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Mar 24

The Bank for International Fascism
by John Hoefle, EIR (2013)

In the aftermath of World War I, fascist movements sprang up all over Europe, and also in the United States. Considerable effort has been spent to portray these fascist movements as outgrowths of rampant nationalism, but that is a deliberate lie. The truth is that fascism is a political movement created and financed by the rentier/financier oligarchs of the Anglo-Dutch Liberal Empire, for the purpose of replacing the nation-state system with a global technocratic dictatorship.

Adam LeBor’s Tower of Basel sheds a useful light on how this process works, by telling the story of the Bank for International Settlements, known more commonly by its acronym, BIS. His book presents a detailed picture of the relationships between the Nazis and top international financiers, and the intelligence agencies. Along the way, we meet the leaders of the Bank of England, the titans of Wall Street, British and American spooks, and other financiers and industrialists, all of whom collectively made Hitler and Mussolini possible, and unleashed horror upon the world.

Some readers may be puzzled why such seemingly respectable institutions and individuals would work so closely with the Hitler regime, and wonder if they were somehow secret Nazis or Nazi sympathizers. But it is actually the inverse that is true. The Nazis were agents of the Empire!

A Bank Above Nations

The BIS was founded in 1930, nominally for the purpose of handling the reparations payments imposed upon Germany after World War I. The founding members of the bank were the central banks of Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Belgium, with Japan and the United States each represented by a consortium of domestic banks. In the U.S., the consortium consisted of three banks: J.P. Morgan & Co., the First National Bank of New York, and the First National Bank of Chicago.

The driving forces behind the founding were Montagu Norman, the Governor of the Bank of England, and Hjalmar Schacht, the head of the German central bank, the Reichsbank. While Schacht liked to refer to the BIS as “my bank,” the Dutch banker Johan Willem Beyen—himself a president of the BIS—put it more clearly: “Norman’s prestige was overwhelming. As the apostle of central bank cooperation, he made the central banker into a kind of archpriest of monetary religion. The BIS was, in fact, his creation.”

Beyen’s quote goes to the deeper motive behind the founding of the BIS, the creation of the bank as a base from which to create a new form of what was euphemistically called “transnational finance.” The archpriests of the Empire were laying the foundation for what became the globalized financial system of today, a system of financier-run corporate cartels and markets which is essentially a rerun of the methods of the British East India Company, combined with modern technology.

Under the treaty which founded the BIS, the bank was granted virtual sovereignty—although under the circumstances, it might be more accurate to say that it was granted immunity from the sovereignty of others. No nation was to have any say over how the bank conducted its affairs, nor would their laws apply. Although the BIS is located in Switzerland, it is exempt from Swiss laws, and Swiss authorities cannot enter its premises without permission.

According to LeBor, “[T]he BIS enjoys similar protections to those granted to the headquarters of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and diplomatic embassies. . . . The BIS has the right to communicate in code and send and receive correspondence in bags covered by the same protection as embassies, meaning they cannot be opened.”

“The bank’s extraordinary legal privileges also extend to its staff and directors,” LeBor writes. “Senior managers enjoy a special status, similar to that of diplomats, while carrying out their duties in Switzerland, which means that their bags (unless there is evidence of a criminal act), and their papers are inviolable. The central bank governors traveling to Basel for the bimonthly meetings enjoy the same status while in Switzerland. All bank officials are immune under Swiss law, for life, for all the acts carried out during the discharge of their duties.”

This protected position was carefully crafted. If your goal were to take control of nations and incorporate them into a new corporatist dictatorship, you would take steps to protect against counterattack by the targets.

An Oligarchic Cabal

As a conduit for war reparations payments, the BIS was explicitly set up to work with Germany, as the Nazis were coming to power. But the Nazis were themselves a tool of the people behind the bank, led by Montagu Norman and the Bank of England, the mother lodge of fascism. The Brits and the Dutch provided financial and political aid to the Nazi Party, as did their allies on Wall Street. The Wall Street crowd, led, as always, by J.P. Morgan, had organized its own fascist movement in the U.S., under the banner of the American Liberty League. The Morgan networks pumped money into Germany and Italy, aided by the Rockefeller interests, the Warburgs’ Kuhn Loeb, the Brown Brothers Harriman crowd, and Prescott Bush, whose son and grandson each became President of the United States.

