there's a threshold that's 0.67 SDs (10 points) above the higher-performing of two groups with equal variances who are separated by 0.97 d.
With simulated group sizes of one million persons each, the mean differences decline, and the SDs do too. The new gap is 0.412 d.
But we know that the 0.97 d gap is an underestimate due to range restriction.
Using MBE scores, it looks like the unrestricted gap should be more like 1.22 d. That leaves us with a 0.537 d gap above the threshold.
Do we have subsequent performance measures?
Yes! We have three:
- Complaints made against attorneys
- Probations
- Disbarments
For men, the gaps, in order, are 0.576, 0.513, and 0.564 d. For women, the gaps are 0.576, 0.286, and 0.286 d.
Men fit expectations and women apparently needed less discipline.
These gaps probably replicate nationally.
For example, here are Texas pass rates from 2004 - a 0.961 d Black-White first-pass gap. The 2006 update to these figures raised the gap to 0.969 d.
Those figures are basically in line with LSAC's national study of Bar exam pass rates.
And those are basically in line with New York's gaps.
And this should probably be expected, since tests measure the same things.
Since all of the people included in these statistics went to ABA-accredited schools, they all had the opportunity to learn what was required to perform well on these tests.
But just like the Step examinations for medical doctors, the gaps on the tests and in real life remain.
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They end up publishing fewer papers and they receive fewer citations.
In other words, scientific productivity falls🧵
Tons of scholars have been cancelled in recent years.
That is, they've received professional backlash for expressing views that people deem "controversial, unpopular, or misaligned with prevailing norms."
Cancellations happen outside of academia, but it's very bad in it.
Large portions of the academy dislike the freedom of speech. Many of those free speech opponents have high agency and the clout to cause material harm to people they dislike = particularly bad cancel culture.
Phenotyping is the vast, minimally-explored frontier in genome-wide association studies.
Important thread🧵
Briefly, phenotyping is how you measure people's traits. Measure poorly, get bad results; measure well, get good results.
Example? Janky knees.
The janky knee example refers to osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, which occurs when the cartilage between bones is worn down, so bones start rubbing against each other.
This ends up being very painful.
Everyone with this condition isn't necessarily diagnosed with it.
This is especially true for men, who tend to just ignore this (and many other conditions) more often than women do.
This is, in a word, annoying, because it means that if you study it, sampling is likely biased.