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🧵 In 1964, the Civil Rights Act became law, but the fight for civil rights continued. It gave birth to radical groups that included White people.
Enter the White Panthers.(cont)
#ProudBlue
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy
#Voices4Victory
allthatsinteresting.com/white-panther-… The White Panther Party was a radical political organization founded in 1968 in Detroit, Michigan. It emerged as a response to the civil rights movement and the activities of the Black Panther Party, aiming to address issues of racial injustice and promote social change (cont)

🧵 How many times have you heard "Blacks are 13% of the population and commit 50% of violent crime"?

Well, racists have been using the UCR wrong for their tired narrative. Let's set the record straight.

Pull up a 🪑

#ProudBlue
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy
#Voices4Victory The FBI crime statistics primarily tally arrests, not convictions. The data collected and reported in the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program includes information on the number of arrests made for various offenses, categorized by type of crime, demographic information (cont)

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🧵 The refusal of Jewish refugees by the United States primarily occurred during the 1930s and 1940s, particularly in the context of the Holocaust. Several key events and policies contributed to (cont)

#ProudBlue
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy
#Voices4Victory this refusal:

•The U.S. had strict immigration quotas established by the Immigration Act of 1924, which limited the number of immigrants from certain countries, particularly those in Eastern and Southern Europe where many Jewish refugees were fleeing from. These quotas (cont)

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🧵 Did you know there was never anything in writing that segregated professional baseball?

There was a "gentleman's agreement"; and it began with racist Hall of Famer Cap Anson.

Pull up a seat.(cont)

#ProudBlue
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy
#Voices4Victory Many point the finger at Chicago White Stockings (the modern day Cubs) star Cap Anson for leading the charge to exclude Black ballplayers. The story is, Anson refused to take the field in an exhibition game against the Toledo Blue Stockings because they had a Black (cont)

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🧵Today, racists would label him a DEI hire despite his vast education and skillset.

Meet James McCune Smith, the first Black American to practice medicine in the United States. (cont)

#ProudBlue
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy

blackpast.org/african-americ… Born a slave, Smith obtained his freedom in 1827, thanks to the Emancipation Act of the State of New York. He was also a prolific writer who made significant contributions to the abolitionist movement and the field of medicine. He was also the (cont)

smithsonianmag.com/history/james-…

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🧵On Mar. 19, 1969, hundreds of Black Medical College Hospital of South Carolina employees (mostly women) went on stike. The main reason was unequal pay and racial discrimination. (cont)

#ProudBlue
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy

blackpast.org/african-americ… Two days earlier, twelve Black employees met with hospital president William McCord to discuss their grievances. They briefly took over the McCord's office in protest. The twelve workers were accused of leaving their patients unattended and were terminated that day. (cont)

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🧵 On Dec. 24th, 1881, more than 5,000 Black people left a South Carolina town of in one of the largest post-Civil War migrations in US history.

This was the Edgefield Exodus of 1881. (cont)

#ProudBlue
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy
blackthen.com/december-24-ov… The Black people who took part in the exodus were driven in part by a wave of White violence and economic exploitation. They moved west and mostly resettled in Arkansas. The movement was also en­couraged by people like Benjamin "Pap" Singleton (below) who believed that (cont)

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🧵In late May of 1887, a gang of White horse thieves murdered up to 34 Chinese miners in what would become known as the Hells Canyon or Snake River Massacre. It was one of the most brutal(cont)

#ProudBlue
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy
history.com/topics/aapi/he… attacks on Chinese people in U.S. history. In late 1886, a group of Chinese men arrived in Oregon's Hells Canyon and began mining for gold along Snake River. They were employed by the Sam Yup Company located in San Francisco. The men set up camp (cont)

zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/mass…

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🧵Eleven years before Claudette Colvin & Rosa Parks, there was a badass woman named Irene Morgan. She was the first Black woman in to refuse to give up her seat on a bus in 1944. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeHistory
#USDemocracy

blackpast.org/african-americ… On July 16, 1944, Morgan purchased a "colored" ticket for a Virginia-bound Greyhound bus from Maryland. She took a seat next to another Black woman on the back of the bus. Within 45 minutes into the trip, a White couple boarded the bus. The driver (cont)

theblacklibrary.org/stories/black-…

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🧵In what was called "The Great Experiment", the all-Black 25th Infantry Regiment Bicycle Corps rode 1,900 miles across the west from Ft. Missoula, MT to St. Louis, MO in 1897. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeHistory
#USDemocracy
smithsonianmag.com/history/the-bl… They were nicknamed the "Iron Riders", as they were the first and only bicycle military unit in American history. Three White men were also part of the grueling expedition: 2nd Lt. James Moss, the 25th Infantry's commanding officer; Dr. James (cont)

nps.gov/articles/000/t…

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🧵The sexual abuse of Black male slaves is a subject most of you never heard of. "Buck breaking" started from ships and continued on plantations.