Having launched this fascist movement, it was to be expected that the bankers would support it—and they did. The BIS served as a conduit to the banking and corporate interests on both sides of the war, The giant German industrial cartel, IG Farben—notorious for providing the Zyklon B gas used in the concentration camps—had a seat on the BIS board. IG Farben’s U.S. subsidiary, General Aniline and Film (GAF), was a major business partner with the Rockefellers’ Standard Oil. Standard Oil President Walter Teagle, Ford Motor Co. President Edsel Ford, National City Bank of New York Chairman Charles Mitchell, and Paul Warburg all sat on GAF’s founding board of directors. Sosthenes Behn, the head of ITT—which had substantial holdings in Germany—also sat on the National City Bank board, National City being a successor to the First National Bank of New York, one of the original BIS shareholders. New York banks led the way in raising money for Germany in the 1920s, as did the City of London. Time put the Morgan-sponsored Il Duce on its cover eight times between 1923 and 1943, presenting Mussolini and his corporatist policies as worthy of emulation in the U.S.

This is just a sample of the interlocking financial and business arrangements. Right in the middle of this nest were the Dulles brothers of the Wall Street law firm Sullivan & Cromwell, which represented a Who’s Who of Wall Street, including J.P. Morgan, Kuhn Loeb, Brown Brothers, the Harriman interests, Goldman Sachs, and GAF. John Foster Dulles was a fixture at the international conferences which established the post-World War I order. His brother Allen Dulles was the OSS station chief in Switzerland during the war, and later became head of the CIA, while John Foster became Secretary of State under President Eisenhower. Their sister, Eleanor Dulles, was also part of the family treason, involved in international diplomacy, and writing a book promoting the BIS.

Foremost among the British banks aiding the Nazis in the City of London was J. Henry Schröder & Co., which set up a trust to invest in German firms, including IG Farben, Siemens, and Deutsche Bank. Schröder partner Frank Tiarks—a director of the Bank of England—set up a subsidiary in New York, Schrobanco, in 1923. Schrobanco was run by a friend of John Foster Dulles, and its board would include not only Allen Dulles, but Gates McGarrah, a director of the New York Fed, a Rockefeller banker, and the first president of the BIS. Another American (and Rockefeller banker), Thomas McKittrick, was president of the BIS when the U.S. entered World War II.

J. Henry Schröder & Co., in turn, was the British arm of the Schröder banking dynasty in Germany, where Kurt Freiherr von Schröder was one of the most powerful and influential bankers, and a staunch Hitler supporter. Von Schröder hosted the infamous meeting between Chancellor Fritz von Papen and Adolf Hitler, which led to Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor of Germany in 1932. Kurt von Schröder was a partner in J.H. Stein in Cologne, which held the slush funds for Heinrich Himmler, the head of the Nazi SS. Schacht personally appointed Schröder to the board of the BIS.

One could go on almost endlessly, but this is sufficient to show how the international bankers see themselves as part of an elite. As LeBor put it: “Nationalities were irrelevant. The overriding loyalty was to international finance.”

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@apocalypseos

Mar 22

Sergey Glazyev: The world has changed. Irreversibly. What we wrote about a decade and a half ago has come to pass. This publication is a continuation of the article “What is happening?” previously published on this channel. 1/84

Pax Americana is crumbling before our eyes, three decades after the collapse of the USSR. The transition to a new global economic order has been completed. 2/84

The center of the world economy has shifted to East and South Asia, where a bipolar core of the integral global economic order has formed, as expected, with two poles: communist China and democratic India. 3/84

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Feb 28

“How British Financial Elites Fueled the Rise of Hitler: The Hidden Geopolitical Agenda Behind Nazi Germany’s Ascent” by Mike Billington (EIR)

Let’s look back to where the original Nazis came from. In the 1920s and 1930s, there was the mobilization of various forces in Germany responding to the hideous impositions placed on Germany after World War I, where they were essentially burdened with massive reparations that destroyed any chance of their economic recovery from the war. This fostered the rise of radical institutions. The head of the Bank of England, Montague Norman, openly sponsored the rise to power of Adolf Hitler. He was a close personal friend of Hjalmar Schacht, Hitler’s economic minister, who became the Reichsminister under Hitler and implemented the Nazi policy of giving all economic power to the banks themselves. This policy diverted credit from anything other than the buildup of military forces to prepare for the onslaught, for Operation Barbarossa, and for what became the Second World War.

