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🧵 When Black people were not allowed in amusement parks, they built their own.

Joyland Park, the first Black owned and operated amusement park opened to the public in 1923. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#USDemocracy

blackthen.com/joyland-park-f… Established in Chicago, Joyland Park was founded by Chicago attorney Augustus L. Williams, Virgil Williams, editor Robert S. Abbott, and Broad Ax newspaper editor Julius Taylor. It was their way of providing the Black community of Bronzeville a place of their own since (cont)

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🧵He was called "The Believer". Arthur Madison, an attorney, sacrificed his career to help Black people register to vote in Alabama.

He is an unsung hero most never heard of. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#USDemocracy

montgomeryadvertiser.com/in-depth/news/… Madison, who practiced law in New York; saw the need to return to Alabama, the place of his birth to spearhead a voter registration drive. In 1944, he filed a lawsuit against the local Board of Registrars on behalf of family members who wanted to vote. He was arrested (cont)

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🧵They have spread race propaganda under the guise of science since 1937. The Pioneer Group continue to promote false narratives of racial inferiority among non-white groups. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#USDemocracy

splcenter.org/fighting-hate/… In 1937, Wickliffe Draper (below) founded the Pioneer Fund "to advance the scientific study of heredity and human differences."

However, Draper told a geneticist that he "wished to prove simply that Negroes were inferior." (cont)

spartacus-educational.com/JFKdraperW.htm

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🧵This is Celia. She was a young slave who was owned by Robert Newsom; who sexually abused her since the age of 14. At the age of 19, she killed him in self defense and was put on trial in 1855. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#USDemocracy Little is know of Celia's background other than she was purchased by Newsome in Audrain County, Missouri at the age of 14. On the way back to his farm in Callaway County, he raped her. He housed her in a cabin similar to the one below; keeping her (cont)

famous-trials.com/celia/180-home

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🧵 She created the gas home heating system that was a precursor to the system many people use today. Her name is Alice H. Parker, a Black woman.

Oh, by the way, that's not her photo.

"Say what?"

We'll get into that a bit later.(cont)
blackpast.org/african-americ… Parker was born in 1895 Morristown, New Jersey. She attended Howard University Academy, located and was granted a certificate with honors in 1910. She designed an indoor heating system using natural gas that she called a heating furnace. Her (cont)

blackdoctor.org/meet-inventor-…

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You probably think that this is just an old photo of little White girl. It's actually a propaganda photo that sparked the abolitionist movement.

This is Mary Mildred Williams; and she's Black. (cont)

#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy Williams was the second child of Seth Botts and his wife Elizabeth, who were also enslaved. Elizabeth’s father was her white enslaver, Thomas Nelson. When a decades-long court battle resulted in her family's freedom in 1855, the seven-year-old (cont)

face2faceafrica.com/article/how-th…

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🧵In the 18th & 19th centuries, the practice of "resurrection" was commonplace. What's "resurrection"?

It was the practice of stealing Black cadavers for medical studies. (cont)

#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy

face2faceafrica.com/article/how-u-… Black burial grounds were targeted due to being isolated with poor security.

Medical schools used the bodies for dissection. To be clear; the bodies of the Indigenous and other marginalized groups were pilfered as well. The bodies of deceased (cont)

daily.jstor.org/grave-robbing-…

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🧵It was his death that sparked the 1965 Selma to Montgomery march that became known as "Bloody Sunday"; but many of you never heard of him.

His name: Jimmy Lee Jackson. (cont)

#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy

splcenter.org/jimmie-lee-jac…
Jackson, born in Marion, AL in 1938 was inspired to join the civil rights movement when he witnessed his 80 grandfather rudely turned away when attempting to register to vote. He actively participated in civil rights mass meetings, joined boycotts (cont)

themarshallproject.org/2015/02/27/the…

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🧵The man pictured below is plantation owner John S. Williams. In a rare outcome in Jim Crow Georgia, he was put on trial in 1921 and found guilty of the murder of 11 Black men.(cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#USDemocracy encyclopedia.com/law/law-magazi…
To get a understanding as to how this all unfolded; we have to go back to the end of slavery and implementation the Black Codes. Freed Blacks were arrested for simply being unemployed & homeless. They were placed in jail and fined; which many could (cont)

law.jrank.org/pages/2818/Joh…

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🧵 Lena Baker was the first and only woman in the State of Georgia sentenced to die by electrocution. She was convicted of murder in 1944 by an all white jury. The trial lasted(cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#USDemocracy

georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/histo…
one day. Who didn't expect that? This was the Jim Crow south, and of course, no all-white male jury was going to believe a Black maid's argument of self-defense.

Baker was hired by Ernest B. Knight, a local gristmill owner, hired her to care (cont)

face2faceafrica.com/article/im-rea…

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The story of Recy Taylor is proof positive is one of the best examples of judicial inequality in American history. Why?

