#OTD#Onthisday 27 May, 1754, Christopher Gist and the Half-King confirmed that the French were advancing from the Crossing of Youghiogany.
Washington, overflowing with confidence that he had prepared "a charming field for encounter," set off for the French camp.
(1/9)
Yesterday, "a small light partys of Horse (wagon Horses)to reconnoitre the Enemy, and discover [the enemy's] strength and motion" had returned "without seeing anything."
But early in the morning of the 27th, Gist returned to the camp with a frightening intelligence.
(2/9)
On the 26th, his plantation was nearly sacked by fifty Frenchmen under La Force until the two Indians scouts "persuaded them from their design." The French were said to have asked Gist, "what was become of the Half-King?"
(3/9)
Alarmed that the French might be within five miles from his bivouac, Washington immediately detached another party composed of "65 Men, under the Command of Captain Hog, Lieut. Mercer, Ensign Peronie, three Sergeants, and three Corporals, with Instructions."
(4/9)
He also let his Mingo scouts know "that the French wanted to kill the Half King; and that had its desired Effect," and had one of them look for the Half-King. The braves readily offered "to go after the French" and "incite their Warriors to fall upon [the French."
(5/9)
Enclosing the previous letter from the Half-King promising his aid, Washington reported to Dinwiddie that his militiamen, "with nature's assistance, made a good entrenchment, and, by clearing the bushes out of the meadows, prepared a charming field for encounter."
(6/9)
At 8 p.m., he finally received an Express from the Half-King, that "as he was coming to join us, he had seen along the Road, the Tracts of two Men, which he had followed,till he was brought thereby to a low obscure Place;
(7/9)
that he was of Opinion the whole Party of theFrench was hidden there."
Without hesitation, Washington sent out forty men as the vanguard and led the rest of his militia to follow the Half-King to the unknown destination.
(8/9)
They "set out in a heavy Rain, and in a Night as dark as Pitch, along a Path scarce broad enough for one Man." Before sunrise, they would repeatedly stray off for "fifteen or twenty Minutes out of the Path" and "often strike one against another."
(9/9)
(Sources: Diary of Washington, U.S. Library of Congress; Washington to Dinwiddie, 27 May 1754, Writings of George Washington)
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Found an interesting memoir:
<Recollections of Russia During Thirty-three Years' Residence by a German Nobleman> by Eduard Kolbe.
The author travelled from Königsberg to Livonia, St. Petersburg, and Moscow, en route meeting local nobles of German descent like count Pahlen. 1/
At first, he is baffled by the "immensity" of Russia compared to the narrowly clustered towns in his home country. Kolbe swears having travelled 200 miles without finding a single trace of human settlement before reaching Mitau, his first destination. 2/
Unfortunately, one of the peculiarities of the country that grabs his attention is the locals' cruelty towards the serfs. He is horrified to see a master sell one off like chattels for five Rubles and casually say, "I have given my serf-fellow such a thrashing to-day, 3/
Thus ended the bloodiest day of the Napoleonic Wars before the Battle of Leipzig.
Personal recollections in the aftermath of the battle, between the night of the 7th to #OTD the 8th of September, 1812... 🧵
Picture: Borodino, sketch by Christian Faber du Faur
(1/37)
1. Napoleon has no doubts that Kutuzov offered him the battle he has long desired, and that it is his soldiers who stood their ground until the last minute. But having "yield[ed] neither prisoners nor trophies," the victory looks ominously fruitless-yet again!
(2/37)
"These Russians let themselves be killed like automatons; they are not taken alive. This does not help us at all. These citadels should be demolished with cannon," he repeats before Berthier, as if seeking reassurance that they nevertheless have won.
(3/37)
#OTD 10 June 1754, Washington received Dinwiddie's letter promoting him to the commander of the 1st Virginia Regiment. In return, he made a grandiose promise to rally the Six Nations against the French, but also complained about the lack of unity among the officers.
(1/18)
As Innes succeeded Fry as the new commander-in-chief, Washington and other officers were promoted along with him. Seizing this opportunity, Washington recommended William Peyrouney, who had served as Ensign in the regiment for twelve years, as the new adjutant,
(2/18)
for he was "the most necesy belonging to a Regiment; distributing the daily order’s, receiving all reports, seeing order’s executed..." Most importantly, he was the only one who could speak French fluently.
(3/18)
#OTD 8 June 1754, before leaving for the Albany Council, Postmasters General Benjamin Franklin wrote "Short Hints towards a Scheme for Uniting the Northern Colonies"-his vision of a parliamentary union of the northern provinces for collective defense of the frontier.
(1/22)
Franklin first broached the idea in 1751, amidst the escalating Anglo-French dispute over the Forks of the Ohio River or, La Belle Riviere. The neglect of those fertile tracts of land in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) had only rekindled the decades-old animosity.
(2/22)
Alarmed by the increasing violence in the Pennsylvania backcountry, which almost always involved the native allies, Franklin warned James Parker, Postmaster of NY, to "form a Strength that the Indians may depend on for Protection, in Case of a Rupture with the French;
(3/22)
#OTD#Onthisday 28 May, 1754, Major Washington of the Virginia Regiment fought his first battle at Jumonville Glen, which ended in the murder of Ensign Jumonville. In Voltaire's words, it was a "torch lighted in the forests of America" that "set all Europe in conflagration.”
1/🧵
At 10 p.m. on the 27th, Washington set out from his camp in the Great Meadows, Pennsylvania with a party of about 40 Virginia militiamen. They had no idea where they were headed for, and what catastrophic liability their would come to bear.
(Wa. to Dinwiddie, 29 May 1755)
(2/46)
The only intelligence available to them was the unexpected Express from the Half-King, received by Washington two hours ago-that "he was coming to join us, they had seen along the road the tracks of two [Frenchmen] which went down into a gloomy hollow, and that he imagined
(3/46)
#OTD#Onthisday 26 May, 1754, Lieutenant-Colonel George Washington receives a letter from Colonel William Fairfax sent by Colonel Joshua Fry, that Governor Robert Dinwiddie has arrived at Winchester, and was "desirous to see the Half King," a Seneca leader.
(1/4)
Three days ago, Tanaghrisson or the Half-King, whose childhood spent in French captivity sustained his aversion to the French expansion into the Forks of the Ohio, had offered to guide Washington and his 'English brethren' to the French encampment in the Great Meadows.
(2/4)
He personally wrote to the 22-year-old officer:
"...I exhort you, therefore, my English brethren, to be on your guard against them, for they intend to strike the first English, whom they see. They have been on the march for two days. I know not their number.
(3/4)