They were so close—Montague Norman and Hjalmar Schacht—that Schacht’s children had Montague Norman, the head of the Bank of England, as their godfather. Norman was even passing gold to the Nazis after the war began. So, why did they give rise to the Nazis? Well, you could say a lot of things. You could say they basically agreed with the Malthusian idea that certain lesser races should be exterminated. Maybe they didn’t say it was the Jews; maybe they said it was the Blacks or the Indians. Keep in mind, the British believed emphatically, publicly, and openly in eugenics and race science—that there were lesser races and superior races—and guess who the superior race was. So, maybe that was why. But in geopolitical terms, they were anxious to see Germany and Russia destroy each other. This was the geopolitics of Mackinder and Haushofer and the people who knew that you did not want to allow any force in the East or West to control the heartland, so that the British Empire—which was based on the financial institutions controlling world trade and finances—could continue their looting and genocidal policies against the colonies around the world. So, they supported Hitler and put him in power.

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Feb 24

🇩🇪 Friedrich Merz, BlackRock’s candidate for German Chancellor, has won. Merz was the long-time lawyer for American locust investors in Germany, and is fully committed to neoliberal financial policy to destroy nation-states and sovereign credit systems.

“BlackRock’s Candidate for German Chancellor, Friedrich Merz” by Helga Zepp-LaRouche and Dr. Werner Rügemer

Helga Zepp-LaRouche: Yes, good evening. I wholeheartedly welcome you to the Civil Rights Movement Solidarity weekly webcast. And I am particularly pleased to have a very special guest today, namely Dr. Werner Rügemer, who is a very renowned author and has written many books, all of which are extremely interesting.

He is currently in the process of publishing a new book, which deals with a very current topic. And I am particularly pleased that we are speaking today, because as of a few hours ago, or yes, much more recently, there was a vote in the Bundestag on a proposed law by Friedrich Merz, which he introduced on behalf of the CDU-CSU [Christian Democratic Union–Christian Social Union], to change the asylum law.

It went through with a very narrow majority, with the support of the AfD [Alternative for Germany]. There was a lot of commotion beforehand that this was a breach of the dyke and that the firewall between the establishment parties and the AfD had now been torn down.

In any case, there is a possibility that Friedrich Merz, leader of the Christian Democratic Union, will become the next Federal Chancellor. Against this backdrop it is perhaps very important to consider what implications this has.

We have an incredibly dramatic world situation. United States President Donald Trump has only been in office for nine days and has already caused a lot of commotion: Panama, Canada, Greenland—I could go on and on. The situation in the Middle East: At first there was hope that the ceasefire might bring about an improvement. But now he wants to resettle all the Palestinians to Egypt, Jordan and even Indonesia. So, we have a lot of topics to discuss, and that’s why my very first question is: we are four weeks or a little more than three weeks away from the Bundestag election on February 23. What should voters know about what they will face if they give their vote to Mr. Merz?

Dr. Werner Rügemer: With his even more direct turn to the right toward the AfD, Merz has done what his former boss at BlackRock, Lawrence Fink, did before the election in the U.S.A. He also supported the Democratic Party for a long time. BlackRock grew up with the Democratic Party. But even before the election, BlackRock CEO Fink said, we don’t care who wins the election; we are in talks with both candidates. And then it turned out that BlackRock advised Trump on his choice of Treasury Secretary….

Zepp-LaRouche: Before we look at the different regions of the world, it would perhaps be good for our viewers if you explained what BlackRock is. People think that it’s just one of many multinationals, but that’s not exactly the case. Since you’re probably the best expert on the subject in Germany, can you give a brief outline of why BlackRock is such a problem?