She was raped by 7 white men on September 3, 1944 in Alabama. They were never held accountable for it. (cont)

biography.com/activists/recy… Taylor and two friends were on their way from church that day, but they were stopped by these men who brandished guns and knives by the men in their car who were following them. One of the men ordered Taylor and her friends to stop walking. When they did not stop, the man (cont)

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🧵In one of the worst cases of exploitation in history, brothers George and Willie Muse were kidnapped from their family's tobacco farm and forced to become circus freaks. (cont)

#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy

vice.com/en/article/zn8…
Born with albinism, the two boys were lured away around 1899 with candy by James Shelton, who billed them as “Eko and Iko, the Ambassadors from Mars.”

They were missing for years, but were reunited with their mother in 1927 when the circus (cont)

allthatsinteresting.com/george-and-wil…

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🧵Georgia Ann Robinson was not only the first Black LAPD officer, she was one of the first Black policewomen to be hired in the U.S. Her career began in 1916 when she joined (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy
#ProudWokeWorldHistory

blackpast.org/african-americ… the LAPD as a volunteer jail matron. In 1919, she was appointed as an officer. Her assignments included working with juveniles and homicide cases. In her duties while interacting with Black women, she found the need for a women's shelter in Los (cont)

barclaycollege.edu/blog/first-afr…

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🧵Chain gangs was a post-slavery system that replaced convict leasing. Not only it exploited Black labor; the conditions Black people were subjected to were way worse than you (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#USDemocracy

theconversation.com/exploiting-bla… could imagine. As many as 200,000 Black people were forced into back-breaking labor in coal mines, turpentine factories and lumber camps. They lived in squalid conditions, chained, starved, beaten, flogged and sexually violated. They died by the thousands from injury, (cont)

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🧵So you're White and live in the suburbs. The racial make up of your neighborhood reflects your own. Did you grow up there; or, did you move there voluntarily? If the latter, why?(cont)

#ProudWokeHistory
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy

untappedcities.com/2020/07/31/the… Before you answer that, let's be clear on one thing: America has a history of racial segregation that existed since it's birth. Post slavery, segregation was a way of life. The Black Codes and Jim Crow made sure of that. We no longer live under those conditions, but let's (cont)

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🧵Black Emancipation! They didn't see it coming! 😱White women who depended on slaves for domestic work had a choice:

Pay your former slaves, or do it yourself. But, there was (cont)
#ProudWokeWorldHistory
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy

slate.com/human-interest… always a "workaround". In the 1908 Act to Create of System of Parole codified the gendered logic of slavery into an incarceration framework designed to replace the convict leasing system. The state of Georgia forced paroled Black women to do (cont)

blackfeminisms.com/chain-gangs/

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🧵Puerto Rico has been a US commonwealth since 1898. I would be remiss not to mention that the island had a history of slavery that lasted longer than slavery in America. (cont)

#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy
#ProudWokeWorldHistory

nypl.org/blog/2023/09/1… In 1493, on his second voyage for the Spanish Empire, Christopher Columbus invaded the Caribbean island. Puerto Rico fell to colonial rule following a war against the Taínos, the island’s indigenous population. Spain also participated in the slave trade, using enslaved (cont)

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🧵You thought you knew all there was to know about slavery, right? Once the layers of lies are peeled away, the truth is revealed.

Enslaved Black people were forced to breed like (cont)

#ProudWokeHistory
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy

talkafricana.com/slave-breeding… animals. The practice of forced breeding in the antebellum south began around 1808, which was when the import of slaves from Africa and the West Indies came to an end. Young Black girls as young as 13 were often paired up with young boys or even (cont)

blackthen.com/sxual-activity…

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🧵The name of the game was "Hit The N****r Baby" or the "African Dodger". This was a racist carnival game in which baseballs, eggs, and even rocks were thrown at the heads of Black(cont)

#ProudWokeHistory
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy
talkafricana.com/hit-the-nigger… people. Mark my words, friends; there will be ignorant people who will jump on this thread and say: "Well, no one forced them. They volunteered." Those same people will overlook that fact that the Black people who participated in this dehuminizing game were destitute. (cont)

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🧵Yesterday, we discussed "Mandingo Fighting" or "Battle Royal(s)" where Black male slaves were forced to fight one another for their slave owners' entertainment and profit.

This included very young boys.(cont)
#ProudWokeHistory
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy After slavery ended, "Negro Battle Royals" continued throughout the Jim Crow era.

The exploitation of young Black boys was humiliating & dehumanizing. White men would often target Black children going to carnivals with their friends, who'd be forced to fight against each (cont)

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Did you know that enslaved Black men were forced by their masters to fight each other for profit & entertainment? Yes, "Mandingo Fights" or "Battle Royale(s)" actually happened. (cont)

#ProudWokeHistory
#ResistanceRoots
#USDemocracy

face2faceafrica.com/article/how-en… In this cruel practice, slaves would beat one another nearly to death in bare-knuckled brawls. This was a very lucrative endeavor for slave owners; who put their slaves up against those from other plantations. This was depicted in the fictional (cont)

historybanter.com/did-mandingo-f…