The following scenarios are disturbing.
#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeHistory
#USDemocracy
samepassage.org/how-african-ma… Slaves would first be stripped naked and whipped in the presence of a crowd, and after that, raped by the slave owners or merchants as a warning to other slaves.

This practice was a tool used by slavers to emasculate Black men and assert dominance(cont)

talkafricana.com/buck-breaking-…

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🧵On Feb. 26, 1931, the INS under the orders of Herbert Hoover deported up to 1.8 million people to Mexico. An investigation in 2004 revealed 60% were U.S. citizens.

True story. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeHistory
#USDemocracy

history.com/news/the-bruta… On that day, INS agents and other local agencies descended on La Placita Park in Los Angeles, CA. Entrances were blocked to prevent anyone from leaving.

More than 400 terrified men and women were forced into waiting vans, away from their familes, (cont)

history.com/news/great-dep…

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🧵The Great Depression was a rough time for everyone, but no ethnic group was affected more than Black people.

They were the last hired and first fired. Of course.

It was Jim Crow.

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeHistory
#USDemocracy

history.com/news/last-hire… By 1932, approximately half of Black Americans were out of work. As expected, White people called for Black people to be fired from any jobs as long as there were White people out of work.

This took place everywhere, including Northern cities. (cont)

loc.gov/classroom-mate…

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🧵He was one of the most successful and influential Black men in Mississippi that you never heard of. Vernon Dahmer, a farmer, was murdered by the KKK for his civil rights activism. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeHistory
#USDemocracy
blackpast.org/african-americ… Dahmer was a businessman, entrepreneur and NAACP leader who had dedicated his life to voting rights. A devoted husband and father, he was well respected in his community by Blacks and Whites alike. He was one of the key speakers at Hattiesburg (cont)

splcenter.org/vernon-dahmer

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🧵On May 2, 1964, Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore were killed by Mississippi Klansmen who believed the two were part of a plot to arm Black people in the area. Of course, there was no such plot. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeHistory
#USDemocracy It is likely their whereabouts would have been unknown to this day if not for the massive search for the missing civil rights workers Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner (below). The bodies of Dee & Moore were found on July 12, 1964, the twenty-first day (cont)

zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/miss…

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🧵Slave insurance was one of the earliest forms of industrial risk management, providing an important source of revenue for some of today’s largest multinational insurance companies.(cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeHistory
#USDemocracy

wunc.org/race-demograph…
Previously, I touched on how insurance companies used scientific racism to refuse granting policies to free Black Americans, citing that their mortality rate was high. In many instances, free Black people were still doing the same dangerous work they were doing as slaves.(cont)

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🧵In post-slavery America, insurance companies used scientific racism to discriminate against Black people.

True story!

Many of those insurance companies still exist today. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeHistory
#USDemocracy

daily.jstor.org/how-insurance-… Prudential announced in 1881 that insurance policies held by Black adults would be worth one-third less than the same plans held by White adults. No individual contributed more to the myth of Black degeneracy and decline than Frederick L. Hoffman, (below) chief statistician(cont)

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🧵An integrated hotel during Jim Crow?

No way!😲

Three White men did just that. In 1955, The Moulin Rouge Hotel opened and was the first integrated hotel/casino in the U.S. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#USDemocracy

lasvegasnevada.gov/News/Blog/Deta…
The hotel was the brainchild of developer Will Max Schwartz with the support of investors Alexander Bisno and Louis Rubin. They even brought boxer Joe Louis aboard as a "partner"; however his role was limited to greeting hotel patrons.
The hotel was(cont)
vegas411.com/features-edito…

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🧵 When Black people were not allowed in amusement parks, they built their own.

Joyland Park, the first Black owned and operated amusement park opened to the public in 1923. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#USDemocracy

blackthen.com/joyland-park-f… Established in Chicago, Joyland Park was founded by Chicago attorney Augustus L. Williams, Virgil Williams, editor Robert S. Abbott, and Broad Ax newspaper editor Julius Taylor. It was their way of providing the Black community of Bronzeville a place of their own since (cont)

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🧵He was called "The Believer". Arthur Madison, an attorney, sacrificed his career to help Black people register to vote in Alabama.

He is an unsung hero most never heard of. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#USDemocracy

montgomeryadvertiser.com/in-depth/news/… Madison, who practiced law in New York; saw the need to return to Alabama, the place of his birth to spearhead a voter registration drive. In 1944, he filed a lawsuit against the local Board of Registrars on behalf of family members who wanted to vote. He was arrested (cont)

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🧵They have spread race propaganda under the guise of science since 1937. The Pioneer Group continue to promote false narratives of racial inferiority among non-white groups. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#USDemocracy

splcenter.org/fighting-hate/… In 1937, Wickliffe Draper (below) founded the Pioneer Fund "to advance the scientific study of heredity and human differences."

However, Draper told a geneticist that he "wished to prove simply that Negroes were inferior." (cont)

spartacus-educational.com/JFKdraperW.htm