The Rise of BlackRock in Germany

Dr. Rügemer: BlackRock has been the largest of these multinationals since the 1990s due to the deregulation that began under U.S. President William Clinton. These new up-and-comers, with today’s BlackRock as the largest, became bigger and initially spread out across the U.S.A. After the turn of the millennium, and particularly after the financial crisis, they gradually established themselves in Europe: in France, Switzerland, England, and also in Germany.

In Germany, these multinationals are the majority shareholders in the most important, let’s say 100 German stock corporations, each with a three, four, five, six, seven, eight percent share in these corporations. So, as a group, BlackRock, along with Vanguard and State Street and Fidelity and Wellington, in different compositions, have a majority stake in about all 40 DAX [German blue-chip index on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange—ed.] companies in Germany. In this capacity, they have contributed to the deindustrialization in Germany that has been going on for years, with large German corporations relocating jobs to China, the U.S.A., or even partly to Eastern Europe, because this outsourcing, naturally, increases the profits for BlackRock and company [i.e., the other multinationals].

Zepp-LaRouche: What would you say to a normal, medium-sized business owner in Germany who says, “but it’s good to have someone like Merz, who at least knows what he’s talking about, who is well connected, so that’s good for medium-sized businesses”? What would you say in response to that?

Dr. Rügemer: Merz in particular was bad for owners of medium-sized companies in Germany, extremely so, because he had resigned from his position as parliamentary group leader of the CDU in the German Bundestag in 2004, and then became the co-owner of an American business law firm, Mayer Brown, in their branch in Düsseldorf. And that was important because at the turn of the millennium … came the so-called, later so-called locust investors, private equity investors from the U.S.A. They bought up the non-stock listed companies, i.e. the good German medium-sized companies, restructured them, as you called it, i.e., closed down the unused parts, resold them and so on.

This law firm, in which Merz not only worked as a lawyer but also as a co-owner, advised these locust investors on how they could best buy and exploit German medium-sized companies. And, of course, Merz was a very suitable choice because, as a CDU politician, he knew best the medium-sized companies that constituted the backbone of the CDU for decades.

Zepp-LaRouche: Can you describe that? BlackRock, for example, has also acquired a large share in the large housing companies. What effect has this restructuring or takeover had on the housing sector?

Dr. Rügemer: It was the case that, as I said, from the turn of the millennium onwards, it was initially not BlackRock and company who came along, but rather the second league, so to speak, the private equity investors, i.e., Blackstone and KKR and Carlyle and so on. They started by buying up the medium-sized companies, including tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of apartments, public apartments in individual cities, and also from companies, from large corporations in the Ruhr area, that also had their own housing companies.

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Feb 17

Lyndon LaRouche (2002): There is a faction that has existed for a long time. It was started by H.G. Wells and Bertrand Russell back in the 1920s and 1930s. It’s a very powerful, very influential faction in international circles, especially English-speaking circles.

This faction, which we call the utopians, believed from the beginning that the existence of thermonuclear weapons—or nuclear weapons alone—would create weapons so terrible that nations would give up their sovereignty and submit to a world government rather than face the prospect of having to fight wars with such weapons.

This faction, which took over control of U.S. military policy once Eisenhower ended his term as president, caused a great crisis around the world between 1961 and 1965—assassinations, high-level coups, and other terrible events.

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Feb 4

Elena Panina: Trump’s “Mighty Dollar” and “Great Economy” Need Crutches and Protection 🧵

In another emotional post, the US President voiced his complaints about BRICS, concerns about the fate of the dollar, and threats to those who try to abandon it.

Since Trump managed to include Spain in BRICS earlier, the number of addressees of his threats remains uncertain. As for the rest, the “mighty” dollar, it turns out, is not so mighty, since it has to be strengthened by blackmail and banal racketeering. As is the US economy.

▪️ However, as far as we know, BRICS did not particularly plan to create its own currency, so in this part, Trump is fighting with thin air. However, if the opportunity arises, the White House can now declare that BRICS does not have a single currency precisely because it is afraid of Trump.

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