Adolf and Maria Althoff #Righteous during World War Two 1/n Darmstadt, Germany… Summer 1941 – Adolf Althoff and his wife, Maria, directed the well-known Althoff circus during World War II. The circus, which included
2/n approximately 90 performers, traveled throughout Europe and spent the summer of 1941 near Darmstadt. At one particular show, Irene Danner, a young Jewish acrobat from Darmstadt, was among the visitors. She was a descendant of a German-Jewish circus family. Although Adolf knew
3/n that including a Jew in the circus was prohibited, he offered Irene a position, provided her with a pseudonym and false identity papers, and essentially disguised her Jewish identity for the duration of the war. During her time in the circus, Irene fell in love with another
4/n acrobat, Peter Storm-Bento. When she later became pregnant, Adolf and Maria ensured that she received adequate medical care. On March 20, 1942, deportations from Darmstadt began, followed by additional deportations in September 1942 and February 1943.
Photos: Irene Danner
5/n Though Irene’s grandmother was deported, her mother, Alice, and her sister, Gerda, escaped to the safety of the Althoff circus. The Althoffs agreed to provide refuge for Alice and Gerda as well. Adolf and Maria were fully aware of the dangers associated with hiding Jews.
6/n They knew that the circus could be searched at any moment and that their employees could betray them. Fortunately, Adolf had contacts in nearly every city who usually warned him of pending searches. Despite a few close calls, Irene, Alice, and Gerda all survived the war.
GENA TURGEL
🧵 1/n
was marched into an Auschwitz gas chamber...
and walked out alive.
Later, she tended Anne Frank at Bergen-Belsen.
She even got married there...
Photo: Gena Turgel, 'The Bride of Belsen'
2/n Gena Turgel (née Goldfinger 1923-2018) was 16 when the Nazis bombed her town of Kraków, Poland, in September 1939. Two years later, she, her mother and 4 of her 9 siblings moved to the ghetto, with only a sack of potatoes, flour and a few personal belongings. One brother was
3/n shot by the SS in the ghetto; another was never seen again. A sister and her husband were shot after being caught trying to smuggle food. In the winter of 1944, Gena and her surviving family members were moved from Plaszov to Auschwitz-Birkenau.
On 16 February 1943 Heinrich Himmler gave the order to demolish the Warsaw ghetto. 1/n “For reasons of security I herewith order that the Warsaw ghetto be pulled down after the concentration camp has been moved: all parts of houses that can be used, and other materials of all
2/n kinds, are first to be made use of. The razing of the ghetto and the relocation of the concentration camp are necessary, as otherwise we would probably never establish quiet in Warsaw, and the prevalence of crime cannot be stamped out as long as the ghetto remains.
3/n An overall plan for the razing of the ghetto is to be submitted to me. In any case we must achieve the disappearance from sight of the living-space for 500,000 sub-humans (Untermenschen) that has existed up to now, but could never be suitable for Germans,
Jan Komski: (born 13 February 1915)
Auschwitz through the Eyes of a Polish Inmate 1/n Like many young men in early months of the war, Jan Komski, a Polish Roman Catholic, was arrested on the Poland/Czechoslovakia border attempting to reach the newly formed Polish Army in France.
2/n He was carrying false identity papers under an assumed name of Jan Baras. He was first taken to Tarnow prison and then sent to Auschwitz, arriving there, along with 727 other Polish men, on June 14, 1940. It was the first prisoner transport to arrive in Auschwitz.
"Roundup"
3/n The prisoners were given numbers 31 -758. Mr. Komski was given number 564. These early numbers were not tattooed on prisoners' arms, a lucky thing...
After 2,5 years in Auschwitz, Jan Komski and 3 comrades, Mieczyslaw Januszewski, Boleslaw Kuczbara,
@AuschwitzMuseum 1/n The second mass deportation that left Westerbork for Auschwitz-Birkenau departed on July 16, 1942. Historian Houwink ten Cate claims that the transport was compiled in a hurry, because a transport from France had not departed as planned and Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler
@AuschwitzMuseum 2/n was about to visit the extermination camp on July 17 and 18.
The deportation list list reveals that at least 586 men, women and children were deported from Westerbork to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Whole families were on the transport.
@AuschwitzMuseum 3/n The youngest deportee, Alida Baruch, had just turned six months when she was shipped away. The oldest deportee was born in 1879, which is distinctly above the average age of deportees. Like with the one before, also with this transport many German Jews were deported.
Oswald Bosko, policeman from Vienna.
When the Krakow ghetto was dissolved in 1943, he saved small Jewish children from murder. He hid them in sacks & carried them out of the ghetto. The Nazis found out in 1944 & murdered him. Bosko is named "Righteous Among the Nations" 1/n 🧵
2/n Bouska (called in some sources Bosko) was a police sergeant in a high-ranking position in the unit assigned to the Krakow ghetto. By the time of his deployment he was a fervent Nazi, but when he saw the treatment of the Jews, he was soon disenchanted and became known for his
3/n fair treatment of Jews, and for turning a blind eye when food was smuggled in from outside the ghetto. He even allowed the escape of some Jews who were to be deported. One of Bouska’s friends was Julius Madritsch (recognized as Righteous Among the Nations), manager of a
The story of the Apeldoornsche Bosch 1/n Jewish psychiatric institution 'The Apeldoornsche Bosch' has gone down in history as a location where a terrible war drama took place. On January 22, 2023 it was 80 years since the institution was evacuated by the Germans in World War II.
2/n More than 1300 Jews were taken to Auschwitz, where they were murdered. The Apeldoornsche Bosch was a Jewish psychiatric institution, located on the Zutphensestreet in Apeldoorn from 1909 to 1943. At first it seemed that the Nazis would leave Apeldoornsche Bosch alone.
3/n That is why the institution in Apeldoorn was also called 'Jews' heaven'. On Wednesday, January 20, 1943, the Ordedienst of Camp Westerbork appeared. A freight train with 40 wagons was prepared at Apeldoorn station. Half of the staff fled that night and went into hiding.