there's a threshold that's 0.67 SDs (10 points) above the higher-performing of two groups with equal variances who are separated by 0.97 d.
With simulated group sizes of one million persons each, the mean differences decline, and the SDs do too. The new gap is 0.412 d.
But we know that the 0.97 d gap is an underestimate due to range restriction.
Using MBE scores, it looks like the unrestricted gap should be more like 1.22 d. That leaves us with a 0.537 d gap above the threshold.
Do we have subsequent performance measures?
Yes! We have three:
- Complaints made against attorneys
- Probations
- Disbarments
For men, the gaps, in order, are 0.576, 0.513, and 0.564 d. For women, the gaps are 0.576, 0.286, and 0.286 d.
Men fit expectations and women apparently needed less discipline.
These gaps probably replicate nationally.
For example, here are Texas pass rates from 2004 - a 0.961 d Black-White first-pass gap. The 2006 update to these figures raised the gap to 0.969 d.
Those figures are basically in line with LSAC's national study of Bar exam pass rates.
And those are basically in line with New York's gaps.
And this should probably be expected, since tests measure the same things.
Since all of the people included in these statistics went to ABA-accredited schools, they all had the opportunity to learn what was required to perform well on these tests.
But just like the Step examinations for medical doctors, the gaps on the tests and in real life remain.
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This post got 50,000 likes and it never even pointed out the actual issue with the calculations, it just took issue with framing and it expressed that Kareem is too inept to find sources.
But what's new?
Kareem debunking thread below
Kareem says this is a "textbook example of how to lie with statistics."
It really isn't, but let's see what he bases this on.
The first thing he says -- his "main criticism" -- is that the data isn't provided. But for Kareem, this is completely meaningless.
We know this is meaningless, because even when all the data is presented, Kareem still doesn't do anything with it, understand it, open it, manipulate it, or anything.
He says "where's the data?" and when he gets it, he just blocks you.
A major problem with the healthcare system is that patients lie to their doctor.
Most patients will even privately admit that they lied when they were informing their doctors about their issues. Their reasons for doing this often aren't very good:
Patients want to avoid getting lectured, they don't want their doctor to call them fat or tell them their snacking habits are unhealthy. They're afraid the doctor will judge them or think they're stupid or immoral, and they don't want the doctor to tell their family.
But because people want to preserve their privacy even in the private setting of a doctor's office, they end up making doctors' jobs harder.
They make it harder to diagnose conditions and to prescribe the right drugs.
Napoleon was the best-performing general in European history, and it's not even close.
His Wins Above Replacement (WAR) simply dwarfed everyone else, including Caesar.
You know who underperformed?
Robert E. Lee!
Gray reputation, poor realized performance. He faced a lot of disadvantages, but it's clear he also made a lot of bad choices, like ordering Picketts' Charge.
The Home Office rape gang report cited several studies that reported the ethnicities of rape gang members and it concluded that there wasn't reliable evidence of Asian overrepresentation.
But every study providing data showed there definitely was🧵
Have you noticed that people seem younger at the same ages? 40 is the new 30, 30 is the new 25, and so on?
There's something to it. People nowadays are aging more gracefully, and what makes this more interesting is that it's a global phenomenon.
Let's talk five "capacities"🧵
Psychological capacity is indexed by self-reports: How do you feel, how are you sleeping, etc.
Locomotor capacity is indexed by measured walking speeds, the classic chair stand test, etc.
Vitality capacity is indexed by grip strength, forced expiratory volumes, and hemoglobin A
In a large British longitudinal study of people born from the 1920s through the 1950s and measured again at various ages, what we see in terms of these measures is that people are clocking in higher, and they're aging more gracefully.
8/10 millionaires didn't receive an inheritance and only 3% of millionaires received more than a $1 million inheritance.
Millionaires generally made their own money.
Their top careers also generally aren't business founders.
They're engineers, accountants, even teachers. Less than a third (31%) even managed to average a $100,000 income over the course of their careers and a third never made six figures in any year they worked.
How did they become millionaires?
Overwhelmingly by just investing and waiting. 80% of them invested in their company's 401(k) plans and 75% of them also invested outside of those plans.