Dallas, TX - On March 10, 1910, Allen Brooks was lynched while awaiting court proceedings. He was accused of raping Mary Beuvens, a young White toddler in late February 1910. He proclaimed his innocence as there was no proof (cont)
he committed a crime. Brooks was taken to jail and formally indicted a day later. He was moved to several jails outside the city limits due to concerns for his safety. He was returned to the Dallas courthouse where a mob of hundreds gathered. (cont)
After easily penetrating a human pillar of more than 100 law enforcers, the mob pushed its way through, demolishing doors to overrun the courthouse. A frenzied search for Brooks led to a jury room, where he was discovered hunkered down in a corner. A rope was tied around (cont)
his neck and he was pulled from the outside through a second story window. One report described Brooks as fighting “like a tiger” before being pulled through a window onto the street below. He landed headfirst and was beaten and stomped(cont)
until his face was a bloodied pulp. There was no justice meted by a judge or jury that day; only mob vengeance. He was dragged by automobile to the corner of Main and Akard where was hanged from a telephone poll near the giant arch; his body became a spectacle for (cont)
entertainment. By the time Dallas's undertaker arrived at the scene, he found that Brooks' body had been reduced to a "shapeless mass of flesh," with his undershirt and flannel—the only clothes still on his body—in tatters. The mob had torn pieces of his clothing off for (cont)
souvenirs. Out of this lynching, the ultimate souvenir is the postcards that were mass produced.
One such postcard included written commentary on the back: "This is a token of a great day we had in Dallas, March 3, a negro was hung for an assault on a three year old girl."(cont)
No one was held accountable for Brooks' death; not even the law enforcement officers who did not use their weapons to protect him.
The site of his lynching remained unmarked for more than century until 2021.
Born a slave, Smith obtained his freedom in 1827, thanks to the Emancipation Act of the State of New York. He was also a prolific writer who made significant contributions to the abolitionist movement and the field of medicine. He was also the (cont)
first Black pharmacist in the U.S. He practiced medicine and ran his pharmacy in New York City. He used his position to advocate for the health of Black Americans and to call for an end to discriminatory medical practices. In addition to his long storied career, Smith (cont)
🧵On Mar. 19, 1969, hundreds of Black Medical College Hospital of South Carolina employees (mostly women) went on stike. The main reason was unequal pay and racial discrimination. (cont)
Two days earlier, twelve Black employees met with hospital president William McCord to discuss their grievances. They briefly took over the McCord's office in protest. The twelve workers were accused of leaving their patients unattended and were terminated that day. (cont)
The hospital's decision to fire the twelve employees was unlawful, as they were on their lunch break when they met with McCord; and their patients were already cared for by other employees.
The Black people who took part in the exodus were driven in part by a wave of White violence and economic exploitation. They moved west and mostly resettled in Arkansas. The movement was also encouraged by people like Benjamin "Pap" Singleton (below) who believed that (cont)
Southern Blacks could enjoy a better life by moving to the Midwest. It is also believed that some Whites also encouraged the exodus in a bid to reduce South Carolina’s Black population, which was a majority in the state in the 1870s and 1880s. (cont)
🧵In late May of 1887, a gang of White horse thieves murdered up to 34 Chinese miners in what would become known as the Hells Canyon or Snake River Massacre. It was one of the most brutal(cont)
attacks on Chinese people in U.S. history. In late 1886, a group of Chinese men arrived in Oregon's Hells Canyon and began mining for gold along Snake River. They were employed by the Sam Yup Company located in San Francisco. The men set up camp (cont)
at Deep Creek. The following year, on May 27-28, 1887, a gang of White men from Wallowa County ambushed the miners. The gang consisted of Bruce Evans, J.T. Canfield, C.O. LaRue, Frank Vaughn (below left, holding a dog), Carl Hughes, Hiram Maynard and Robert McMillan, a (cont)
🧵Eleven years before Claudette Colvin & Rosa Parks, there was a badass woman named Irene Morgan. She was the first Black woman in to refuse to give up her seat on a bus in 1944. (cont)
On July 16, 1944, Morgan purchased a "colored" ticket for a Virginia-bound Greyhound bus from Maryland. She took a seat next to another Black woman on the back of the bus. Within 45 minutes into the trip, a White couple boarded the bus. The driver (cont)
told Morgan and the other woman that they had to give up their seats. Morgan refused, so the driver drove to the next town to have her arrested. A White officer boarded and presented her with an arrest warrant. She tore up the warrant in his face (cont)
🧵In what was called "The Great Experiment", the all-Black 25th Infantry Regiment Bicycle Corps rode 1,900 miles across the west from Ft. Missoula, MT to St. Louis, MO in 1897. (cont)
They were nicknamed the "Iron Riders", as they were the first and only bicycle military unit in American history. Three White men were also part of the grueling expedition: 2nd Lt. James Moss, the 25th Infantry's commanding officer; Dr. James (cont)
Kennedy, an Army physician, and Edward Boos, a young newspaper reporter. On June 14, 1897, the journey began. The route for the experiment closely followed the Northern Pacific and Burlington railroads through Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Missouri, and was (cont)