponding non-eponymous terms.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33271406/
3/
Read 13 tweets
Feb 27, 2022
"What do you see when you're walking HOME from church?"

She was an older woman with a right MCA syndrome, and I will never forget what she said when my attending asked her that question.

Not a full #tweetorial, just some mind-blowing examples of neglect for neuronerds. 1/🧵
She was admitted on Saturday morning, and she was upset when she realized she would miss church. She only lived two blocks from the church, and walked there every Sunday. She hadn't missed a Sunday sermon in decades. 2/🧵
I was a resident at the time, and the attending was chatting with her on rounds. He asked, "What do you see when you walk to church?"
And she answered, describing everything that would have been on the right side of the street if she was walking from home to church. 3/🧵
Read 8 tweets
Feb 11, 2022
1/
We often check SPEP and/or immunofixation in patients with neuropathy. Why bother, and what should I do with the results?
Welcome to Paraproteinemic Neuropathy: A #tweetorial for neurologists who order tests they have no business interpreting.
2/
For starters, let's clear the air about terminology. These are all synonyms:
- Paraproteinemia
- Monoclonal gammopathy
- M-protein
- M component
They all mean identical plasma cells are overproducing identical copies of the same immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragments. From AAN Neurobytes: Paraproteinemia and Neuropathy
3/
Paraproteinemia is common as we age. It's usually benign (MGUS) and asymptomatic, but can be associated with almost ANY neuropathy syndrome.

(PSA: If you do a Google image search for Stocking and Glove looking for neuropathy pics, be prepared to find a bunch of S&M sites.)
Read 11 tweets

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